New Hope for Victims of Prison Sexual Assault

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Samia Mair ◽  
Shannon Frattaroli ◽  
Stephen P. Teret
Keyword(s):  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Prison Rape ◽  
Prison Rape Elimination Act ◽  
President Bush ◽  
Unanimous Consent

Senate Bill 1435, the “Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003,” was introduced into the Senate on July 21, 2003, and in less than a week passed both the Senate and House by unanimous consent. The Bill was presented to President Bush on September 2, 2003, and he signed it two days later on September 4, 2003. The stated purposes of the Act are far-reaching and ambitious:(1)establish a zero-tolerance standard for the incidence of prison rape in prisons in the United States;(2)make the prevention of prison rape a top priority in each prison system;(3)develop and implement national standards For the detection, prevention, reduction, and punishment of prison rape;(4)increase the available data and information on the incidence of prison rape, consequently improving the management and administration of correctional facilities;(5)standardize the definitions used for collecting data on the incidence of prison rape;

Vera and the Prison Rape Elimination Act

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Tara Graham ◽  
Allison Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
National Standards ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Prison Rape ◽  
Prison Rape Elimination Act ◽  
Original Goal ◽  
The Creation

In 2003, Congress unanimously passed the landmark Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA). The legislation established a zero-tolerance standard for sexual abuse in U.S. correctional facilities. Implicitly, PREA recognized that sending individuals to facilities where sexual abuse is tolerated is equal to the imposition of a greater—and unintended—punishment. PREA also called for the creation of a national commission to study the causes and consequences of sexual abuse in confinement and to issue national standards for preventing, detecting, responding to, and monitoring such abuse. The Commissioners believe that standard compliance will result in achieving PREA's original goal: the protection of incarcerated individuals from sexual abuse.

scholarly journals Impact of Prison Rape on Public Health

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dyan McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Prison Rape ◽  
Prison Rape Elimination Act

One of the most significant threats to the health of incarcerated persons is prison rape. Through such acts, communicable diseases are spread and physical and mental injuries are inflicted. This article evaluates the evidence regarding the extent to which prison rape occurs in both men and women’s correctional facilities in the United States. It also discusses how prison rape jeopardizes public health by exposing the community to disease, brutalized inmates who are likely to have become more violent as a result of their victimization, and the cancer of racism. Current efforts to deal with the prison rape problem, particularly the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 are explored. Policy recommendations, including the adoption of “no-drop” policies for prosecutors’ officers dealing with prison rape cases are proposed and discussed.

An Analysis of Statutes Criminalizing Correctional Officer Sexual Misconduct With Inmates

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Kowalski ◽  
Xiaohan Mei ◽  
John R. Turner ◽  
Mary K. Stohr ◽  
Craig Hemmens
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Correctional Officer ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Correctional Staff ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Prison Rape ◽  
Prison Rape Elimination Act ◽  
Correctional Systems ◽  
Sexually Victimized

The 2003 Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) mandates that U.S. state correctional systems regulate and reduce staff-on-inmate sexual misconduct in state correctional facilities. As data on correctional officer sexual misconduct are limited and its legal definition varies across states, this study utilized statutory analysis to document how staff sexual misconduct is defined and how it is punished across state correctional systems. The most notable finding is that although all 50 states have statutes designed to protect incarcerated persons from being sexually victimized by correctional staff, they are far from uniform.

Rural Sociology: Some Inter-American Aspects

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowry Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural Sociology ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Land Fragmentation ◽  
The Social

Rural sociology had its origin and growth as an academic discipline in the United States. The other social sciences—including general sociology, economics, political science, anthropology and historiography—were mainly imported from Europe and the British Isles. Rural sociology, however, was a United States “export” both to Europe and to Latin America.This inverse process of diffusion deserves a brief explanation. Why did Rural sociology not originate in Europe? And, conversely, why did it take root in the United States? To answer the first question we may cite the following factors:1.During the latter part of the nineteenth century when the social conditions of rural people in the United States were critical, Europe was relatively stable. The peasant revolts of the earlier centuries had faded into history, feudalism, in its worst features at least, was no more. There were still agrarian problems, of course, including land fragmentation, but they were not serious enough to cause widespread unrest. Moreover, the restless ones were free to migrate to the New World. Europe, in short, was in the happy condition of being able to export its “problem” mainly to the United States.

Preventing Suicide in Detention and Correctional Facilities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Canning ◽  
Joel A. Dvoskin
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Essential Components

This essay describes and critiques suicide-prevention strategies in prison, including the extent to which screening and prevention programs are used in the United States. The epidemiology of suicide and suicide attempts in both jails and prisons is reviewed, with discussions of differences in suicide risk by demographic factors, individual risk and suicide protective factors, and contextual factors. A cross-section of legal cases leading to the establishment of a legal basis for suicide prevention in US correctional facilities is provided, followed by an overview of current national standards and best practice guidelines for preventing inmate suicides. The essential components of correctional suicide-prevention strategies are described and critiqued, including core values at the center of these strategies, aspects of most effective systems management, and evidenced-based clinical care. Finally, special considerations for different types of confinement settings are described.

President Trump Issues Executive Order Keeping the Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp Open

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-329
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Guantanamo Bay ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
Detention Facilities

On January 30, 2018, President Trump signed Executive Order 13,823, directing officials to keep the Guantánamo Bay detention camp open and permitting additional detainees to be transported to the facility. In announcing his decision during the State of the Union address to Congress, Trump stated, “I am asking Congress to ensure that, in the fight against ISIS and Al Qaida, we continue to have all necessary power to detain terrorists … . And in many cases, for them, it will now be Guantánamo Bay.” Section 2 of the order provides: (a)Section 3 of Executive Order 13492 of January 22, 2009 …, ordering the closure of detention facilities at U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay, is hereby revoked.(b)Detention operations at U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay shall continue to be conducted consistent with all applicable United States and international law, including the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005.(c)In addition, the United States may transport additional detainees to U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay when lawful and necessary to protect the Nation.

Radar in Ships of the United States Lines

1949 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
A. H. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Service Contract ◽  
The Road

AbstractThis paper described how 53 ships of the United States Lines had been fitted with 10 cm. radar and how instructions for maintenance and operation were given by the Company and the manufacturers of the equipment. Instruction in its use is given by a representative of the manufacturer, and subsequently minor adjustments and fuse replacements are made on board, all other maintenance being done under service contract in port.General instructions sent by the Marine Superintendent to the Master of each vessel fitted stressed the following points:i. For the present the equipment is to be regarded solely as a collisionwarning device.ii. The installation in no way relieves the Master from conforming to the Rule of the Road or any Pilot Rules.iii. A complete radar log in which maintenance and operational work are recorded should be kept.iv. Deck officers should acquaint themselves with the use of the equipment and should be encouraged to read the manufacturer's descriptive and operational booklet.

Solar Corona Investigation by the Coronal Line Photometer at Lomnický Peak

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
M. Minarovjech ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
High Time ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Coronal Line ◽  
Global Cycle

AbstractThis paper deals with a possibility to use the ground-based method of observation in order to solve basic problems connected with the solar corona research. Namely:1.heating of the solar corona2.course of the global cycle in the corona3.rotation of the solar corona and development of active regions.There is stressed a possibility of high-time resolution of the coronal line photometer at Lomnický Peak coronal station, and use of the latter to obtain crucial observations.

The LDE-Type Flare Occurrence (1969-1993)

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
A. Antalová
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Cycle Maximum ◽  
Flare Index

AbstractThe occurrence of LDE-type flares in the last three cycles has been investigated. The Fourier analysis spectrum was calculated for the time series of the LDE-type flare occurrence during the 20-th, the 21-st and the rising part of the 22-nd cycle. LDE-type flares (Long Duration Events in SXR) are associated with the interplanetary protons (SEP and STIP as well), energized coronal archs and radio type IV emission. Generally, in all the cycles considered, LDE-type flares mainly originated during a 6-year interval of the respective cycle (2 years before and 4 years after the sunspot cycle maximum). The following significant periodicities were found:• in the 20-th cycle: 1.4, 2.1, 2.9, 4.0, 10.7 and 54.2 of month,• in the 21-st cycle: 1.2, 1.6, 2.8, 4.9, 7.8 and 44.5 of month,• in the 22-nd cycle, till March 1992: 1.4, 1.8, 2.4, 7.2, 8.7, 11.8 and 29.1 of month,• in all interval (1969-1992):a)the longer periodicities: 232.1, 121.1 (the dominant at 10.1 of year), 80.7, 61.9 and 25.6 of month,b)the shorter periodicities: 4.7, 5.0, 6.8, 7.9, 9.1, 15.8 and 20.4 of month.Fourier analysis of the LDE-type flare index (FI) yields significant peaks at 2.3 - 2.9 months and 4.2 - 4.9 months. These short periodicities correspond remarkably in the all three last solar cycles. The larger periodicities are different in respective cycles.

Discussion following the presentation by F. Deubner

1977 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Keyword(s):  
List Type ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Harmonic Motion ◽  
Locally Excited ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Coherent Wave ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Global Modes

The discussion was separated into 3 different topics according to the separation made by the reviewer between the different periods of waves observed in the sun :1) global modes (long period oscillations) with predominantly radial harmonic motion.2) modes with large coherent - wave systems but not necessarily global excitation (300 s oscillation).3) locally excited - short period waves.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document