scholarly journals European households’ consumption expenditures in the decade 2000–2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Ladislav Stejskal ◽  
Jana Stávková
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Household Expenditures ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Cluster Analysis Method ◽  
Economic Boom

Paper deals with analysis of consumption expenditures of European households at the beginning and at the end of decade 2000–2009. The aim is to evaluate the impacts of economic development on the life situation of households from a specific point of view. The period represents one phase of the economic cycle in Europe – it is characterized by economic boom as well as declines leading to current crisis. Data was obtained from the Statistical Office of the European Communities. Subjects of analysis were individual European countries and groups EU 27 and EU 15. Using the cluster analysis method it was found that there are certain groups of countries with similar structures of household expenditures. These groups were relatively stable over time and corresponded to the traditional perception of similarity between countries in terms of geographical, cultural, political, etc. factors. However, some exceptions occurred – e.g. position of Ireland close to South European countries or Estonia close to Central European countries. Results serve as a basis for evaluation of economic development and can be also used as an indicator of impacts of economic development on people’s living situation.

scholarly journals The Network of Bilateral Tax Treaties of the Slovak Republic – Does It Mirror Challenges of the Globalization through Digitalization? A Cluster Analysis Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 02034
Author(s):  
Jana Kubicová
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Tax Treaties ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Cluster Analysis Method

Research background: Globalisations and movement of production factors - especially capital and workforces, call for elimination of double international juridical taxation and consequently for negotiation of bilateral tax treaties. Recently global network of bilateral tax treaties has reached immense size. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the network of bilateral tax treaties of the Slovak republic from the point of view of distance and level of development of the Contracting States. Methods: To reach this goal a cluster analysis method is applied where clustering variables are distance between capital cities of the Contracting States and measures of economic development. Findings & Value added: The main finding is that the Slovak republic’s bilateral tax treaties are clustered into 11 clusters, and three of them are the most numerous. This implies, that Slovak republic follows certain pattern when chosing Contracting Party. It is also found, that geographical location and distance have diminishing roles. Instead economic development and atractiveness of the country in terms of GDP per capita and total FDI inflow play more important role. These findings prove, that Slovakia no more follows old-fashioned pattern of chosing Contracting Parties based predominantly on distances, instead it adjust its policy of concluding bilateral tax treaties to globalization through digitalisation trend.

scholarly journals Reformatting Global Economic Governance in Conditions of New, Mega-Regional Integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Kobylianska ◽  
Litvinov Anatoly ◽  
Potyshnyak Olena
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional Agreements ◽  
Global Economic Governance

The current study focuses on the transformation of global economic governance in the light of current globalization processes, which are characterized by the emergence of new players on the world stage as a result of a qualitative change in the phenomenon of regionalization of the world economy. The relevance of the study is justified by the fact that the various modes of global economic governance coexist (starting with the quasi-hierarchical system of supranational organizations and ending with network forms of dissipative governance), where mega-regional integration is one of the attempts to achieve economic development which goes far beyond national borders. In this context, mega-regional integration can be seen as the basis for actualization or one of the modern tools of global economic governance. According to the stated goal, the article considers the prerequisites of new mega-regional integration from the point of view of the current crisis of multilateralism as well as the economic potential for creation and functioning of mega-regional agreements. Based on the research results of such domestic and foreign scientists as: Reznikova N.V., Malyuta A.I., Pashchenko O.V., Sheargold E., Juutinen M., Sandrey R., Bown Ch.P. et al.it was possible to conclude on the unprecedented scale of mega-regional agreements and to question the effectiveness of modern methods of achieving inter-state consensus and global goals. The article deals with the main MRTA /MRU: BRICS, TTIP, TPP, RCEP and SCO, and explores the global goals of these associations. The prevalence of a hybrid form of global economic governance in the context of mega-regionalism is shown, namely, mega-regional integration groups combine efforts of different states in the form of "block – block", "country – block" and “countries-global leaders”. The complementarity of MRTA /MRU functioning to the existing forms of global economic governance is argued. The further research in this sphere is suggested, it should be related to exploring the prospects of economic development of mega-regional unions and of cooperation of Ukraine with them.

What Kind of Firms Has Investment Programs in the Crisis Times and What Kind of Barriers Do They Face?

2009 ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Doing Business

The paper considers the behavior of Russian enterprises during the current crisis using the data of the latest survey of 1000 manufacturing firms. Special attention is paid to features of firms planning big investment for the next 12 months. The links between current investment plans, previous investment in 2005-2008 and other factors are shown. Finally we analyze the most important barriers for doing business from the point of view of investors.

New challenges to the economic security of Russia and the world and counteraction methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1246-1263
Author(s):  
S.B. Zainullin ◽  
O.A. Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Global Threat

Subject. The 2020 economic crisis has become a global threat to the economic security of States, corporations and households. The elimination of this threat to economic security is a key priority of the State. Objectives. The article is dedicated to factors of the current crisis, both individually and in aggregate, as well as forecasts of the economic development during the crisis. Methods. The study is based on the scientific knowledge as dialectic, a combination of historical and logical unity, structural analysis, traditional methods of economic analysis and synthesis. Results. We carried out the comparative analysis of crisis theories, forecasted the economic development of the IMF, the World Bank, the Audit Chamber, and considered analytical agencies in dynamics, taking into account adjustments when the crisis manifests itself. Counteraction methods are reviewed from theoretical and practical perspectives. The article also analyzed the international expertise in crisis management. Conclusions and Relevance. The economic crisis was found to be at its initial stage, with negative scenarios being more probable. Proposed and implemented, local measures can mitigate the economic decline, prevent massive bankruptcies and a social explosion. Meanwhile, measures to restructure the economic policy may contribute to overcoming the crisis. The findings can be used by federal government bodies to adjust economic policies, develop programs and strategies for the socio-economic development of regions, and economic security strategies for corporations.

scholarly journals Tourism Competitiveness and Sustainability Indicators in the Context of Surf Tourism: The Case of Cape Town

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7238
Author(s):  
Roberto Martín-González ◽  
Kamilla Swart ◽  
Ana-María Luque-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Multiple Issues ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Active Sport

Sport tourism has experienced considerable growth in the last decades, either from the sport events perspective or considering an active sport tourism approach. Therefore, some emergent market niches like surf tourism have been developed in numerous coastal destinations to attract sustainability-sensitive tourists due to the ongoing environmental challenges and the socio-economic crisis. Cape Town is positioned in a prominent place in terms of competitiveness, with a considerable variety of beaches and surf spots facing multiple issues. The aim of this study is to try to identify the most competitive beaches and subdistricts in terms of sustainability and to suggest criteria for surf-tourism-related indicators to obtain an overview about this space, using weighting indicators, and applying geography and political economy lenses. The results reveal that Strand, Table View, and Surfers’ Corner are the most competitive beaches. Additionally, beaches located in some underprivileged areas such as Mitchells Plain and Khayelitsha are potentially interesting from a socio-economic development point of view, although they show a lack of accommodation infrastructures. These results seem to indicate that those areas should be closely monitored, and destination managers should focus their attention and finance there to obtain a more sustainable surf tourism development.

scholarly journals E-Commerce Calls for Cyber-Security and Sustainability: How European Citizens Look for a Trusted Online Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6752
Author(s):  
Idiano D’Adamo ◽  
Rocío González-Sánchez ◽  
Maria Sonia Medina-Salgado ◽  
Davide Settembre-Blundo
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Different Levels

The pandemic has changed the citizens’ behavior, inducing them to avoid any real contact. This has given an incredible impulse to e-commerce; however, the complexity of the topic has not yet been adequately explored in the literature. To fill this gap, this study has a twofold purpose: (1) to investigate how European countries comparatively perform in e-commerce, and (2) to describe what are the most important challenges for the further expansion of e-commerce. To this end, we adopted a hybrid methodology based on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and a Likert scale survey. The first method allows to us rank the e-commerce performance of different European countries, while the second one looks at the problems and barriers that characterize online shopping. The results of the study show that European countries have different sensitivities to the issue of cyber-security, and among them it is possible to identify three groups with different levels of attention to the critical issues of e-commerce. The Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark belong to the group of countries most responsive to e-commerce. This request is part of a broader framework of transition toward sustainable development, i.e., a reliable digital environment where citizens and businesses can exercise their rights and freedoms in complete security. Finally, from a theoretical perspective, this paper adds a new baseline to the literature on the state of the art of e-commerce in Europe that addresses the effects of the pandemic. From a managerial point of view, decision makers can find in the results of this analysis a support for the setting of business strategies for the expansion of firms in certain markets and guidance for public authorities when defining regulatory policies for e-commerce.

Neotypification of the Linnaean name Iris aphylla (Iridaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENY V. BOLTENKOV
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Russia ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Open Forests

Iris aphylla Linnaeus (1753: 38) (Iridaceae) is a highly variable species from the morphological point of view, especially in the height of stem, stem branching, size of leaves, and color of flowers. Moreover, it can be found in different habitats. In the Middle-Russian Upland, this plant is mostly associated with meadow steppes on slopes and, rarely, with edges of shrub thickets; also occurs along forest edges and in open forests, where blooming plants are rare (Kazakova et al. 2015). It is native to Central, Eastern, and some parts of Western Europe. The species is widespread in the Ukraine and mainly in the south of middle European Russia, while in the European countries its populations are sparser. Iris aphylla is of autotetraploid origin (Mitra 1956); plants with the chromosome number 2n = 48 are found more frequently in Europe (Wróblewska et al. 2010). Its numerous synonyms, including four subspecies, indicate the variability of this species. The genetic data confirm the conclusion that the subspecies of I. aphylla should be regarded as a single species (Wróblewska et al. 2010). According to my best knowledge (see also Jarvis 2007) the name I. aphylla is still lacking typification.

Is the USSR dead? Experience from the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Golovnin ◽  
Alexander Libman ◽  
Daria Ushkalova ◽  
Alexandra Yakusheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Former Soviet Republics ◽  
Economic Linkages

The paper examines the economic linkages between the post-Soviet states from the point of view of the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009. It aims to find out whether the interdependence between the countries of the former Soviet Union is still large enough that crises in individual countries affect the economic development in the neighboring states, and assesses the impact of the crisis itself on the linkages between the former Soviet republics. The evidence is mixed: while some channels of interdependence deteriorated over the last decade, others became more important, and some were even strengthened by the crisis itself.

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