7. Very Local Structure in Social Networks

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Faust
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Structural Configurations ◽  
Low Dimensional

Triadic configurations are fundamental to many social structural processes and provide the basis for a variety of social network theories and methodologies. This paper addresses the question of how much of the patterning of triads is accounted for by lower-order properties pertaining to nodes and dyads. The empirical base is a collection of 82 social networks representing a number of different species (humans, baboons, macaques, bison, cattle, goats, sparrows, caribou, and more) and an assortment of social relations (friendship, negative sentiments, choice of work partners, advice seeking, reported social interactions, victories in agonistic encounters, dominance, and co-observation). Methodology uses low dimensional representations of triad censuses for these social networks, as compared to censuses expected given four lower-order social network properties. Results show that triadic structure is largely accounted for by properties more local than triads: network density, nodal indegree and outdegree distributions, and the dyad census. These findings reinforce the observation that structural configurations that can be realized in empirical social networks are severely constrained by very local network properties, making some configurations extremely improbable.

scholarly journals The switching mechanisms of social network densification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruyoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Mathieu Génois
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Regime Switching ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Switching Property ◽  
Distinctive Type ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractDensification and sparsification of social networks are attributed to two fundamental mechanisms: a change in the population in the system, and/or a change in the chances that people in the system are connected. In theory, each of these mechanisms generates a distinctive type of densification scaling, but in reality both types are generally mixed. Here, we develop a Bayesian statistical method to identify the extent to which each of these mechanisms is at play at a given point in time, taking the mixed densification scaling as input. We apply the method to networks of face-to-face interactions of individuals and reveal that the main mechanism that causes densification and sparsification occasionally switches, the frequency of which depending on the social context. The proposed method uncovers an inherent regime-switching property of network dynamics, which will provide a new insight into the mechanics behind evolving social interactions.

scholarly journals Image and sport: exhibition of brazilian athletes on the instagram social network

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vivian de Oliveira ◽  
Ivan Wallan Tertuliano ◽  
José Maria Montiel ◽  
Daniel Bartholomeu ◽  
Afonso Antonio Machado
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
New Media ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Analysis Of The Images

Background: Social networks have changed the dynamics of society in communication, commercial and social relations, advertising, among others. In sports, this would not be different. Along with this, the new media open up new possibilities for exploration of the image of the athlete, since traditional media conduct different treatments for male and female athletes. Objective: To verify the posts made on Instagram by Brazilian athletes and to verify if there are differences related to the gender of the athletes in the contents posted. Methods: The subjects selected for this research were Brazilian athletes and medalists of the 2012 Summer Olympics. The data were obtained through the collection of the images that the athletes posted on the Instagram and after that, the analysis of the images were made with the use of a checklist created for that study. Results: The results indicated that male and female did not present differences between categories of posted images. The most common type of images posted are the images in which the athlete is present, in places related to their work and in moments of relaxation. It also highlights the fact that most of the images posted do not make any reference to the sponsorships of the athletes. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that male and female have the same behavior of photo posting on social networks. It is also observed that the potential of social networks for advertising is still little explored by Brazilian athletes. Due to the originality of this work and because it seems to be a very pertinent theme in the present day, it is suggested the extension of this study.

Motif Analysis and the Periodic Structural Changes in an Organizational Email-Based Social Network

2011 ◽  
pp. 292-302
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Juszczyszyn ◽  
Katarzyna Musial
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Network Motifs ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
E Mail

Network motifs are small subgraphs that reflect local network topology and were shown to be useful for creating profiles that reveal several properties of the network. In this work the motif analysis of the e-mail network of the Wroclaw University of Technology, consisting of over 4000 nodes was conducted. Temporal changes in the network structure during the period of 20 months were analysed and the correlations between global structural parameters of the network and motif distribution were found. These results are to be used in the development of methods dedicated for fast estimating of the properties of complex internet-based social networks.

Determinants of user behaviour and recommendation in social networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 1477-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Curras-Perez ◽  
Carla Ruiz-Mafe ◽  
Silvia Sanz-Blas
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Uses And Gratifications ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Uses And Gratifications Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants of social network use behaviour using Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Uses and Gratifications Theory. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative study was carried out with data gathered by personal interview using a structured questionnaire. Relationships proposed in the theoretical model were estimated through structural equation models. In total, 811 users of social networks over 14 and residents in Spain were part of the sample. Findings – Results indicate that use attitude and the subjective norm, both TPB variables, directly and significantly influence social network loyalty. Thus, network loyalty can be achieved if the individual shows a favourable attitude towards use and receives positive feed-back (comments, opinions, etc.) from friends, acquaintances and other individuals in their environment. Perceived control has no influence on social network loyalty. Finally, this research highlights the importance of socialisation and entertainment as antecedents of social network attitude. Research limitations/implications – Social network use has been analysed globally and database includes users with very different profiles (e.g. Facebook and Tuenti) what may skew the results. Practical implications – Individuals access social networks to establish social links with friends/family/acquaintances, seeking entertainment and fun, but they are never used to be fashionable or up-to-date. Given the importance of social relations, companies should motivate participation elements in their social networks profiles. Originality/value – The paper presents a model that explains the formation of loyal social network customers, integrating TPB and Uses and Gratifications Theory to enable understanding of the role of these networks in individuals’ lives.

scholarly journals A multi-species repository of social networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratha Sah ◽  
José David Méndez ◽  
Shweta Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

AbstractSocial network analysis is an invaluable tool to understand the patterns, evolution, and consequences of sociality. Comparative studies over the spectrum of sociality across taxonomic groups are particularly valuable. Such studies however require quantitative information on social interactions across multiple species which is not easily available. We introduce the Animal Social Network Repository (ASNR) as the first multi-taxonomic repository that collates more than 650 social networks from 47 species, including those of mammals, reptiles, fish, birds, and insects. The repository was created by consolidating social network datasets from the literature on wild and captive animals into a consistent and easy-to-use network data format. The repository is archived at https://bansallab.github.io/asnr/. ASNR has tremendous research potential, including testing hypotheses in the fields of animal ecology, social behavior, epidemiology and evolutionary biology.

scholarly journals Standardized Methods of Assessment of Individual’s Social Network in Social Work and Psychological Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Theoretical Overview

This article is a theoretical overview of the main standardized techniques for assessment of the social relations of the individual. The study of these techniques allows professionals to get the basic information about the microsocial environment of people. Theoretical analysis shows that the study of the social network of an individual involves the analysis of its structure, composition and function of its components. Described and analyzed the most common techniques for assessment of human social networks - "Name generator", "Drawing a social network", "Inventory of Social Network" (K. Bartholomew), "Social Networks Inventory " (Treadwell T. and co.), "Social Network Index "( L. Berkman, S. Syme), "Social Network List" (B. Hirsch, J. Stokes). Separately, the method of drawing up clients structured diary and method network card are shown.

scholarly journals Associations between social network properties and metabolic syndrome and the mediating effect of physical activity: findings from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001272
Author(s):  
Kwanghyun Kim ◽  
Sun Jae Jung ◽  
Jong Min Baek ◽  
Hyeon Woo Yim ◽  
Hyunsuk Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Network Properties

IntroductionSocial isolation and loneliness are positively associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanisms by which social isolation affects metabolic syndrome are not well understood.Research design and methodsThis study was designed as a cross-sectional study of baseline results from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) Cohort. We included 10 103 participants (8097 community-based low-risk participants, 2006 hospital-based high-risk participants) from the CMERC Cohort. Participants aged 65 years or older were excluded. Multiple imputation by chained equations was applied to impute missing variables. The quantitative properties of social networks were assessed by measuring the ‘size of social networks’; qualitative properties were assessed by measuring the ‘social network closeness’. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess association between social network properties and metabolic syndrome. The mediating effects of physical inactiveness, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms were estimated. Age-specific effect sizes were estimated for each subgroup.ResultsA smaller social network was positively associated with higher prevalences of metabolic syndrome in all subgroups, except the high-risk male subgroup. There was no clear association between social network closeness and metabolic syndrome. In community-based participants, an indirect effect through physical activity was detected in both sexes; however, in hospital-based participants, no indirect effects were detected. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and depression did not mediate the association. Age-specific estimates showed that the indirect effect through physical activity had a greater impact in older participants.ConclusionsA smaller social network is positively associated with metabolic syndrome. This trend could be partially explained by physical inactivity, especially in older individuals.

scholarly journals Edge overlap in weighted and directed social networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Heather Mattie ◽  
Jukka-Pekka Onnela
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Directed Networks ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Social Network Data ◽  
Structure Strength ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean

Abstract With the increasing availability of behavioral data from diverse digital sources, such as social media sites and cell phones, it is now possible to obtain detailed information about the structure, strength, and directionality of social interactions in varied settings. While most metrics of network structure have traditionally been defined for unweighted and undirected networks only, the richness of current network data calls for extending these metrics to weighted and directed networks. One fundamental metric in social networks is edge overlap, the proportion of friends shared by two connected individuals. Here, we extend definitions of edge overlap to weighted and directed networks and present closed-form expressions for the mean and variance of each version for the Erdős–Rényi random graph and its weighted and directed counterparts. We apply these results to social network data collected in rural villages in southern Karnataka, India. We use our analytical results to quantify the extent to which the average overlap of the empirical social network deviates from that of corresponding random graphs and compare the values of overlap across networks. Our novel definitions allow the calculation of edge overlap for more complex networks, and our derivations provide a statistically rigorous way for comparing edge overlap across networks.

scholarly journals Social Ties and Network Structure

Management ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Ansari ◽  
Dalhia Mani
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Management Journal ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Social

The field of social networks focuses on the relationships among social actors, and on patterns that emerge from the structure of the social network and its implications (Wasserman and Faust’s Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications). Social network research argues that actors (e.g., individuals or firms) are embedded within a network of relations, and that their behavior and choices cannot be studied independent of the social relations that shape and structure behavior. Social network perspective views relations among the social actors as ties and regular patterns in relationship as structure. Ties are the relational linkages that allow flow of resources between the actors, both tangible and intangible. Multiple actors form a web of relational ties, which can be either economic, social, or political. Networks can be of different types based on the content of the relational tie between the actors. For instance, collaboration ties between actors make a collaboration network or a co-author relation between actors makes a co-authorship network. Networks can also be at different levels of analysis—for instance, an intraorganizational friendship network is at the level of individuals while a network of intercountry trade relations is at the level of country. Ties between actors can be of different strengths (for instance, friends who meet daily versus once a year) and can also be negative or positive ties (e.g., competition networks versus collaboration networks). This article summarizes the latest research on social ties and network structure by focusing on the main thematic discussions in the field: (1) networks and strategic, governance behavior; (2) workplace networks; (3) collaboration and knowledge networks; (4) networks, personality, and individual differences; (5) entrepreneurial and family business networks; and (6) networks and social media. To ensure a comprehensive review of the topic, the article used search keywords, “networks,” or “network structure,” or “social networks,” or “social ties,” and was limited to articles in the top fourteen management journals, namely: Academy of Management Journal, Strategic Management Journal, Organization Science, Management Science, American Journal of Sociology, American Sociological Review, Administrative Science Quarterly, Academy of Management Review, Journal of Management Studies, Journal of Business Venturing, and Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. The search was further limited to the six-year period from 2014–2019, since previous articles on organizational networks and brokerage in Oxford Bibliographies have summarized the research in this domain prior to 2014.

scholarly journals Y, si piden por la radio es porque algún defecto tienen. El valor de las redes en el mundo laboral de los trabajadores rurales temporarios

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Blanco ◽  
Dora Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Network Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

En este trabajo se busca analizar los diferentes lazos que utilizan los distintos trabajadores para construir su intermitente inserción laboral en el mercado de trabajo rural. El concepto de red resulta útil para el estudio de relaciones sociales que tienen la particularidad de ser dinámicas, intermitentes y no necesariamente limitadas a un tiempo, una dirección o un espacio. Desde este punto de vista podemos privilegiar la mirada sobre las relaciones sociales más que sobre las características particulares de los individuos y de su posición en la sociedad en su conjunto.Sobre la base de un trabajo de campo realizado en el Valle de Uco (Mendoza, Argentina) observamos que las distintas redes nos ayudan a explicar las relaciones sociales desplegadas en el mundo del trabajo.Palabras claves: Trabajadores temporarios. Relaciones sociales. Redes sociales. Y, si piden por la radio es porque algún defecto tienen. The importance of the social networks in the world of temporary rural workers. Abstract This paper seeks to analyze different links used by temporary rural workers to build their employability. The network concept is useful to study social relations that have the particularity of being dynamic, intermittent and not necessarily limited to one time, address or space. From this point of view we favor the use of a social relations perspective, rather than one based on the particular characteristics of individuals and their position in the society as a whole.Based on fieldwork conducted in the Valle de Uco (Mendoza, Argentina), we find that networks help to explain social relations unfolded in the world of labor.Keywords: Temporary rural workers. Social relations. Social network.

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