QUALITY OF FROZEN GREEN VEGETABLES BLANCHED IN FOUR CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIUM BICARBONATE

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY S. EHEART ◽  
DIANNE ODLAND
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Bicarbonate

The effect on egg shell quality of supplementing saline drinking water with sodium or ammonium bicarbonate

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Yoselewitz ◽  
D Zhang ◽  
D Balnave
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
The Town ◽  
Reduced Water

Supplementing the town water supply of laying hens with 600 mg sodium chloride (NaCl)/L significantly decreased egg shell quality and significantly increased the incidence of egg shell defects without affecting egg production and egg weight or food and water intakes. A smaller, but still significant, increase in egg shell defects was also observed with sodium bicarbonate (NHCO3) supplementation of town water. Ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) supplementation of town water had no significant effect on egg shell defects and, when added to drinking water containing NaCl, significantly reduced the incidence of shell defects. A smaller beneficial effect was observed when NHCO3was added to saline water. Ammonium bicarbonate, when added to saline drinking water at concentrations of 250 and 450 mg/L, reduced water intake, an effect not observed when these same supplements were added to town water. This suggests that the presence of NaCl in the water may affect kidney function so that the use of NH4HCO3may have limited value, especially at higher water salinities. Shell gland fluid composition was influenced less by treatment than by whether or not hens were laying eggs with defective shells.

RATION BISCUITS: I. FACTORS AFFECTING THE KEEPING QUALITY OF BISCUITS CONTAINING PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS

1945 ◽  
Vol 23f (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Jesse A. Pearce ◽  
J. B. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Fluorescence Measurement ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Term Storage

The storage life of biscuits was extended by maintaining a moisture content of 6% or less. From considerations of initial quality and of increased storage life sodium bicarbonate was superior to ammonium bicarbonate as a leavening agent, particularly at lower levels. By the same criteria, wheat germ appeared to be a more satisfactory source of protein than soy flour, dried skim milk, or dried egg yolk.Moisture-resistant packaging materials were found necessary to prevent mould growth and maintain edibility in biscuits stored at high humidities; however, biscuits so packed deteriorated at a faster rate at high temperatures. Tin-plate containers appeared to be the most effective for long term storage at high humidities, although Reynolds' metal A-10 with or without an inner liner was satisfactory for storage periods of about half a year.While none of the quality measurements used were completely reliable measures of biscuit quality, a fluorescence measurement assessed the effects of the various treatments in a relatively satisfactory manner.

scholarly journals Solvent-deficient synthesis of nanocrystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Zeljkovic ◽  
Jin Miyawaki ◽  
Dragoljub Vrankovic ◽  
Elena Tervoort ◽  
Roland Hauert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rapid Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Nitrates

Nanocrystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? powders were prepared by a cost-effective solvent-deficient method using metal nitrates and ammonium bicarbonate as precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface determination (BET), thermal analyses (TG-DTA-DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the effects of the calcination temperature on the Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? (BSCF) formation. XRD analysis showed that a cubic Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? was obtained after heating for 1 h at 1000?C. BSCF nanocrystals with a diameter of about 25 nm were obtained. On the other hand, the sample mass was stabilized at 915?C as recorded by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), indicating a formation of the complex BSCF oxide already at this temperature. The phase transformations during the synthesis of BSCF oxide are defined and confirmed with the note on the instability of the cubic phase. Using the four-point DC measurements between ?73?C and 127?C, the band gap of 0.84 eV was determined. The solvent-deficient method used in this study to synthesize Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? showed distinct advantages in comparison with other synthesis techniques considering simplicity, rapid synthesis, and quality of the produced nanocrystals.

scholarly journals Effect of Ammonium Bicarbonate on Intercalation and Exfoliation of Graphite Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhenzhu Yu ◽  
Fei Nan ◽  
Lu Su ◽  
Shaofei Zhang ◽  
Yan He
Keyword(s):  
Intercalation Compound ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Active Point ◽  
Graphite Intercalation ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Better Than

Intercalation and exfoliation are key steps in the preparation of graphene by thermal exfoliation, and they determine the quality of the final product. Therefore, it is important to explore the influence of intercalation agents on the intercalation and exfoliation of graphite. In this article, ammonium bicarbonate is intercalated into graphite with different degrees of oxidation to form a graphite intercalation compound (GIC) by means of ultrasound and stirring. Then, they are exfoliated by being heated at high temperatures. After ammonium bicarbonate intercalation and heating treatment, XRD, TG, and BET show that the intercalation and exfoliation effect of graphite oxide (GO) is better than that of graphite (G) and expanded graphite (EG). The intercalation mechanism is that the ammonia molecule in ammonium bicarbonate solution contains a wedge-shaped structure and active point, which provides empty orbits for graphite electrons and forms edge intercalation through physical interaction at the same time.

A Compact and Efficient Technology to Treat Tailings Water Characterized by High Alkalinity and Ca(II) and Pb(II) Concentration

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2278-2282
Author(s):  
Si Qing Liu ◽  
Xiong Tong ◽  
Bao Xu Song
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Neutralization Process

The tailings water of Luoba lead-zinc concentrator in Gansu China is characterized by high pH value and calcium oxide content, moreover, the concentration of lead ions, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand （BOD and COD） exceed the regulatory discharge standard. Studies on the combined use of ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) and LSQ (an innovative regent developed by Kunming University of Science and Technology) were conducted to treat the wastewater. Results show that the quality of treated tailings water by calcium removal-neutralization process can meet the regulatory discharge standard. Results show that the treated water can be reused for flotation, which helps to upgrade the quality of the concentrate and makes no difference with the fresh water used in the concentrator.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

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