INVESTIGATION OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PALM OIL BIOLUBRICANT MODIFIED NANOPARTICLES

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zulfadhli Shaari ◽  
N. R. Nik Roselina ◽  
Salmiah Kasolang ◽  
Koay Mei Hyie ◽  
Mardziah Che Murad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Ultrasonic Technique ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Weight Percentage

The performance of a biolubricant especially palm oil is well known to be lower than a mineral oil lubricant. Due to a huge demand towards sustainability, it is extremely important to make an effort for biolubricant to be competitive at the same shelf as the mineral oil in the world’s lubricants market. In this study, tribological properties of the palm oil biolubricant modified with Titanium Oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as additives were investigated. Palm oil biolubricant with TiO2 nanoparticles at weight ratios of 0 to 0.2 wt% were mixed using an ultrasonic technique. The viscosity of biolubricant modified additives was conducted using standard of ASTMD445. The tribological behavior was investigated using a four-ball tribotester. Results indicate that the viscosities of samples increased as the weight percentage of the TiO2 nanoadditives increased for both 40°C and 100°C temperatures Sample of lubricant with 0.1% wt of the TiO2 nanoadditives produced the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) and wear scar diameter. 

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Minyak Kelapa dan Sawit Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Tribologi Pelumas SAE 40

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dedison Gasni ◽  
KM Abdul Razak ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan ◽  
Muhammad Arif
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari penambahan minyak kelapa dan sawit terhadap sifat fisik dan tribologi pelumas SAE 40. Vegetabel oil, seperti; minyak kelapa dan sawit, memiliki nilai viskositas indek yang tinggi dan sifat pelumasan yang baik terutama didaerah boundary lubrication jika dibandingkan dengan mineral oil (SAE 40). Hal ini disebabkan karena vegetabel oil memiliki kandungan fatty acids yang tidak dimiliki oleh mineral oil. Keunggulan lain dari minyak kelapa dan sawit adanya sifat yang ramah lingkungan karena mudah terurai di alam dan dapat diperbaharui. Pada penelitian ini sifat yang baik dari minyak kelapa dan sawit ini akan dimanfaatkan sebagai zat aditif pada minyak pelumas SAE 40. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap sifat fisik dan tribology dengan penambahan 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% berat dari minyak kelapa dan sawit ke dalam minyak pelumas SAE 40. Pengujian sifat fisik terdiri dari pengukuran viskositas pada temperatur 400C dan 1000C dan viskositas index. Pengujian sifat tribologi untuk menentukan keausan dan koefisien gesek berdasarkan ASTM G99 dengan menggunakan alat uji pin on disk. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa dengan penambahan minyak kelapa dan sawit kedalam minyak pelumas SAE 40 terjadi peningkatan viskositas indeks. Peningkatan viskositas indeks sebanyak  17% dengan penambahan 20% minyak sawit. Terjadi perubahan sifat tribologi dengan penambahan minyak sawit, berupa penurunan keausan dan nilai koefisien gesek dibandingkan dengan penambahan minyak kelapa. This study aims to determine the effect of coconut and palm oils as additives to physical and tribological properties of SAE 40 lubricating oil . Vegetable oils, such as; coconut oil and palm oil, have high viscosity index and good lubrication properties, especially in boundary lubrication compared to mineral oil. This is due to vegetable oil having fatty acids that are not owned by mineral oil. The advantages of coconut oil and palm oil are environmentally friendly properties because they are biodegradable and renewable. In this study, the good properties of coconut and palm oils will be used as additives in SAE 40 lubricating oil. Tests are carried out on the physical and tribological properties with the addition of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of coconut and palm oils into SAE 40 lubricating oil. Physical properties testing consists of measuring viscosity at temperatures of 400C and 1000C and viscosity index. The tribological test is to determine wear and coefficient of friction based on ASTM G99 using a pin on disc test equipment. From the test results,  it was found that coconut and palm oils as additives into SAE 40 lubricating oil could increase in viscosity index. The increase of  the viscosity index was 17% by adding 20% of palm oil. There was a change of tribological properties in the form of decreasing on the wear and the coefficient of friction with the addition of palm oil compare to addition of coconut oil.

The Use of Tertiary-Butyl-Hydroquinone (TBHQ) in Minimizing Oxidation Effects on Palm Oil Based Lubricant Using Four Ball Tribotester

2016 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Paiman Zulhanafi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Anti Oxidant

The extended uses of mineral oil based lubricant have continuously troubling the global environment issues. The remaining mineral oil resources also being the most debated issues in renewable energy conferences. Vegetable oils are still offering the highest possibility in replacing the mineral oil resources. This research is concerning on how to eliminate one of the disabilities found in palm oil based lubricant which is oxidation. Palm oil possessed unsaturated double bond in which susceptible to oxidation process. The simplest approach is to blend the palm oil based with anti – oxidant agent homogenously. This research was conducted using double fractionated palm oil (SPL) as lubricant and Tertiary-Butyl-Hydroquinone (TBHQ) as anti – oxidant agent to determine the tribology behavior including the coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter and the surface roughness profile. The experiment was also conducted using four-ball tribotester by following ASTM D4172B standard. Superior Mineral Engine Oil (EO) was used as comparison. The results found that SPL+TBHQ was able to reduce the coefficient of friction and provided lower surface roughness value. However it was unable to minimize the mean wear scar diameter compared to EO. The physical appearances of wear worn are also being observed in this research.

Experimental investigation on the tribological properties of modified carbon nanotubes as the additive in castor oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-505
Author(s):  
Shanhua Qian ◽  
Hongyue Wang ◽  
Chuanhui Huang ◽  
Yongwu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modified Carbon Nanotubes

Purpose This paper aims to modify carbon nanotubes with oleic acid, and to study the tribological properties of castor oil with modified carbon nanotubes additives. The proper additives are sought for the future engineering application of castor oil. Design/methodology/approach Tribological properties of the castor oils mixed with the modified carbon nanotubes of four mass percentages were investigated using a four-ball testing rig. Coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter were obtained in each test, and the mechanism of modified carbon nanotubes and castor oil was discussed. Findings The results indicated that modified carbon nanotubes had better dispersion in castor oil. Coefficient of friction first increased, then decreased and finally grew stable with the time, and wear scar diameter of steel surface functioned as a first reduced then increased change with the additive mass percentage of modified carbon nanotubes. The minimum of average coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter occurred at 0.02 Wt.% modified carbon nanotubes. Originality/value A small amount of modified carbon nanotubes could improve properties of the castor oil, and the mixed castor oil with 0.02 Wt.% modified carbon nanotubes would be most possibly used in engineering applications.

Effect of Ceramic and Metallic Reinforcement on Mechanical, Corrosion, and Tribological Behavior of Aluminum Composite by Adopting Design of Experiment Through Taguchi Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sureshkumar ◽  
V. C. Uvaraja
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Aluminum Composite ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Fixed Weight ◽  
Metallic Reinforcement ◽  
The Impact

An attempt has been made to develop and study the properties and behavior of structure-based aluminum composite. Aluminum (AA6063)-based composites were fabricated by stir casting technique (also known as liquid metallurgy route) by varying weight percentage of metallic-based copper nitrate Cu (NO3)2 with fixed proposition of ceramic-based silicon nitride (Si3N4) reinforcement. The mechanical and corrosion properties and tribological behavior of composite were studied. Further, the sample microstructure and characterizations were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The composite with fixed weight proportion of ceramic and higher metallic reinforced samples shows higher tensile strength, improved corrosion resistance, and higher hardness behavior. Due to higher hardness nature, the tribological properties of composite such as wear rate and coefficient of friction have been reduced. Moreover, the impact strength of composite decreased due to combination of ceramic and metallic reinforcement. In addition to the above study, design of experiment (DOE) was adopted to optimize the major wear test parameters such as percentage of reinforcement, applied load, sliding distance, and sliding speed. Finally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to identify the most significant test parameter and its interaction affecting wear behavior and its coefficient of friction of composite sample.

Green Ester Lubricants Based on Rapeseed Acid and their Lubricity

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 988-992
Author(s):  
De Zhong Liao ◽  
Jie Yu He ◽  
Li Xin Mao ◽  
Yi Xue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Phthalic Anhydride ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Neopentyl Glycol ◽  
Synthetic Ester ◽  
Complex Ester

Several complex esters were synthesized from phthalic anhydride, neopentyl glycol and rapeseed acid. Their rheological properties, biodegradability and tribological properties were measured. It was found that the complex esters have a wide viscosity range of 126~325mm2/s at 40°C with viscosity indices about 127~143, and solidifying points lower than-38°C. The maximum non seizure load of a complex ester with degree of polymerization 1.42 is as high as 735 N, with a wear scar diameter of 0.41mm, superior to mineral oil. The biodegradation rates are higher than 73%, and the thermal stability is good. So these complex esters are a class of green synthetic ester oils with excellent properties.

Analyses of Tribological Properties of Castor Oil With Various Carbonaceous Micro- and Nano-Friction Modifiers

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubrajit Bhaumik ◽  
Shubhabrata Datta ◽  
S. D. Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Friction Modifiers ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Antiwear Properties ◽  
Percentage Basis

The present work investigates the tribological properties of castor oil with various carbonaceous friction modifiers (nano and microsize additives) assessed using four-ball tester as per ASTM D 4172 and ASTM D 2783. Castor oil has been chosen because of its high viscosity and ease of availability. Graphite, multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and multilayered graphene are used as friction modifiers (FMs) in castor oil on weight percentage basis. Significant enhancements of tribological properties with a certain level of concentration of friction modifiers have been observed. The surface features of the tested balls were analyzed using a three-dimensional noncontact type profilometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive system (EDS). Decrease in surface roughness indicated better antiwear properties in case of nanofriction modifiers-based castor oil as compared to micrographite-based and neat castor oil (NCO). In order to assess the suitability of castor oil as a replacement for mineral oil, the results of castor oil samples are also compared with commercially available mineral oil. The tribological properties of castor oil are found to be competitive and generally superior to the mineral gear oil. The data generated are used to develop a neural network model to map the input–output correlation.

Tribological properties of pyrolytic carbon in high-speed tests

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
V. A. Khorev ◽  
V. I. Rumyantsev ◽  
G. A. Ponomarenko ◽  
A. S. Osmakov ◽  
V. N. Fischev
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Friction Units ◽  
The Difference

The friction units of modern power turbines require the use of special materials with a stable and low coefficient of friction in extreme conditions. The most successfully used for these purposes are antifriction carbon-graphite materials, in particular isotropic pyrolytic carbon. It is established that isotropic pyrolytic carbon has a lower friction coefficient and wear rate than ATG-S antifriction graphite. Based on the analysis of the microstructure and fractograms of wear traces, it was suggested that the difference in the tribological behavior of materials is caused by various mechanisms of material destruction. It is also shown that isotropic pyrolytic carbon tends to decrease the wear rate and friction coefficient with increasing density. Ill. 7. Ref. 10. Tab. 1.

scholarly journals The Effects of Palm Oil with Nanoclay Additive in Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Lubrication

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5936-5942
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Nano Clay ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

In the present study, palm oil has been tested to study its capability as a lubricant to replace commercial mineral oil. To enrich the performance, nanoparticles additives were added. Previous studies proved that by adding the small size of additives into lubricating oil can lessen the friction and improve anti-wear properties. In this research, the size of the nanoparticle used was below 20nm. Four ball tester following ASTM D4072-94 was conducted to determine the optimum concentration of palm oil bio-lubricant with Nano-clay additive ranged from 0.02% to 0.08%wt. The results discovered that 0.04wt% of Nano-clay additive added into palm oil was the optimum concentration of the lubricant with the coefficient of friction 0.081, which recorded 16% reduction as compared to mineral oil (20W-40) – the reference lubricant. It also shows good anti-wear ability which the wear scar diameter was improved by 32%. The oil was then tested in journal bearing to characterize the hydrodynamic lubrication properties. The properties that have been observed were the coefficient of friction, pressure profile and temperature profile. The results showed that modified palm oil with Nano-clay provided better performance with low coefficient of friction (reduced more than 50% as compared to mineral oil) and also temperature profile (reduced up to 20% compared to mineral oil). As for the pressure profile, even slightly higher pressure recorded for palm oil due to lower viscosity, yet the pressure was improved with the presence of Nano-clay additive. In overall, it had been proven that palm oil with Nano-clay additive shows massive potential as an alternative lubricant to the same range with the current industrial mineral oil.

Modifications Required for Palm Oil to be Qualified as a Mechanical Lubricant

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sharil Yahayaa ◽  
Nurliyana Abdul Raof ◽  
Zulkifli Ibrahim ◽  
Azniza Ahmad ◽  
Chandima Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Nano Additives ◽  
Dialkyl Dithiophosphate

Adaptation of apt chemical modifications and incorporation of suitable additives, especially, nano-additives, could improve the properties of bio-lubricants derived from palm oil. This makes it one of the best alternatives to mineral oil lubricants. Possible chemical modifications are hydrogenation, esterification/ transesterification, epoxidation and metathesis. Feasible additives and nano-additives available in the market for minimizing the drawbacks of palm oil as a lubricant are ionic liquids, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, metal, metal oxides, metal sulphides, carbonates, borates, carbon materials, organic materials, hexagonal boron nitride, alumina, CaO, CuO, ZnO, TiO2 and lanthanum borates. Few of them may not be environmental friendly. In line with market potentials and demand, it could be predicted that ROI of funding for the research and development of palm oil as a bio-lubricant may be significantly high. The study addresses tribological performance and properties, chemical modifications and formulation with additives of palm oil as a bio-lubricant.

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