Fatty acids profile of Serra da Estrela PDO cheeses and respective atherogenic and thrombogenic indices

Purpose This study aims to determine the physicochemical and fatty acids composition of Serra da Estrela cheese (SEC), as well as health-related lipid indices, like the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, and to evaluate the influence of producer, geographical origin and production date. Design/methodology/approach All 24 SEC produced between November 2017 and March 2018 were collected at selected certified producers and analyzed by NIR spectrophotometer and by GC. Data were statistically evaluated by chemometric tools. Findings In all evaluated SEC, 23 fatty acids were quantified. Cheese origin influenced nutritional and health-related lipid indices). The cheeses were characterized by a relative high abundance of saturated fatty acids (67-76%), followed by a medium content of monounsaturated fatty acids (17-25%) and by low level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (5-7%). A putative positive association between cheese consumption and healthy lipid indices could be reached. Practical implications The contents of some medium and long chain fatty acids as well as of nutritional and health indices were influenced by cheese producer, geographical origin and production date pointing out the need for standardizing production procedures. Social implications The SEC plays a key role in the local economy, being an endogenous product with unique sensory characteristics and nutritional potential, for which the knowledge of the lipids profile and health indices is of utmost relevance. Originality/value SEC is an iconic Portuguese cheese with Protected Designation of Origin. Based on the results, like health-related lipid indices, evaluated for the first time, a positive association between cheese consumption and healthy lipid indices could be envisaged.

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Hepatic transcriptome analysis reveals altered lipid metabolism and consequent health indices in chicken supplemented with dietary Bifidobacterium bifidum and mannan-oligosaccharides

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97467-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kapil Dev ◽

Jubeda Begum ◽

Avishek Biswas ◽

Nasir Akbar Mir ◽

Jitendra Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Health Indices ◽

Mannan Oligosaccharides

AbstractThis study investigated the role of dietary prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), and probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum (BFD) in lipid metabolism, deposition, and consequent health indices in broiler chicken. The supplementation of 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed resulted in downregulation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, sterolregulatory element binding protein-1, and apolipoprotein B100; and up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α AMP-activated protein kinase α-1, and stearoyl CoA (∆9) desaturase-1 hepatic expression in broiler chicken. The birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed depicted lower body fat percentage, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acid contents, whereas, higher palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and MUFA contents were observed. The ∆9-desaturase indices of chicken meat have shown higher values; and elongase index (only thigh) and thioesterase index have shown lower values in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. The meat health indices such as Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/Saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, Mono-saturated fatty acids (MUFA)/SFA ratio, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)/SFA ratio, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio, saturation index, atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid content were positively improved in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. Similarly, the birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed have shown lower serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels along with higher high density levels and improved serum health indices cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and, atherogenic index of plasma.

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Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Increase Survival and Decrease Bacterial Load during Septic Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Improve Neutrophil Function in Mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.02349-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 514-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Sara L. Svahn ◽

Louise Grahnemo ◽

Vilborg Pálsdóttir ◽

Intawat Nookaew ◽

Karl Wendt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Neutrophil Function ◽

High Fat ◽

Content Type

Severe infection, including sepsis, is an increasing clinical problem that causes prolonged morbidity and substantial mortality. At present, antibiotics are essentially the only pharmacological treatment for sepsis. The incidence of resistance to antibiotics is increasing; therefore, it is critical to find new therapies for sepsis.Staphylococcus aureusis a major cause of septic mortality. Neutrophils play an important role in the defense against bacterial infections. We have shown that a diet with high levels of dietary saturated fatty acids decreases survival in septic mice, but the mechanisms behind this remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the differences in dietary fat composition affect survival and bacterial load after experimental septic infection and neutrophil function in uninfected mice. We found that, afterS. aureusinfection, mice fed a polyunsaturated high-fat diet (HFD-P) for 8 weeks had increased survival and decreased bacterial load during sepsis compared with mice fed a saturated high-fat diet (HFD-S), similar to mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD). Uninfected mice fed HFD-P had a higher frequency of neutrophils in bone marrow than mice fed HFD-S. In addition, mice fed HFD-P had a higher frequency of neutrophils recruited to the site of inflammation in response to peritoneal injection of thioglycolate than mice fed HFD-S. Differences between the proportion of dietary protein and carbohydrate did not affect septic survival at all. In conclusion, polyunsaturated dietary fat increased both survival and efficiency of bacterial clearance during septicS. aureusinfection. Moreover, this diet increased the frequency and chemotaxis of neutrophils, key components of the immune response toS. aureusinfections.

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Effect of different thistle flower ecotypes as milk-clotting in Serra da Estrela cheese

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-12-2015-0157 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 458-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Paula Correia ◽

André Vítor ◽

Marlene Tenreiro ◽

Ana Cristina Correia ◽

João Madanelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Starter Culture ◽

Clotting Time ◽

Content Type ◽

Milk Clotting ◽

Texture Properties ◽

Protected Designation Of Origin ◽

Serra Da Estrela ◽

Sensorial Evaluation ◽

Serra Da Estrela Cheese

Purpose Thistle flower (Cynara cardunculus) aqueous extracts, as rich source of milk-clotting peptidases, have been widely used for cheeses marketed under the Registry of the Protected Designation of Origin, as it is the case of Serra da Estrela cheese, manufactured from raw ewes’ milk and without addition of any commercial starter culture. This paper aims at studying the influence of six different ecotypes of thistle flowers in cheese properties during the ripening and of final products. Design/methodology/approach Cheeses were produced with different thistle flower extracts and then the clotting time, weight and colour of cheeses, as well as texture properties and sensorial characteristics, were evaluated. Findings The clotting time varied from 47 to 66 min, and the weight loss along ripening varied between 32 and 40 per cent. There was some influence of thistle flower ecotype on the colour during ripening and in the final product. The results of texture analysis revealed significant differences between the thistle ecotypes: crust firmness varying from 2.4 to 5.6 N; inner firmness from 0.82 to 1.82 N; stickiness from −0.5 to −1.60 N; adhesiveness from −3.0 to −11.3 N.s; and Ecotype C was particularly distinguishable. Sensorial evaluation revealed differences among the cheeses, with Ecotype C receiving the highest score for global appreciation. Originality/value The usage of different extracts of thistle flower to produce Serra da Estrela cheese with different properties is a novelty, and it allows the possibility of manipulating this parameter in the future so as to produce cheeses with specific characteristics, addressed to different consumer targets.

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The association of N ε-Carboxymethyllysine with polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in healthy individuals

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glab307 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Permal Deo ◽

Varinderpal S Dhillon ◽

Philip Thomas ◽

Michael Fenech

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Positive Association ◽

Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

And Gender

Abstract Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids status is used as a biomarker of dietary intake of fats however, there is still a paucity of evidence regarding individual fatty acids and modulation of endogenous advanced glycation end-product (AGE) levels. Due to membrane PUFA being a well-known target for peroxidation, we hypothesized that cellular PUFAs are positively associated with circulatory N ε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) that is also influenced by glyoxal (GO) levels in healthy cohorts. To test this, we investigated the association between RBC fatty acids and circulatory AGEs biomarkers in healthy individuals. The results showed a negative association between saturated fatty acids (SFA) and CML and stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated stearic acid was negatively associated with CML levels (β = -0.200, p=0.008) after adjusting for age, BMI, and gender. In addition, stearic acid: palmitic acid ratio was also negatively correlated with plasma concentrations of CML (rp= -0.191, p = 0.012) and glucose (rp= -0.288, p = 0.0001). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) showed a positive association with CML levels particularly, docosapentaenoic acid, γ-Linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosadienoic acid. However, these associations were not evident after the multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, and gender. A strong negative correlation (rp= -0.98, p< 0.0001) between total PUFA and total SFA was observed. Furthermore, the SFA:PUFA ratio was inversely correlated with CML (rp= -0.227, p< 0.003). Overall, this study indicates that different fats and their combinations may influence the formation of AGEs and that carefully controlled interventions are required to further test this hypothesis.

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Investigating the nutrient content of food prepared in popular children’s TV cooking shows

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-02-2018-0121 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 (9) ◽

pp. 2102-2115

Author(s):

Yandisa Ngqangashe ◽

Charlotte de Backer ◽

Christophe Matthys ◽

Nina Hermans

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Salt Content ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

World Health ◽

Nutritional Content ◽

Content Type ◽

Cooking Shows ◽

Total Fat

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the nutritional content of recipes prepared in popular children’s television (TV) cooking shows. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional analysis of 150 recipes focusing on calorie, total fat and carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, fibre, sugar, protein and salt content was performed. Main course recipes were evaluated against the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA), and the proportions of energy derived from each nutrient were evaluated against the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Findings While a significant proportion met the FSA and WHO recommendations for energy and salt, 58 per cent were above the FSA recommendation for total fat (χ2=5.598, p=0.01), 56 per cent failed to meet the recommendations for saturated fatty acids (χ2=4.551, p=0.03) and 60 per cent exceeded the FSA protein recommendations (χ2=12.602, p<0.001). Only 17 and 21 per cent of the recipes met the minimum recommendations for carbohydrates (χ2=30.429, p<0.001) and fibre (χ2=16.909, p<0.001), respectively. Only 37 per cent had adequate portion of fruits and vegetables. The nutritional content varied depending on the composition of the recipes; vegetarian recipes were more likely to meet the recommendations than poultry, meat or fish recipes. Research limitations/implications Foods displayed by children’s popular TV cooking show fall short of the standards for healthy eating, thus warranting further research on how these shows affect eating behaviour. Originality/value This study is the first to consider children’s TV cooking shows as a platform of exposure to unhealthy foods.

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The relationship between dietary intakes during pregnancy and incidence of postpartum depression: a case-control study

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-07-2019-0229 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 751-764

Author(s):

Shirin Amini ◽

Sima Jafarirad ◽

Reza Amani ◽

Mehdi Sayyah Bargard ◽

Bahman Cheraghian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Post Partum ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Content Type ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Purpose Post-partum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that affects 20-40 per cent of women in their post-delivery period worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to compare dietary intakes of energy, macronutrients, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), some micronutrients and antioxidants in PPD patients with healthy controls. Design/methodology/approach This case-control study was conducted on 163 women in postpartum period (81 PPD and 82 non-PPD) using Edinburgh questionnaire for the diagnosis of PPD. Dietary nutrients intake was assessed using 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Portion sizes of food items were converted to grams per day. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between tertiles of dietary intakes with the odds ratio (OR) of PPD. Findings According to the fully adjusted model, highest tertile compared to lowest tertile dietary intake of SFAs [OR = 0.01; 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) = 0.00, 0.01, p = 0.001], MUFAs (OR = 0.01; 95 per cent CI = 0.00, 0.02, p < 0.001), total fats (OR = 0.01; 95 per cent CI =0.00, 0.01, p < 0.001) and cholesterol (OR = 0.06 ; 95 per cent CI = 0.01, 0.08, p < 0.001), thiamine (OR = 0.01; 95 per cent CI = 0.00, 0.01, p < 0.001), riboflavin (OR = 0.10; 95 per cent CI = 0.02, 0.39, p < 0.001), pyridoxine (OR = 0.03; 95 per cent CI =0.01, 0.32, p < 0.001), folate (OR = 0.01; 95 per cent CI = 0.00, 0.01, p < 0.001), cobalamine (OR = 0.01; 95 per cent CI = 0.00, 0.01, p < 0.001) , selenium (OR = 0.79 ; 95 per cent CI =1.36, 3.32, p < 0.001), iron (OR =0.68; 95 per cent CI = 0.24, 0.94, p < 0.001) and iodine (OR = 0.36; 95 per cent CI =1.10, 1.38, p < 0.001) had a protective effect on the incidence of PPD. Furthermore, higher intake of vitamin A and beta-cryptoxanthin can increase the incidence of PPD (OR =114.29; 95 per cent CI =17.85, 118.12, p < 0.001) and (OR = 4.85; 95 per cent CI = 1.49, 15.69, p = 0.015), respectively. Originality/value PPD may have destructive effects on the relationship between mother and infant. Results of previous studies demonstrated nutrients are required for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and have biochemical role in the nervous system.

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The Natural Diyne-Furan Fatty Acid EV-086 Is an Inhibitor of Fungal Delta-9 Fatty Acid Desaturation with Efficacy in a Model of Skin Dermatophytosis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01443-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 455-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Philipp Knechtle ◽

Melanie Diefenbacher ◽

Katrine B. V. Greve ◽

Federico Brianza ◽

Christophe Folly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Fatty Acid Desaturation ◽

Antifungal Compound ◽

Content Type ◽

Furan Fatty Acid

ABSTRACTHuman fungal infections represent a therapeutic challenge. Although effective strategies for treatment are available, resistance is spreading, and many therapies have unacceptable side effects. A clear need for novel antifungal targets and molecules is thus emerging. Here, we present the identification and characterization of the plant-derived diyne-furan fatty acid EV-086 as a novel antifungal compound. EV-086 has potent and broad-spectrum activityin vitroagainstCandida,Aspergillus, andTrichophytonspp., whereas activities against bacteria and human cell lines are very low. Chemical-genetic profiling ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaedeletion mutants identified lipid metabolic processes and organelle organization and biogenesis as targets of EV-086. Pathway modeling suggested that EV-086 inhibits delta-9 fatty acid desaturation, an essential process inS. cerevisiae, depending on the delta-9 fatty acid desaturaseOLE1. Delta-9 unsaturated fatty acids—but not saturated fatty acids—antagonized the EV-086-mediated growth inhibition, and transcription of theOLE1gene was strongly upregulated in the presence of EV-086. EV-086 increased the ratio of saturated to unsaturated free fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acyl chains, respectively. Furthermore, EV-086 was rapidly taken up into the lipid fraction of the cell and incorporated into phospholipids. Together, these findings demonstrate that EV-086 is an inhibitor of delta-9 fatty acid desaturation and that the mechanism of inhibition might involve an EV-086–phospholipid. Finally, EV-086 showed efficacy in a guinea pig skin dermatophytosis model of topicalTrichophytoninfection, which demonstrates that delta-9 fatty acid desaturation is a valid antifungal target, at least for dermatophytoses.

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Effect of transient ischemia on free fatty acids and phospholipids in the gerbil brain

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1980.53.3.0323 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 323-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 285

Author(s):

Shinichi Yoshida ◽

Satoshi Inoh ◽

Takao Asano ◽

Keiji Sano ◽

Masaru Kubota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Lipid Peroxides ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽

Membrane Phospholipids ◽

Content Type ◽

Bilateral Carotid

✓ The effect of transient bilateral carotid occlusion on levels of free fatty acids, phospholipids, and lipid peroxides in the brain was studied in gerbils. During occlusion, both saturated and polyunsaturated free fatty acids increased strikingly to approximately 11-fold in total by 30 minutes. During recirculation, however, a selectively rapid decrement occurred in arachidonic acid, while saturated fatty acids gradually decreased to their basal levels in 180 minutes. The peroxide level, estimated by a thiobarbituric acid test, did not change during occlusion, but was elevated on reperfusion. Phosphatidylethanolamine content decreased throughout the periods examined. These results do not support a hypothesis that lipid peroxidation is initiated during ischemia by the lack of oxygen at the terminus of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Instead, it is suggested that severe cerebral ischemia disintegrates membrane phospholipids, probably through activation of hydrolytic enzymes, and that overt peroxidative processes take place during reflow by means of restoration of oxygen supply. The peroxidative reactions may, indeed, cause additional damage during the postischemic phase.

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Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Increase Survival and Decrease Bacterial Load in Mice Subjected to Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Sepsis

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.01391-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 1205-1213 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Sara L. Svahn ◽

Marcus A. Ulleryd ◽

Louise Grahnemo ◽

Marcus Ståhlman ◽

Jan Borén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Content Type ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Omega 6

Sepsis caused byStaphylococcus aureusis increasing in incidence. With the alarming use of antibiotics,S. aureusis prone to become methicillin resistant. Antibiotics are the only widely used pharmacological treatment for sepsis. Interestingly, mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids have better survival ofS. aureus-induced sepsis than mice fed HFD rich in saturated fatty acids (HFD-S). To investigate what component of polyunsaturated fatty acids, i.e., omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, exerts beneficial effects on the survival ofS. aureus-induced sepsis, mice were fed HFD rich in omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids for 8 weeks prior to inoculation withS. aureus. Further, mice fed HFD-S were treated with omega-3 fatty acid metabolites known as resolvins. Mice fed HFD rich in omega-3 fatty acids had increased survival and decreased bacterial loads compared to those for mice fed HFD-S afterS. aureus-induced sepsis. Furthermore, the bacterial load was decreased in resolvin-treated mice fed HFD-S afterS. aureus-induced sepsis compared with that in mice treated with vehicle. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids increase the survival ofS. aureus-induced sepsis by reversing the deleterious effect of HFD-S on mouse survival.

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Neonatal Mouse Gut Metabolites Influence Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.02582-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e02582-20

Author(s):

Kelli L. VanDussen ◽

Lisa J. Funkhouser-Jones ◽

Marianna E. Akey ◽

Deborah A. Schaefer ◽

Kevin Ackman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Intestinal Lumen ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Content Type ◽

Long Chain

ABSTRACTThe protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium sp. is a leading cause of diarrheal disease in those with compromised or underdeveloped immune systems, particularly infants and toddlers in resource-poor localities. As an enteric pathogen, Cryptosporidium sp. invades the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells, where it resides in close proximity to metabolites in the intestinal lumen. However, the effect of gut metabolites on susceptibility to Cryptosporidium infection remains largely unstudied. Here, we first identified which gut metabolites are prevalent in neonatal mice when they are most susceptible to Cryptosporidium parvum infection and then tested the isolated effects of these metabolites on C. parvum invasion and growth in intestinal epithelial cells. Our findings demonstrate that medium or long-chain saturated fatty acids inhibit C. parvum growth, perhaps by negatively affecting the streamlined metabolism in C. parvum, which is unable to synthesize fatty acids. Conversely, long-chain unsaturated fatty acids enhanced C. parvum invasion, possibly by modulating membrane fluidity. Hence, gut metabolites, either from diet or produced by the microbiota, influence C. parvum growth in vitro and may also contribute to the early susceptibility to cryptosporidiosis seen in young animals.IMPORTANCECryptosporidium sp. occupies a unique intracellular niche that exposes the parasite to both host cell contents and the intestinal lumen, including metabolites from the diet and produced by the microbiota. Both dietary and microbial products change over the course of early development and could contribute to the changes seen in susceptibility to cryptosporidiosis in humans and mice. Consistent with this model, we show that the immature gut metabolome influenced the growth of Cryptosporidium parvumin vitro. Interestingly, metabolites that significantly altered parasite growth were fatty acids, a class of molecules that Cryptosporidium sp. is unable to synthesize de novo. The enhancing effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the inhibitory effects of saturated fatty acids presented in this study may provide a framework for future studies into this enteric parasite’s interactions with exogenous fatty acids during the initial stages of infection.

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