Laboratory and field based integrated approach for assessing performance and utilization of LED Solar Lanterns in rural areas

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mohanty ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
N. Thakur ◽  
K.R. Sharma ◽  
A. Chaurey
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach

Water and sanitation policies for improving health in South Africa: overcoming the institutional legacy of apartheid

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Sinanovic ◽  
Sandi Mbatsha ◽  
Stephen Gundry ◽  
Jim Wright ◽  
Clas Rehnberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
New Policies

The burden of water-related disease is closely related to both the socio-economic situation and public health issues like access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene services. Poverty eradication, through improved access to water and sanitation, is the South African government's major priority. This is partly achieved through subsidising the cost of water and sanitation provision to the poor in rural areas. Whilst the new policies have made a remarkable impact on improved access to water and sanitation services, a general problem since the new approach in 1994 has been the lack of integration of policies for water and sanitation and health. This paper analyses the policies concerning rural water supply and sanitation in South Africa. It considers the structure of institutions, the division of responsibilities and legislated and financial capacity of the South Africa's water sector. A more integrated approach for the policies aiming at water access, sanitation and health is needed. In addition, as the local government's capacity to implement different programmes is limited, a review of the financing system is necessary.

scholarly journals A Unique Transdisciplinary Engineering-Based Integrated Approach for the Design of Temporary Refugee Housing Using Kano, HOQ/QFD, TRIZ, AD, ISM and DSM Tools

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Daniel Moran ◽  
Atila Ertas ◽  
Utku Gulbulak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Function Design ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Design Conflicts

The continued displacement of refugees from their homes and homelands (now greater than 50 million people worldwide) places increased focus and attention on evolving the designs of temporary housing that is available to be provided to the refugee population, especially in rural areas where housing does not already exist and must be constructed in very little time. Complex engineering problems involving social issues, such as this case study, benefit from the use of Integrated Transdisciplinary (TD) Tools (ITDT) to effectively and efficiently address the design questions related to them. The integrated use of TD Tools such as Kano Analysis, KJ Diagrams, Critical to Quality (CTQ), House of Quality (HOQ)/Quality Function Design (QFD), Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), Axiomatic Design (AD), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), and Design Structure Matrix (DSM) through an end-to-end unique design process leads to innovation and elimination of design conflicts for especially complicated design problems. The objective of this study is to examine the design of temporary refugee housing using integrated TD tools mentioned above. This research concludes that the use of the ITDT approach provides an innovative, decoupled design.

scholarly journals Endemicity of malaria in rural areas: A prospective longitudinal study in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Mohammad Athar Ansari ◽  
Iqbal Mohd Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Paramedical Staff ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The aim of the study is to assess the magnitude of the problem and certain epidemiological factors associated with malaria and examine the changing pattern of malaria through its parameters of measurement during 2009-2011. The study was carried out at the Rural Health Training Center (RHTC), under the J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Mus-lim University, Aligarh, (India) for three years from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2011. Teams of doctors and paramedical staff regularly visited the villages. If any person was found to be suffering from fever, his/her blood was examined for the malaria parasite. Patients were given presumptive treatment and radical treatment if slides were positive. The findings of the study demonstrated that the number of malaria cases increased during the study period, but in the year 2010, a sudden upsurge was noticed. Out of 5594 patients, most of the patients seen were in the age group of 11-20 years (34.3%). P. vivax (96.2%) was the most common malaria infection in these areas. An increasing trend of malaria was seen from July to October. Most of the parameters of malaria measurement in-creased many folds in 2010 and showed a declining trend in 2011. The overall findings of the study indicated the high endemicity of malaria in the study area and demonstrated a changing pattern of malaria in the registered vil-lages as most of the parameters of malaria measurement increased. An integrated approach is needed which in-cludes mass survey or active surveillance, and appropriate drug therapy to tackle this public health problem. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15940 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 28-33

scholarly journals ‘Trend in premature mortality from four major NCDs in Nanjing, China, 2007–2018’

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huafeng Yang ◽  
Yali Fu ◽  
Xin Hong ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Abstract Background This study aims to analyze the trends of premature mortality caused from four major non-communicable diseases (NCDs), namely cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes in Nanjing between 2007 and 2018 and project the ability to achieve the “Healthy China 2030” reduction target. Methods Mortality data of four major NCDs for the period 2007–2018 were extracted from the Death Information Registration and Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Population data for Nanjing were provided by the Nanjing Bureau of Public Security. The premature mortality was calculated using the life table method. Joinpoint regression model was used to estimate the average annual percent changes (AAPC) in mortality trends. Results From 2007 to 2018, the premature mortality from four major NCDs combined in Nanjing decreased from 15.5 to 9.5%, with the AAPC value at − 4.3% (95% CI [− 5.2% to − 3.4%]). Overall, it can potentially achieve the target, with a relative reduction 28.6%. The premature mortality from cancer, CVD, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes all decreased, with AAPC values at − 4.2, − 5.0%, − 5.9% and − 1.6% respectively. A relative reduction of 40.6 and 41.2% in females and in rural areas, but only 21.0 and 12.8% in males and in urban areas were projected. Conclusion An integrated approach should be taken focusing on the modifiable risk factors across different sectors and disciplines in Nanjing. The prevention and treatment of cancers, diabetes, male and rural areas NCDs should be enhanced.

scholarly journals An integrated approach to improving rural livelihoods: examples from India and Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Barry Croke ◽  
Wendy Merritt ◽  
Peter Cornish ◽  
Geoffrey J. Syme ◽  
Christian H. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This paper presents an overview of work in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and SW Bangladesh through a series of projects from 2005 to the present, considering the impact of farming systems, water shed development and/or agricultural intensification on livelihoods in selected rural areas of India and Bangladesh. The projects spanned a range of scales spanning from the village scale (∼  1 km2) to the meso-scale (∼  100 km2), and considered social as well as biophysical aspects. They focused mainly on the food and water part of the food-water-energy nexus. These projects were in collaboration with a range of organisations in India and Bangladesh, including NGOs, universities, and government research organisations and departments. The projects were part funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, and built on other projects that have been undertaken within the region. An element of each of these projects was to understand how the hydrological cycle could be managed sustainably to improve agricultural systems and livelihoods of marginal groups. As such, they evaluated appropriate technology that is generally not dependent on high-energy inputs (mechanisation). This includes assessing the availability of water, and identifying potential water resources that have not been developed; understanding current agricultural systems and investigating ways of improving water use efficiency; and understanding social dynamics of the affected communities including the potential opportunities and negative impacts of watershed development and agricultural development.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF INVESTMENT PROVISION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оleksii Zoria ◽  
Tetiana Bardina ◽  
Svitlana Zoria
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
State And Local

The article develops the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of the concept of investment support for sustainable development of rural areas in terms of institutional transformations. It is determined that the systemic idea of rural areas as a territorial and social system, allows us to consider them as a socio-ecological-economic system in the context of the following structural components: agroecosystems, economic and socio-mental space. It has been established that sustainable development is possible on the basis of an integrated approach that takes into account the close relationship between the economic, environmental and social components of rural areas. Rural areas develop in a certain natural environment, in close connection with the urban territorial subsystem and under the influence of the global economic system. The dynamism and sustainability of rural development depend not only on the external environment, but also on achieving a balance of their economic, social and environmental components, which is ensured by adhering to the principles of complexity, coherence, balance and harmony. The methods of management of sustainable development of rural areas used in modern economic science and practice are caused by features of the last, and also the factors influencing activity of investments in the conditions of a countryside. All this requires a variety of applied management tools, the cumulative effect of which should ensure sustainable development of rural areas, stabilization of agricultural production, stop the outflow of migration from rural areas to cities and abroad, improve living standards in rural areas. Based on the provisions of economic theory on the nature of investment and current legislation, the article reveals the following features of investing in sustainable rural development. It is noted that sustainable development of rural areas is possible only with sufficient and effective investment support based on a combination of efforts of state and local authorities, local communities, businesses, investment strategy, improving public investment policy and implementing an appropriate mechanism for its implementation.

scholarly journals Functioning and development of civil society under constitutional basis

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Danylo Akulenko
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Low Level

This article was studied the сonstitutional norms for civil society, which, in the author's view, should be the doctrinal basis for its functioning. The question arises because of the critical need of society in legal and political movements for a European model of relations between the state and the citizen, the urgency is determined not only by the author’s personal convictions, but also by the unstable situation inside the Ukrainian politics, according to which only anti-democratic pseudosocial post-Soviet movements have unity and one point of view. In such conditions, the uncertainty of the Basic Law does not leave an opportunity to develop new, more effective legal norms that could increase the effectiveness of civil society. The scientific basis for this article were the works of V. Batanov, A. Krusyan, N. Onishchenko, T. Podorozhna, S. Petkov, O. Skripniuk, S. Sunegin, Y. Shemshuchenko. The aim of the work is to study the possible instruments of constitutional influence to achieve the ultimate goal of each democratic and legal state - building an effective civil society with a self-regulatory function. The analysis of the real situation inside the country shows that the level of efficiency of civil society is currently critically low. Indicators of this are the following negative socio-legal phenomena: - legal and political nihilism; - the dependence of the media on the so-called "tycoons"; - a small number of non-state entities of legal relations (organizations, foundations, unions, associations, federations, consumer societies, etc.) especially in sparsely populated rural areas; - low level of labor protection and social guarantees; - ineffective financing of political movements, parties and youth party cells; - low level of civil self-identification in certain regions of the country; - ineffective distribution of financial resources to state monopolies, which are unprofitable to preserve employment. This article provides possible ways of overcoming problems which can positively affect the further development of interaction between society and the state with an integrated approach to their implementation and strike a balance between state influence and civil pressure, the purpose of which is to ensure a decent level of protection of the rights, freedoms and interests of citizens.

scholarly journals RURAL TERRITORIES OF KAZAKHSTAN: REALITIES, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Bakhyt Kalykova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Effective Development

The study deals with the formation of a model of sustainable and effective development of agriculture and rural areas as the main task of implementing the State agricultural policy. The relevance of the tasks set by the author lies in considering the living conditions in the countryside as an integrated approach to the country's economy in order to diversify the types of activities in rural areas, create new sources of income. The directions representing a new economic paradigm of rural development in Kazakhstan are justified. The ways of implementing a comprehensive policy are shown, which consists in the partnership of public structures, local governments, public organizations and private sector, so that in the future, rural areas will become the most important socioeconomic and ecological subsystem of society. One of the key issues in the development of a model of modernization of the Kazakh countryside - the methodology for assessing the strategy and taken measures are highlighted. It is noted that monitoring of a wide variety of regional situations in rural settlements is of great scientific importance in creating a reliable and objective basis for developing substantiated measures to improve the quality of life of the rural population and determining priorities. The author states that the implementation of the "Auyl - El besigi" program contributes to the development of support and satellite villages, which have the potential to increase the level of life and well-being of rural residents, modernize the social infrastructure of the SNP JSC "Fund for Financial Support of Agriculture" allocated significant amounts to ensure employment of the rural population. The program condition in the funded projects should be startups, proposals for non-agricultural areas of expansion of activities in rural areas.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Rural Dwellers’ Involvement in Developmental Projects in Osun State

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Odeyemi Oladele Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Rural development is the integrated approach to food production as well as physical, social and institutional infrastructural provisions with an ultimate goal of bringing about both quantitative and qualitative changes which result in improved living standard of the rural population. The study was conducted to investigate gender difference of rural dwellers’ involvement in rural development projects in Atakunmosa-west Local Government area of Osun State. It also described the demographic characteristics of the respondents, identified different rural developmental projects undergone by the respondents, showed the problems associated with their involvement and determined the men and women perceived benefits of their involvement. Data were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaire and were administered to 60 males and 60 females in 6 communities. A multi stage random sampling technique was employed in the selection of respondents and data analysis was by the use of SPSS. Some of the findings revealed that men were well involved and women were poorly involved in development projects. Majority of respondents were Christians, were not youths and married. All the respondents encountered one problem or the other during their involvement in rural developmental projects and at the same time perceived many benefits from their involvement. It was recommended among others, that women should be encouraged to be actively involved in physical development activities by giving them adequate recognition and attention so that they can have that sense of belonging. Government and non-governmental organization should introduce more gender responsive projects to rural areas, in order to ensure active and equal involvement of both men and women.

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