scholarly journals The world population and its expected future evolution

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Prášilová ◽  
Pavla Hošková
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Smoothing Methods ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Adaptive Procedures ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Population Numbers

Population numbers on Planet Earth grow steadily. The most rapid increase took place over the 20th century when the number of world population rose from 1.6 billion up to 6 billion. Demographic revolution affect the process of changes. The paper has paid attention to the relationship between natality and mortality in various parts of the world. It indicates the differing behaviour in the African countries where the demographic revolution has not been finished so far. Population numbers on the Planet Earth are being forecast for 2050 applying the exponential smoothing methods. The outcomes of statistical procedures are being compared with the UN prognoses and they do not indicate large differences in confidence intervals predictions. The adaptive procedures selected have been found suitable and satisfying for the population numbers forecasting purposes. Most rapidly the population of Africa numbers will grow until 2050, the number of Europeans will cover 7.55 % of the world population only.

Gender Ideology and Fertility: Evidence for a Curvilinear Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U- shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e. primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located. Traditional beliefs are linked to a complementary division of private versus public sphere between sexes, while egalitarian attitudes are associated with a more equitable division. Both conditions strengthen fertility. Instead, as in the transition phase, intermediate levels of gender ideology’s support are associated with an overload and a difficult reconciliation of the roles that women have to embody (i.e. working and nurturing) so reducing fertility. The present study has contributed to the literature by addressing the inconsistencies of prior research by demonstrating that the relationship between gender ideology and fertility rates is curvilinear rather than linear.

LEXICO-SEMANTIC AND STYLISTIC IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VALUES IN ADMINISTRATIVE DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
YANKINA ELENA V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Categories ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
The Relationship

This article is devoted to identifying and describing the main lexical-semantic and stylistic ways of implementing the values in dialogical communication of the basic pair "manager-subordinate". The paper describes the fundamental categories of axiology "value" and "evaluation", also shows the relationship between values and evaluation. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the anthropocentric approach of modern linguistic research, as well as by the existing need to supplement with one more descriptive fragment of the world value picture with the linguistic analysis of the actualized values in administrative discourse. The identification of the main lexical-semantic and stylistic ways of implementing values is carried out on the basis of dialogical communication between the manager and subordinates, examples of which are taken from the colloquial speech, as well as Russian fiction of the second half of the 20th century. In the study the author concludes that in the administrative discourse, values as well as anti-values (as opposition) are lexically actualized by means of certain nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, and also adverbs. As for the stylistic ways of actualizing values, we include interrogative, exclamatory sentences, anaphora, and imperative among them.

scholarly journals Rethinking the message of the church in the 21st century: An amalgamation between science and religion

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk G. Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Theological Training

Throughout its history, Christianity has stood in a dichotomous relation to the various philosophical movements or eras (pre-modernism, modernism, postmodernism and post-postmodernism) that took on different faces throughout history. In each period, it was the sciences that influenced, to a great extent, the interpretation and understanding of the Bible. Christianity, however, was not immune to influences, specifically those of the Western world. This essay reflects briefly on this dichotomy and the influence of Bultmann’s demythologising of the kerygma during the 20th century. Also, the remythologising (Vanhoozer) of the church’s message as proposed for the 21st century no more satisfies the critical Christian thinkers. The relationship between science and religion is revisited, albeit from a different perspective as established over the past two decades as to how the sciences have been pointed out more and more to complement theology. This article endeavours to evoke the church to consider the fundamental contributions of the sciences and how it is going to incorporate the sciences into its theological training and message to the world.

scholarly journals The Effect of Demographic Transition on Savings, Investment, and Capital Flows

2020 ◽  
Vol 006 (03) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Misnilawaty Sidabutar
Keyword(s):  
Current Account ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Population ◽  
Second Demographic Transition ◽  
Current Account Surplus ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The world population, as well as Indonesia, is aging and this demographic transition influences saving, investment, and capital flows. By looking at data from 1973 to 2017, this paper finds two things. First, the relationship between age groups and saving exhibits the inverted U-shape, but only old dependency impact negatively on investment based on 104 countries’ data. The capital flows represented by current account is deficit in the young dependency, but surplus in the old dependency. Second, demographic transition in Indonesia induced an increase in savings by a higher rate than investment and caused current account surplus in this period.

scholarly journals On the frontline—Sustainability and development research amidst the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gatto ◽  
Carlo Drago ◽  
Matteo Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
World Population ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Health Vulnerability ◽  
The World ◽  
Framework Development ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract COVID-19 outbreak has exposed the world population to a condition of unprecedented public health and global health vulnerability. Preliminary and projected consequences have exhibited their harmfulness for socio-economic, environmental and political systems. In this framework, development and sustainability turn focal policy targets to limit the humanitarian and ecosystems impacts of the pandemic and stimulate mitigation, preparedness and adaptation to change. This work aims at furnishing a prompt array of key tools to analyse, comprehend and disentangle the sketched issues. For this scope, it is conducted a bibliometric analysis for depicting and mapping the early scholarship response on the relationship between the 2019 Coronavirus, sustainability and development within the pandemics discourse. The research finds a relevant bulk of early publications and geographical insights, principally published on environmental and economic policy, global and public health journals by US, UK, Chinese and Italian scholars. Exploiting a multiple correspondence analysis and a validated cluster analysis, the investigation detects a conceptual structural map made up of clusters of issues – environmental health, socio-economic and medical/technical topics, that can be related to the different phases of the Coronavirus. The outputs confirm the need for rapid sustainability action within the development policy to contrast the pandemic.

scholarly journals A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Yaacoub ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
World Population ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Tremendous Challenge ◽  
Country Specific

Providing connectivity to around half of the World population living in rural or underprivileged areas is a tremendous challenge, but also a unique opportunity. In this paper, a survey of technologies for providing connectivity to rural areas, and that can help address this challenge, is provided. Fronthaul and backhaul techniques are discussed. In addition, energy and cost efficiency of the studied technologies are analyzed. Typical application scenarios in rural areas are discussed, and several country-specific use cases are surveyed. Directions for future evolution of rural connectivity are outlined.

scholarly journals Reflections on globalization processes in geopolitical thought since the second half of the 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 10006
Author(s):  
Robert štok ◽  
Irina Kozárová
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship

Research background: Geopolitical thought at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries was among the first to accentuate a global dimension of international politics. It stagnated in the context of WWII, however, the adoption of geopolitical approaches in U.S. foreign policy concepts contributed to its revival during the Cold War and its rapid development in the 1990s because of the need to address the changes in the power-political and spatial-political structures of the world. The relationship between geopolitical thought and globalization, however, remains controversial. In academic literature, geopolitics and globalization are perceived either as compatible or as incompatible phenomena. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to outline how geopolitical thought has reflected the development of globalization processes and how it has changed with this development since the 2nd half of the 20th century. Methods: Analytical-synthetic and historical-comparative methods are used for the study of globalization development and content analysis and comparative methods are employed to map the development of geopolitical thought and its reflection of globalization. Findings & Value added: The development, direction and consequences of globalization have been reflected in geopolitical thought mainly since the 1990s. As a result, new trends in geopolitical thought have been established; apart from the changes in the power-spatial and political-spatial structures of the world studied by classical geopolitical thought, they also reflect the relationship between global and local, an acceleration in contradictory processes in the world caused by economic, cultural, demographic, information and other factors of spatial control.

Poetry of East Africa: from the mid-20th till present

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
First Time

The book deals with the development of English and Swahili poetry in three East African countries: Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. It covers the period from the late 1960s to the present day. For the first time in the world African literary studies, the researcher created a comprehensive picture of the East African literary process of the second half of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. The author analyzes two branches of modern East African poetry, such as the English-language poetry of Uganda and Kenya and the Swahili poetry of Kenya and Tanzania, by dwelling on the works of over 30 modern East African poets. An extensive poetic corpus is used to characterize its themes and artistic features. The poetry of modern East African authors is analyzed considering the culture, traditions, and realities of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania.

Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Inclusion: a Literature Review in the Research Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
A. V. Zelenin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Models ◽  
Critical Interpretation

The history of the appearance and development of the concepts of dyslexia, dysgraphia and inclusion is considered in the article. The research methods are the method of critical interpretation, the method of conceptualization, the observational method. The terms of dyslexia and dysgraphia attracted the doctor’s attention in the Late 19th – Early 20th Century. An explanation of their causes focused on medical aspects (ophthalmological factors, brain asymmetry, etc.). Linguistic and social argumentations of these deviations have appeared in the 1970s. The number of students with difficulties in reading and writing in the world is quite large and amounts to at least 10% of the total world population. In the 1980–1990s, the question arose of the stages of the such student’s integration in the general educational process. The three pedagogical models were used in were used in education throughout the 20th century: segregation, integration and inclusion. Although the inclusion assumes the equal participation of all children, without exception, in the educational process, nevertheless there is no consensus on the widespread of this model in education among the students’ parents and pedagogical community.

ABU BAKR IBN AL-MUNDHIR, AMPUTATION, AND THE ART OF IJTIHĀD

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Semantic Shift ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Few Islamic concepts have undergone as radical a semantic shift over the past couple of centuries as ijtihād. This Arabic term, confined for centuries to sophisticated works of legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh), has been liberated and transformed into the handmaiden of modern Muslim reformists throughout the world. Numerous Western scholars have investigated either the classical legal ijtihād of the first definition above or the modern employment of ijtihād among reformists encapsulated in the second, succinct gloss of this word. Valuable studies have been published on topics ranging from the relationship between ijtihād and writing fatwas (iftāء) to the so-called “closure of the gate of ijtihād” to the role of ijtihād in 19th- and 20th-century reform movements. In short, ijtihād is ubiquitous in modern studies and formulations of Islam.

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