scholarly journals Effect of Drip Irrigation and Complementary Nutrition with Nitrogen on Potato Quality and Yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Petr Elzner ◽  
Miroslav Jůzl ◽  
Miroslav Jůzl
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Intensity ◽  
Small Plot

A small-plot field experiment started in 2016 studied effect of drip irrigation on potato tuber yield and starch levels in the tubers. Two potato varieties with different vegetation periods (Monika, Jolana) were exposed to four drip irrigation intensity levels. They were non-irrigated controls and irrigated tubers with 60 %, 65 % and 70 % usable soil water capacity levels. The other studied parameter was represented by the effect of nitrogen fertilisation with the nitrogen nutrient added to the irrigation water (fertigation) in the course of the vegetation period in contrast to one-off application of the whole nitrogen dose before the potato planting. All irrigated variants in comparison to the non‑irrigated controls showed 30–60 % yield increase. The effect of fertigation on yields was statistically insignificant. Starch levels in the tubers were mostly affected by the variety. The irrigated variants in comparison to the non-irrigated controls showed higher starch levels in the harvested tubers but the differences were statistically insignificant.

scholarly journals Effect of different drip irrigation regimes on tuber and starch yield of potatoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 546-550
Author(s):  
Petr Elzner ◽  
Miroslav Jůzl ◽  
Pavel Kasal
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Available Water Capacity ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Starch Yield ◽  
Positive Effect

Small-plot field trials monitored the effect of drip irrigation of potatoes on tuber and starch yield. The trials were performed at two different localities in two trial years, 2016 and 2017. The subject of the evaluation included two cultivars with different vegetation periods (the very early cv. Monika and the semi-early cv. Jolana). Four repeated trials studied 4 irrigation treatments according to the available water capacity (AWC) of the soil, i.e. without irrigation, irrigation when soil humidity decreased below 60, 65 and below 70% AWC. All monitored parameters reflected a positive effect of irrigation in comparison to the non-irrigated control. The Žabčice locality showed the highest tuber and starch yields mostly after medium-intensity irrigation. The Valečov locality achieved the highest tuber and starch yields after the highest-intensity irrigation. Subject to the locality and the cultivar, the recommendation is to introduce automatic irrigation start when the soil humidity drops to 65% AWC for heavy soils and 70% AWC for medium heavy soils.

scholarly journals Potato Growth Uniformity as Affected by Subsurface Drip and Seepage Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 529C-529
Author(s):  
S.J. Locascio ◽  
A.G. Smajstsrla ◽  
D.H. Hensel ◽  
D.P. Weigartner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Seepage Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Potato Growth

Growth and production uniformity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as influenced by conventional seepage irrigation and by subsurface drip irrigation was evaluated in field studies during two seasons in plots 16 rows (18.3 m) wide and 183 m long. Seepage irrigation water was supplied through ditches located on each side of each plot. Drip irrigation water was distributed through buried tubes placed under the beds 6.1 m apart extending the length of the rows. Water application throughout the plots was accomplished more rapidly with the subsurface drip system and water use during the two seasons was 33% less than with the conventional seepage system. Tuber yield during the first season was similar with the two irrigation systems. During the second season, plant growth, tuber development, and tuber yield were sampled on alternate rows beginning on each outside bed, at each end of each plot, and in the middle of the plots. Irrigation method and bed location among the 16 beds had little influence of potato growth and development. With water flow from north to south, plant growth, and tuber yield were significantly higher from potatoes growing at the north end, lowest in the plot center, and intermediate from potatoes growing at the south end. These data indicate that potato production with the two irrigation systems was similar.

Effect of abiotic stress factors on the chlorophyll content of inbred maize lines

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
P. Bónis ◽  
T. Árendás ◽  
I. Jócsák ◽  
C. Mikecz ◽  
G. Micskei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Small Plot

Inbred maize lines were treated with normal and double rates of post-emergence herbicides in a small-plot field experiment in one dry and one wet year. The chlorophyll a + b content of symptom-free ear-leaves was determined using a spectrophotometer after 50% silking in order to determine whether various rates of post-emergence herbicides had any effect on the chlorophyll content at flowering and how this was influenced by the type of year. The chlorophyll a + b content of the inbred lines was greatly dependent on the year, with values twice as high in the wet year as in the dry year. Treatment with tembotrione + isoxadifen-ethyl had no effect on the chlorophyll content in either year. Both rates of mesotrione + terbutylazine reduced the chlorophyll a + b content of one stress-sensitive inbred line in the dry year, but not in the wet year. In the wet year bentazone + dicamba increased the chlorophyll content, but only for one line was this effect significant irrespective of the dose. In the dry year the double dose caused a significant increase in this genotype, but the chlorophyll contents of the other lines did not differ significantly from the control.

scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DO COEFICIENTE DE COBERTURA EM UMA CULTURA DE MELÃO

Irriga ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Wilson Tavares Bezerra ◽  
Benito Moreira de Azevedo ◽  
Thales Vinícius de Araújo Viana ◽  
Francisco De Queiroz Porto Filho
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Partial Wetting

ESTIMATIVA DO COEFICIENTE DE COBERTURA EM UMA CULTURA DE MELÃO  José Wilson Tavares Bezerra1;  Benito Moreira de Azevedo1; Thales Vinícius de Araújo Viana1; Francisco de Queiroz  Porto Filho21Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFC. Curso de Mestrado em Irrigação e 2Drenagem,  [email protected] Superior de Agricultura de Mossoró-ESAM. Mossoró-RN  1 RESUMO  Na irrigação localizada a economia de água se tornou uma grande vantagem em relação aos outros métodos.  Esta economia de água deve-se, principalmente, ao fato deste método de irrigação umedecer somente parte do solo no qual se encontram as raízes da planta.  O cálculo da quantidade de água necessária a cultura, pode ser obtido indiretamente a partir do coeficiente de cobertura do solo, utilizando o coeficiente de redução.  O objetivo deste trabalho foi de estimar o coeficiente de cobertura para a cultura do melão para as condições do município de Mossoró – RN.  Na pesquisa, o ciclo da cultura foi subdividido em cinco fases, sendo o, coeficiente de cobertura estimado no final e no ponto médio de cada fase. Os resultados mostraram que o coeficiente de cobertura variou entre os valores de 2,40 e 80,50 % nos finais das fases inicial e de floração, respectivamente.  Aos 52 dias após o plantio,  o coeficiente de cobertura atingiu 100%, este ponto coincidiu com o ponto médio da fase de frutificação.  UNITERMOS: Irrigação localizada, desenvolvimento vegetativo e ciclo da cultura.  BEZERRA, J. W. T.; AZEVEDO, B. M. de; VIANA, T. V. de A.; PORTO FILHO, F. de Q. ESTIMATE OF COVERING COEFFICIENT FOR  MELON CULTURE  2 ABSTRACT  In localized irrigation water saving has become a great advantage in comparison to the other methods.  This water saving occurs mainly because this system causes partial wetting of the soil in the root zone.  Calculating how much water is necessary for the crop can be done indirectly using the reduction factor based on the crop ground cover. This paper aimed to estimate the ground cover coefficient for melon in Mossoró – RN.  In this study the melon growing cycle was divided into five development stages and the ground cover coefficient was estimated at the average and finals point of each stage.  The results showed that the covering coefficient varied between 2.40 and 8.50% in the end of the initial and flowering phases, respectively.  At 52 days after the melon planting, the ground cover coefficient reached 100%, which was the same one as the fructification stage.  KEYWORDS: drip irrigation, vegetative development and cycle of the culture.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Irrigation Methods for Highbush Blueberry—I. Growth and Water Requirements of Young Plants

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bryla ◽  
Jim L. Gartung ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

A study was conducted in a new field of northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. ‘Elliott’) to determine the effects of different irrigation methods on growth and water requirements of uncropped plants during the first 2 years after planting. The plants were grown on mulched, raised beds and irrigated by sprinklers, microsprays, or drip at a rate of 50%, 100%, and 150% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) requirement. After 2 years, drip irrigation at 100% ETc produced the most growth among the irrigation methods with at least 42% less water than needed for maximum growth with microsprays and 56% less water than needed with sprinklers. Drip irrigation also maintained higher soil water content in the vicinity of the roots than the other methods but reduced growth when plants were over-irrigated at 150% ETc. Only 570 mm of irrigation water, or the equivalent of 1320 L per plant, was required over two seasons to reach maximum total plant dry weight with drip, whereas 980 mm or more water was needed with sprinklers and microsprays. Consequently, irrigation water use efficiency (defined as the difference in plant biomass produced under irrigated and rain-fed conditions divided by the total amount of irrigation water applied) was significantly higher with drip than with the other irrigation methods, averaging 0.41 g of total dry weight per liter of drip irrigation. In terms of both growth and water use, drip irrigation was the best and most efficient method to establish the plants.

scholarly journals Reduced Water Use in Barley and Maize Production Through Conservation Agriculture and Drip Irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Fonteyne ◽  
Álvaro Flores García ◽  
Nele Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

The Mexican Bajío region is the country's main barley (Hordeum vulgare) producing area. Barley is commonly produced during the dry autumn–winter season using furrow irrigation with ground water, following which rainfed maize (Zea mays) is grown in the spring–summer season using supplementary irrigation. Ground water levels in the region are steadily dropping, and the introduction of water-saving technologies in agriculture is urgently required. Drip irrigation can reduce water use but is costly. Conservation agriculture—the combination of minimal tillage, permanent soil cover and crop diversification—might reduce water use, but studies in irrigated systems are scarce. We compared water use and grain yield in tillage-based conventional agriculture and conservation agriculture, both with furrow irrigation and drip irrigation, in a 3-year (six growing seasons) barley-maize field experiment. Additionally, side-by-side demonstrations of conventional and conservation agriculture were installed simultaneously in farmers' fields and yields, water use and fuel use were recorded. In the field experiment, yields did not differ significantly between production systems, but irrigation water use was on average 17% lower in conservation agriculture than in conventional agriculture, ~36% lower with drip irrigation compared with furrow irrigation in conventional tillage, and 40% lower with drip irrigation and conservation agriculture combined compared with conventional agriculture with furrow irrigation. Water use reductions differed strongly between years, depending on weather. The water saving through conservation agriculture in farmers' fields was similar to the water saving in the controlled experiment with about 17%. Additionally, in farmer's fields conservation agriculture reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 192 kg CO2 ha−1 and improved soil health. The implementation of conservation agriculture would be a cost-effective method to reduce water use in the barley-maize production system in the Mexican Bajío, while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

IRRIGATION SCHEDULE OF LONG-FRUIT CUCUMBERS AND HYDROAMELIORATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION IN PLASTIC GREENHOUSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Rumiana Kireva ◽  
Roumen Gadjev
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Pressure Flows ◽  
Efficient Water Use

The deficit of the irrigation water requires irrigation technologies with more efficient water use. For cucumbers, the most suitable is the drip irrigation technology. For establishing of the appropriate irrigation schedule of cucumbers under the soil and climate conditions in the village of Chelopechene, near Sofia city, the researchеs was conducted with drip irrigation technology, adopting varying irrigation schedules and hydraulic regimes - from fully meeting the daily crops water requirements cucumbers to reduced depths with 20% and 40%. It have been established irrigation schedule with adequate pressure flows in the water source, irrigation water productivity and yields of in plastic unheated greenhouses of the Sofia plant.

scholarly journals A unique vadose zone model for shallow aquifers: the Hetao irrigation district, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 3097-3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyi Liu ◽  
Xingwang Wang ◽  
Zailin Huo ◽  
Tammo Siert Steenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Hetao Irrigation District

Abstract. Rapid population growth is increasing pressure on the world water resources. Agriculture will require crops to be grown with less water. This is especially the case for the closed Yellow River basin, necessitating a better understanding of the fate of irrigation water in the soil. In this paper, we report on a field experiment and develop a physically based model for the shallow groundwater in the Hetao irrigation district in Inner Mongolia, in the arid middle reaches of the Yellow River. Unlike other approaches, this model recognizes that field capacity is reached when the matric potential is equal to the height above the groundwater table and not by a limiting soil conductivity. The field experiment was carried out in 2016 and 2017. Daily moisture contents at five depths in the top 90 cm and groundwater table depths were measured in two fields with a corn crop. The data collected were used for model calibration and validation. The calibration and validation results show that the model-simulated soil moisture and groundwater depth fitted well. The model can be used in areas with shallow groundwater to optimize irrigation water use and minimize tailwater losses.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Balance of Sphagnum Farming on Highly Decomposed Peat at Former Peat Extraction Sites

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Oestmann ◽  
Bärbel Tiemeyer ◽  
Dominik Düvel ◽  
Amanda Grobe ◽  
Ullrich Dettmann
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Balance ◽  
Peat Extraction ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Mitigation Potentials

AbstractFor two years, we quantified the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) at two different large-scale Sphagnum farming sites. At both, peat extraction left a shallow layer of highly decomposed peat and low hydraulic conductivities. One site was characterized by preceding multi-annual inundation and irrigated by ditches, while the other one was inoculated directly after peat extraction and irrigated by ditches and drip irrigation. Further, GHG emissions from an irrigation polder and the effect of harvesting Sphagnum donor material at a near-natural reference site were determined. GHG mitigation potentials lag behind the results of less decomposed sites, although our results were also affected by the extraordinary hot and dry summer 2018. CO2 exchanges ranged between -0.6 and 2.2 t CO2-C ha−1 y−1 and were mainly influenced by low water table depths. CH4 emissions were low with the exception of plots with higher Eriophorum covers, while fluctuating water tables and poorly developing plant covers led to considerable N2O emissions at the ditch irrigation site. The removal of the upper vegetation at the near-natural site resulted in increased CH4 emissions and, on average, lowered CO2 emissions. Overall, best plant growth and lowest GHG emissions were measured at the previously inundated site. At the other site, drip irrigation provided more favourable conditions than ditch irrigation. The size of the area needed for water management (ditches, polders) strongly affected the areal GHG balances. We conclude that Sphagnum farming on highly decomposed peat is possible but requires elaborate water management.

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