scholarly journals IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF IMPREGNATION OF BIRCH WOOD IN THE PRODUCTION OF SLEEPERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Svetlana Snegireva ◽  
Aleksey Platonov ◽  
Dmitriy Parinov ◽  
Ilya Medvedev ◽  
Aleksandra Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Antiseptic Solution ◽  
Cold Bath ◽  
Short Service Life ◽  
Wood Impregnation ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

Wood is widely used for the production of sleepers in Russia. Sleepers made of natural wood have the disadvantage – short service life. It is possible to increase the service life of wooden sleepers using pressed (modified) wood for their manufacture. Wood pressing is one of the most promising areas for improving its physical and mechanical properties. Pressed wood, in its turn, has a drawback – the ability to significantly change size and shape when humidity changes, as well as low biological resistance. The solution to this problem is to impregnate wood with an antiseptic solution with a stabilizer. The durability of pressed wood products largely depends on the quality of its impregnation and the amount of absorbed solution by the surface layer. The most simple and effective method (among the known for impregnation in the manufacture of railway sleepers) is impregnation of wood in hot-cold baths. In the work, the efficiency of wood impregnation by the method of hot-cold baths has been studied taking into account various conditions of exposure to a cold solution. The first option is to quickly replace a hot solution with a cold one. The second is the impregnation of wood during the natural cooling of hot solution. It was found that the depth of wood impregnation during gradual cooling of wood in a hot solution is 2.5 times less than the depth of impregnation during cooling in a cold solution, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The amount of solution absorbed by wood when impregnated by the hot-cold bath method with the gradual cooling of hot impregnating solution is 16% less than when cooling in a cold impregnating solution. Hot-cold bath method with cooling in a cold solution can be recommended for the manufacture of sleepers from modified wood

scholarly journals Condition of production and operation of railway sleepers from various materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Курьянова ◽  
Tatyana Kuryanova ◽  
Алексей Платонов ◽  
Aleksey Platonov ◽  
Марина Михеевская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Coniferous Wood ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Production And Operation ◽  
Modified Wood

Sleepers are elements of the upper structure of the railway track. When choosing a material for the manufacture of sleepers, we are based on such basic factors as cost for the whole life cycle and performance characteristics. In connection with the depletion of wood stocks in the world and the short life of wooden sleepers, the process of using sleepers made of reinforced concrete, metal and plastic goes intensively. The service life of pine sleepers is no more than 12-15 years, reinforced concrete sleepers are about 30-50 years old, plastic ones are up to 40 years old, and metal ones are 50-60 years old. However, wooden sleepers differ in the least cost, they practically do not have restrictions on the laying areas, and in some cases have a clear advantage over other materials. Reinforced concrete, metal and plastic sleepers are more expensive than wooden ones, have a longer payback period and are recommended to be laid on roads with high freight intensity, where they can pay off as quickly as possible. It is possible to reduce the shortcomings of sleepers made of natural wood, using modified hardwood for their manufacture, which, by pressing, will be stronger than the sleepers made of natural wood, which, in its physical and mechanical properties, is not inferior to sleepers made of natural coniferous wood. However, a certain disadvantage of the modified wood is its ability to change size and shape with increasing humidity. Stabilization of sizes and forms of modified wood can be increased by impregnating it with the composition of antiseptic with stabilizer. The predicted service life of sleepers from modified wood can be significantly higher than that of wooden sleepers made of natural coniferous wood.

scholarly journals A Multifunctional Mineral Binder for Plywood Production: The Effect of Manufacturing Parameters on Bonding Quality

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shalbafan ◽  
Amin Nadali ◽  
Heiko Thoemen
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Bonding Quality ◽  
High Roughness ◽  
Mineral Binder ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters ◽  
Layer Position

Geopolymers show great potential for use as binders in developing and manufacturing multifunctional wood products. The objective of this study was to improve the bonding quality of a geopolymer binder, with wood veneers, using different manufacturing parameters. To this end, we produced five layered plywood panels treated with various lay-up times (1, 5, 10, 15 min), panel compressibility values during hot pressing (5%, 10%, 15%, and 30% compression), veneer roughness values (low, medium, and high roughness), press temperatures (120, 140, and 160 °C), and veneer layouts via changing the middle layer position of plywood relative to the surface layers. The results show that the shear strength and thickness swelling were negatively influenced by increasing the lay-up time of resinated veneers and panel compressibility. Increasing the veneer roughness significantly increased the panels’ properties. Furthermore, the panels produced with a pressing temperature of 140 °C showed the best performances. The veneer layouts also significantly changed the physical and mechanical properties of the plywood panels. Generally speaking, the results obtained in this study show that improving the bonding quality of geopolymer binders with wood can be done through the manipulation of plywood manufacturing parameters.

scholarly journals Measurement of the degree of polarisation of thermally modified Scots pine using a Stokes imaging polarimeter

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Ilpo Niskanen ◽  
Jukka Räty ◽  
Hariyadi Soetedjo ◽  
Kenichi Hibino ◽  
Hiroshi Oohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
Thermally Modified Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

AbstractThis study measured the polarised light reflected from the surface of thermally modified Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood using a Stokes imaging polarimeter. The data were analysed using the Mueller matrix method. The Scots pine boards were heat treated in an oven at temperatures of 160 ºC, 200 ºC and 220 ºC, with a heat treatment time of 3 h at the maximum temperature. The results indicated that the chemical composition of the thermally modified wood underwent a permanent transformation, leading to a change in the degree of polarisation of the reflected light. The presented method provides useful information for inspecting the quality of thermally modified wood products.

The use of modified wood in the construction of wastewater treatment plants in coal mines of Kuzbass

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Elesin ◽  
Nikolay A. Mashkin ◽  
Boris V. Krutasov ◽  
Natalia V. Karmanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
State University ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to show an improvement in resistance (permeability) and durability (residual strength) of modified wood compared to natural wood.Design/methodology/approachA relevance way to increase the durability and resistance of wood is processing with polymers. Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin) and the Norilsk State Industrial Institute researched the resistance of elements of mine treatment plants made of wood modified with synthetic polymers. The study was carried out according to V.A. Kucherenko. Modification of such species as birch and pine can significantly increase wood resources by extending its service life and improving its physical and mechanical properties. Latex-organosilicon modifier was used as a modifier.FindingsLatex clogs the capillaries of wood, preventing the penetration of aggressive solutions into it, and potassium methyl silicate interacts with hydrophilic OH groups, increasing the water-repellent properties of the surface of cells and wood capillaries.Originality/valueThe results of long-term and predictive tests of modified wood in aggressive environments of treatment facilities are presented. As a result, diffusion of aggressive media into the wood becomes more difficult and its resistance and durability increase.

scholarly journals MODIFICATION OF LOW-VALUE WOOD SPECIES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE INDICATOR PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Ilya Medvedev ◽  
Dmitriy Parinov ◽  
Vladimir Shamaev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Short Service Life ◽  
Technological Methods

wood modification is a process of improving the physical and mechanical properties of low-value of the tree species, such as birch, aspen, poplar, etc. currently, this direction is very promising in wood processing. The main technological methods for modifying of low-value of the tree species include impregnation, pressing and drying, including an additional operation-heat treatment. In addition, the wood can be treated with magnetic or ultrasonic fields. By means of impregnation, substances are introduced into the wood that increase its plasticity, hydrophobicity, bio-fire resistance and formostability. As a result of pressing, the volume of wood is reduced and its density and strength are increased, hence the performance characteristics are increased. Heat treatment of wood contributes to a significant increase in its hydrophobicity, bio-resistance and form stability. A pilot industrial drying and pressing unit СПК-5M has been developed that allows to implement three technological methods (drying, impregnation, pressing) in one cycle. The product obtained at the installation is sleepers and power line supports that have high performance indicators compared to those traditionally used. The developed technology solves two problems: 1) the problem is solved with the use of low-value tree species (birch, aspen, poplar) rotting in cutting areas and lower warehouses in logging enterprises; 2) the problem of short service life of wooden sleepers and power transmission poles. The projected service life of the resulting products will be 30-50 years.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE PROCESS OF BIRCH WOOD IMPREGNATION WITH THE USED VEGETABLE OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Dmitrenkov ◽  
Alexander Vostrikov ◽  
Nadezhda Nikulina ◽  
Aleksandr Borovskoy ◽  
Ekaterina Nedzel'skaya
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Wood Impregnation ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Impregnation Temperature ◽  
Modified Wood

Wood is widely used in various industries. However, the inherent ability of natural wood to absorb water and other disadvantages require its modification with various compositions. In the work, the technology of impregnation of birch wood with processed vegetable oil, which remains after cooking, has been studied. Impregnated composition was introduced into pre-prepared wood using the “hot-cold baths” method and subsequent heat treatment of wood impregnated with used sunflower oil. The influence of the main quantitative parameters of the impregnation process on the performance of wood specimens have been made using the design of the experiment according to the Greek-Latin square pattern of the fourth order. The influence of the temperature of the impregnating oil, the time of impregnation, temperature and the duration of the heat treatment on the properties of modified wood has been studied. The properties of birch wood has been evaluated by its water absorption, as well as swelling of specimens in the radial and tangential directions. The regression equations have been obtained. They describe the influence of the main parameters of the impregnatio process with processed sunflower oil on the properties of modified wood. The best conditions for introducing processed sunflower oil into wood have been established. The proposed impregnating composition improves decorative properties of wood. It is odorless and environmentally friendly. It has been shown that treating birch wood with processed vegetable oil makes it possible to obtain modified wood with increased resistance to water

Effect of service life aspects on carbon footprint: a comparison of wood decking products

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars G. F. Tellnes ◽  
Gry Alfredsen ◽  
Per Otto Flæte ◽  
Lone Ross Gobakken
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Modified Wood

AbstractCarbon footprint over the life cycle is one of the most common environmental performance indicators. In recent years, several wood material producers have published environmental product declarations (EPDs) according to the EN 15804, which makes it possible to compare the carbon footprint of product alternatives. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of service life aspects by comparing the carbon footprint of treated wood decking products with similar performance expectations. The results showed that the modified wood products had substantially larger carbon footprints during manufacturing than preservative-treated decking materials. Replacement of modified wood during service life creates a huge impact on life cycle carbon footprint, while maintenance with oil provided a large contribution for preservative-treated decking. Hence, service life and maintenance intervals are crucial for the performance ranking between products. The methodological issues to be aware of are: how the functional unit specifies the key performance requirements for the installed product, and whether full replacement is the best modeling option in cases where the decking installation is close to the end of the required service life.

scholarly journals Increasing the Strength of the Glue Line in the Production of Thermally Modified Wood Paneling

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Ruslan Rushanovich Safin ◽  
Aigul Ravilevna Shaikhutdinova ◽  
Ruslan Khasanshin ◽  
Shamil Mukhametzyanov ◽  
Albina Safina
Keyword(s):  
Wood Products ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Surface Activation ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Ultraviolet Treatment ◽  
Thermally Modified Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

This work is devoted to the study of the effect of ultraviolet rays for the surface activation of pine wood thermally modified at temperatures of 180−240 °C in order to increase the surface roughness, enhance the wettability of thermal wood and the adhesive strength of the glue in the production of wood block furniture panels. Studies were carried out to measure the contact angle of wettability of thermally modified wood samples of pine, as a result of which it was determined that the ultraviolet treatment process contributes to an increase in the adhesion properties of the surface layer of thermally modified wood by more than 13% due to the reactivity of ultraviolet rays to oxidize and degrade ligno-containing wood products. At the same time, the most active process of surface activation takes place during 60 min of ultraviolet irradiation of wood with a total irradiation of at least 125 W/cm2. It was revealed that the combined effect of two-stage wood processing, including preliminary volumetric thermal modification followed by surface ultraviolet treatment, causes an increase in the moisture resistance of glued wood products by 24%. So, if the strength of the glue seam when gluing natural wood samples after boiling decreased by 46%, then the samples that underwent two-stage processing showed a decrease only by 22%. In connection with the results obtained, an improved technology for the production of furniture boards for the manufacture of moisture-resistant wood products is proposed.

scholarly journals Hybrid Approach for Wood Modification: Characterization and Evaluation of Weathering Resistance of Coatings on Acetylated Wood

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Anna Sandak ◽  
Edit Földvári-Nagy ◽  
Faksawat Poohphajai ◽  
Rene Herrera Diaz ◽  
Oihana Gordobil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cellular Wall ◽  
Bulk Substrate

Wood, as a biological material, is sensitive to environmental conditions and microorganisms; therefore, wood products require protective measures to extend their service life in outdoor applications. Several modification processes are available for the improvement of wood properties, including commercially available solutions. Among the chemical treatments, acetylation by acetic anhydride is one of the most effective methods to induce chemical changes in the constitutive polymers at the cellular wall level. Acetylation reduces wood shrinkage-swelling, increases its durability against biotic agents, improves UV resistance and reduces surface erosion. However, even if the expected service life for external cladding of acetylated wood is estimated to be 60 years, the aesthetics change rapidly during the first years of exposure. Hybrid, or fusion, modification includes processes where the positive effect of a single treatment can be multiplied by merging with additional follow-up modifications. This report presents results of the performance tests of wood samples that, besides the modification by means of acetylation, were additionally protected with seven commercially available coatings. Natural weathering was conducted in Northern Italy for 15 months. Samples were characterized with numerous instruments by measuring samples collected from the stand every three months. Superior performance was observed on samples that merged both treatments. It is due to the combined effect of the wood acetylation and surface coating. Limited shrinkage/swelling of the bulk substrate due to chemical treatment substantially reduced stresses of the coating film. Hybrid process, compared to sole acetylation of wood, assured superior visual performance of the wood surface by preserving its original appearance.

scholarly journals Review of Functional Treatments for Modified Wood

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Morwenna J. Spear ◽  
Simon F. Curling ◽  
Athanasios Dimitriou ◽  
Graham A. Ormondroyd
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Wood Modification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Impregnation Modification ◽  
New Applications ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Dimensional Instability ◽  
Modified Wood

Wood modification is now widely recognized as offering enhanced properties of wood and overcoming issues such as dimensional instability and biodegradability which affect natural wood. Typical wood modification systems use chemical modification, impregnation modification or thermal modification, and these vary in the properties achieved. As control and understanding of the wood modification systems has progressed, further opportunities have arisen to add extra functionalities to the modified wood. These include UV stabilisation, fire retardancy, or enhanced suitability for paints and coatings. Thus, wood may become a multi-functional material through a series of modifications, treatments or reactions, to create a high-performance material with previously impossible properties. In this paper we review systems that combine the well-established wood modification procedures with secondary techniques or modifications to deliver emerging technologies with multi-functionality. The new applications targeted using this additional functionality are diverse and range from increased electrical conductivity, creation of sensors or responsive materials, improvement of wellbeing in the built environment, and enhanced fire and flame protection. We identified two parallel and connected themes: (1) the functionalisation of modified timber and (2) the modification of timber to provide (multi)-functionality. A wide range of nanotechnology concepts have been harnessed by this new generation of wood modifications and wood treatments. As this field is rapidly expanding, we also include within the review trends from current research in order to gauge the state of the art, and likely direction of travel of the industry.

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