scholarly journals Chemical constituent analysis of the Babassu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) mesocarp

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-335
Author(s):  
Gabriela Batista de Farias ◽  
Jean Lucas Da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Nilce De Sousa Ribeiro ◽  
Lyege Oliveira Magalhães ◽  
Antonio Gilberto Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Medicinal Activity

The Babassu nut (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) mesocarp is traditionally transformed to flour and consumed in some Brazilian areas for its attributed medicinal activity; however, its chemical properties remain to be elucidated. The present work aimed at analyzing the babassu mesocarp phytochemical constituents. Babassu nut samples were collected in the Brazilian Amazon, and their mesocarps were prepared and macerated in different solvents. The chromatographic fractionation of selected methanol extracts yielded three fractions, A-5, A-6, and B-1 that were characterized with high resolution methods. Fraction A-5 was characterized through GC/MS as a fatty acid mixture with predominance of eicosanoic (38.67 %) and 11-octadecanoic (21.71  %) acids. Fraction A-6 was characterized by the presence of three phytosteroids (32.02 %), sesquiterpene (nerolidol; 24.89 %), and diterpene (17-acetoxy-19-kauranal; 15.17 %). The 1H and 13C NMR spectra on fraction A-6 showed characteristic chemical shifts for its compounds. Compound B-1 was identified as ergostanol-3-benzoate based on NMR experiments in one and two dimensions. These results constitute the first identification of babassu mesocarp chemical constituents in 1 and 2-dimensions, paving the way to understanding its role in popular medicine.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Gypsum Powder on Chemical Constituents of Soil and Selected Crops, Adigudem, Tigray, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
Berhe Hailu ◽  
Samuel Estifanos
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Mekelle University ◽  
Properties Of Soil

This paper investigates the effects of gypsum powder from the gypsum plant in Adigudem on chemical properties of soil as well as the yield of two major crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Three mixes of 10kg of soil with 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% proportion of gypsum powder were used for pot experiments under glasshouse conditions at Mekelle University. One bulk soil sample was collected from a spot at 4 km from the eastern side of the plant. The chemical concentration of major elements Ca, K, Na, Mg, and Mn, and trace elements, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Fe in soil and plant parts were determined using an Atomic absorption spectrometer as well as NO3, PO4 and SO4 using UV-spectrometer. The results suggest that the gypsum powder enhances metals and anion content in soil and in crop parts compared to the control sample. The chemical constituents in soil and crop parts showed negligible variation with increasing proportions of gypsum powder. Gypsum loaded Ca, SO4, Mn, and Pb onto the soil, which exhibited higher Mg, Cu, Mo, Cd, NO3, and PO4 but the comparable concentrations of Fe, K, Zn, and Cr in decreasing order. However, a direct relationship was noted in chemical constituent loadings along the pathway:  powder-soil-crop in a similar fashion in the three mixes. Factor analyses revealed that wheat parts have a higher accumulation of nutrients than the barley parts with higher content in its growth soil blends.  As an extension of this research, the in-situ investigation is recommended to assess the direct impact of the gypsum powder emitted over the soil and crops.

scholarly journals Chemical Variations of Thermally Modified Wild-Grown Bambusa Vulgaris Schrad.Ex J.C. Wendl from Nigeria

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Olajide O B ◽  
Ogunsanwo O Y ◽  
Aguda L O ◽  
Oriire LT
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Time Regime ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
C 30

Determining the variation of chemical properties of thermally treated Bambusa vulgaris is important to provide the information of the responses of the chemical constituents to the bamboo modification against biodegradation. This research was therefore conducted to determine the chemical properties of thermally modified Bambusa vulgaris. Two hundred and seventy (30 x 2 x 0.5 cm) bamboo strips dimension were thermally modified in a heat-chamber at 100, 110, 120, 130 and 140 °C each, for 10, 20 and 30 minutes, under constant pressure (220 N/m2) in factorial arrangement in completely randomised design with 5 replicates. Unmodified strips served as control. Chemical characteristics (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash contents) were determined using standard procedures. The mean variation range of the control to 140°C/30 minutes of the thermally modified samples is as follows; the cellulose value ranged from 46.46±0.11% to 42.19±0.18%, hemicellulose from 35.59±0.10% to 31.80±0.01%, lignin from 29.11±0.12% to 26.17±0.13%, ash from 0.92±0.02% to 0.63±0.01%; the study also revealed that there were decrease in each chemical constituent value varies from a lower to a higher temperature and time regime proportionally except in the lignin content. Increase in temperature and time of thermal modification reduced the chemical characteristics of Bambusa vulgaris which resulted to reduction in the level of sugar contents (cellulose) of bamboo which enables it to be less attractive to both fungi and termite attack hence extending the service life of bamboo in use.

HPLC analysis and activity to determine the effect of drying and extraction on Ficus benghalensis leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Nithyakalyani K
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Ficus Benghalensis ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Ficus benghalensis is one of those taboo plants in India, which was claimed to be possessed and have weird effects on human health. Apart from this ficus species has a great variety of chemical constituents and an abundant amount of antioxidants. Drying is the most critical stage of improving the activity or preventing the loss of chemical components from a drug. There is another stage of ensuring high chemical constituent content in the plant and that is the extraction procedure. So the point of focus in the current research is to find the effect of extraction method and drying on the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant. The result of the extraction method and drying method of the plant was investigated and found that the ultrasound-assisted extraction of the shade dried leaves was found to give the highest yield of flavonoids and activity.

Pharmacognostical and pharmacological activity of Justicia gendarussa burm.f.: a comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3384-3390
Author(s):  
Ashish ◽  
Anjali ◽  
Dixit Praveen K ◽  
Nagarajan K ◽  
Sahoo Jagannath
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Different Parts

Justicia gendarussa Burm .f. (family Acanthaceae) which is also known as willow-leaves and commonly known as Nili-Nirgundi, it is very commonly found nearby to China and its availability is very common in larger parts of India and Andaman islands. Traditionally it is used to treat various sorts of disorders such as wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antiproliferative, anti-arthritic etc. Justicia gendarussa is one of the crucial herbs which has been used in the Ayurveda. Majorly leaves parts of the plant shows the pharmacological activity but the root of the plant Justicia gendarussa is also have the important medicinal values. A large variety of pharmacologically active constituents i.e., alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, aminoacids, tannins, phenolics, coumarines and anthaquinones are also present in this plant and they makes the plant pharmacologically important. The activity of the plant is also dependent on the solvent which is used for the extraction the various vital chemical constituents. The different- different parts of the plants having the different medicinal values also differ in the chemical values. This review is not only focused on the essential phytochemical constituents which is available in the plant but it also explains their necessary medicinal value to shows the essential biological action and phytopharmacological actions of various parts of the plant.

Some Considerations Regarding the 1H and 13C Spectra of 4-(1-azulenyl)-2,6-bis(2-heteroaryl-vinyl)- pyrylium and Pyridinium and their Corresponding Pyridines

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Liviu Birzan ◽  
Mihaela Cristea ◽  
Constantin C. Draghici ◽  
Alexandru C. Razus
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Pyridinium Salts ◽  
13C Nmr Spectra ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Pyrylium Salts

The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of several 2,6-diheteroarylvinyl heterocycles containing 4-azulenyl moiety were recorded and their proton and carbon chemical shifts were compared with those of the compounds without double bond between the heterocycles. The influence of the nature of central and side heterocycles, molecule polarization and anisotropic effects were revealed. The highest chemical shifts were recorded for the pyrylium salts and the lowest at pyridines, but in the case of the pyridinium salts, the protons chemical shifts at the central heterocycle are more shielded due to a peculiar anisotropy of the attached vinyl groups.

scholarly journals Potential Application of Some Lamiaceae Species in the Management of Diabetes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Ninon G.E.R. Etsassala ◽  
Ahmed A. Hussein ◽  
Felix Nchu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Diabetes is one of the most dangerous metabolic disorders, with high rates of mortality worldwide. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases, including diabetes and its related complications. Plants are widely accepted, affordable, and perceived to have minimal adverse side effects. The Lamiaceae family is a potential source of therapeutic agents for the management of metabolic disorders, including diabetes. Hence, this review paper summarizes the antidiabetic use of Lamiaceae species in folk medicine globally. Furthermore, we present the antidiabetic activities and phytochemical constituents of twenty-three (23) Lamiaceae species and the antidiabetic activity of some notable chemical constituents isolated from some of these Lamiaceae species.

Update on Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Rocaglate Derivatives from Aglaia Species

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Agarwal ◽  
Long-Sheng Chang ◽  
Djaja Doel Soejarto ◽  
A. Douglas Kinghorn
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Eukaryotic Translation ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

AbstractWith about 120 species, Aglaia is one of the largest genera of the plant family Meliaceae (the mahogany plants). It is native to the tropical rainforests of the Indo-Australian region, ranging from India and Sri Lanka eastward to Polynesia and Micronesia. Various Aglaia species have been investigated since the 1960s for their phytochemical constituents and biological properties, with the cyclopenta[b]benzofurans (rocaglates or flavaglines) being of particular interest. Phytochemists, medicinal chemists, and biologists have conducted extensive research in establishing these secondary metabolites as potential lead compounds with antineoplastic and antiviral effects, among others. The varied biological properties of rocaglates can be attributed to their unusual structures and their ability to act as inhibitors of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), affecting protein translation. The present review provides an update on the recently reported phytochemical constituents of Aglaia species, focusing on rocaglate derivatives. Furthermore, laboratory work performed on investigating the biological activities of these chemical constituents is also covered.

Using 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts to determine cyclic peptide conformations: a combined molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 14003-14012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Nhu N. Nguyen ◽  
Joshua Schwochert ◽  
Dean J. Tantillo ◽  
R. Scott Lokey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Functional Prediction ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Solution Structures ◽  
Peptide Conformations

Conformational analysis from NMR and density-functional prediction of low-energy ensembles (CANDLE), a new approach for determining solution structures.

scholarly journals Microbiology and atmospheric processes: chemical interactions of primary biological aerosols

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Deguillaume ◽  
M. Leriche ◽  
P. Amato ◽  
P. A. Ariya ◽  
A.-M. Delort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Interactions ◽  
Biological Aerosols ◽  
Micro Organisms

Abstract. This paper discusses the influence of primary biological aerosols (PBA) on atmospheric chemistry and vice versa through microbiological and chemical properties and processes. Several studies have shown that PBA represent a significant fraction of air particulate matter and hence affect the microstructure and water uptake of aerosol particles. Moreover, airborne micro-organisms, namely fungal spores and bacteria, can transform chemical constituents of the atmosphere by metabolic activity. Recent studies have emphasized the viability of bacteria and metabolic degradation of organic substances in cloud water. On the other hand, the viability and metabolic activity of airborne micro-organisms depend strongly on physical and chemical atmospheric parameters such as temperature, pressure, radiation, pH value and nutrient concentrations. In spite of recent advances, however, our knowledge of the microbiological and chemical interactions of PBA in the atmosphere is rather limited. Further targeted investigations combining laboratory experiments, field measurements, and modelling studies will be required to characterize the chemical feedbacks, microbiological activities at the air/snow/water interface supplied to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Review Based Upon Ayurvedic and Traditional Uses of Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpatta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifali Thakur ◽  
Gitika Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Herbal Plant ◽  
Flavoring Agent

Cinnamomum tamala is an evergreen plant native to Sri Lanka and India. This herbal plant is commonly called Indian cassia, Tejpatta and Indian bay leaf. There are many bioactive constituents isolated from plant Cinnamomum tamala. Leaves of the plant possess aromatic fragrance and are also utilized as a flavoring agent. It is used in food curry, pickles and other spices. Besides food application, the leaves have also been used for curing a number of ailments. All parts of the plant possess many major bioactive chemical constituents like cinnamaldehyde, trans-cinnamaldehyde, 3,4,5,7- tetrahydroxyflavone, 3,3,4,5,6- pentahydroflavone (non-glycoside compounds), kaempferol, eugenol, etc. These phytochemical compounds have many pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal and immunomodulatory. In the past time, it is also considered for medicinal use. Their medicinal use was also mentioned in the literature of ayurveda, yunani and other traditional systems of medicine. Due to aromatic fragrance, it is also utilized in the perfume industry. The major aim of this review is to give a brief knowledge about the plant Cinnamomum tamala based on their phytochemical constituents, ayurvedic view, folk view and pharmacological application.

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