Integrated Product and Process Design for a Flapping Wing Drive Mechanism

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Bejgerowski ◽  
Arvind Ananthanarayanan ◽  
Dominik Mueller ◽  
Satyandra K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Drive Mechanism ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The Impact

Successful realization of a flapping wing micro-air vehicle (MAV) requires development of a light weight drive mechanism that can convert the continuous rotary motion of the motor into oscillatory flapping motion of the wings. The drive mechanism should have low weight to maximize the payload and battery capacity. It should also have high power transmission efficiency to maximize the operational range and to minimize weight of the motor. In order to make flapping wing MAVs attractive in search, rescue, and recovery efforts, they should be disposable from the cost point of view. Injection molded compliant drive mechanisms are an attractive design option because of manufacturing scalability and reduction in the number of parts. However, realizing compliant drive mechanism using injection molding requires use of multipiece multigate molds. Molding process constraints need to be considered during the design stage to successfully realize the drive mechanism. This paper describes an approach for determining the drive mechanism shape and size that meets both the design and molding requirements. The novel aspects of this work include (1) minimizing the number of mold pieces and (2) the use of sacrificial shape elements to reduce the impact of the weld-lines on the structural performance. The design generated by the approach described in this paper was utilized to realize an operational flapping wing MAV.

Design and Fabrication of a Multi-Material Compliant Flapping Wing Drive Mechanism for Miniature Air Vehicles

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Bejgerowski ◽  
John W. Gerdes ◽  
Satyandra K. Gupta ◽  
Hugh A. Bruck ◽  
Stephen Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Drive Mechanism ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Local Compliance ◽  
The Cost

Successful realization of a flapping wing micro air vehicle (MAV) requires development of a light weight drive mechanism converting the rotary motion of the motor into flapping motion of the wings. Low weight of the drive mechanism is required to maximize the payload and battery capacity. In order to make flapping wing MAVs attractive in search, rescue, and recovery missions, they should be disposable from the cost point of view. Injection molded compliant drive mechanisms are an attractive design option to satisfy the weight, efficiency and cost requirements. In the past, we have successfully used multi-piece molding to create mechanisms utilizing distributed compliance for smaller MAVs. However, as the size of the MAV increases, mechanisms with distributed compliance exhibit excessive deformation. Therefore localizing rather than distributing the compliance in the mechanism becomes a more attractive option. Local compliance can be realized through multimaterial designs. A multi-material injection molded mechanism additionally offers reduction in the number of parts. This paper describes an approach for determining the drive mechanism shape and size that meets both the functional design and multi-material molding requirements. The design generated by the approach described in this paper was utilized to realize a flapping wing MAV with significant enhancements in the payload capabilities.

scholarly journals Efficiency Evaluation of Electric Bicycle Power Transmission Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10988
Author(s):  
Sheng-Peng Zhang ◽  
Tae-Oh Tak
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Inertia Effects ◽  
Motor Torque ◽  
Road Load ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Electric Bicycles

In this study, a method for estimating the efficiency of electric bicycle power train systems consisting of typical components, such as an electric motor, gears, sprockets, and chains is presented. In order to calculate the efficiency of a power train system, the relationship between the drive motor torque and the road-load that is exerted on the rear wheel was derived, considering kinematic inertia effects and friction losses between power transmission elements. Among the factors that influence efficiency, it was found that friction losses play a dominant role, while the effects of inertia are insignificant. The factors that influence the efficiency of electric bicycles due to friction losses, such as the transmission efficiency of the chain system and the bearing in the sprocket and wheel, were quantified. To validate the proposed efficiency calculation procedure, an experimental electric bicycle was used, in which the driving torque and road-load could be quantitatively assessed, and the actual efficiency was measured on a chassis dynamometer. It is shown that for a given motor torque, a measured and estimated dynamometer torque obtained by the proposed method exhibits a good correlation, and the transmission efficiency of each component was quantified. This method provides a practical and accurate means to calculate the drive train efficiency of electric bicycles at the design stage to improve the efficiency of electric bicycles.

Punching Force of Cold Die of Fuzzy Reliability Considering the Random Distribution of Material Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1577-1582
Author(s):  
Zhi Su Zhao ◽  
Xing Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Fuzzy Reliability ◽  
Reliability Design ◽  
Curve Design ◽  
Processing Error ◽  
The Impact

In order to be considered in the calculation of punching force of cold die random distribution of material properties, meanwhile including success and failure punching during the gradual change process in the calculation. Based on probabilistic fuzzy reliability point of view, the success or failure determination will be extended to fuzzy events. Based on fuzzy reliability, the punching force of cold die calculation method will be also given when taking the impact of random distribution of material properties into account. Related analysis formulae and the fuzzy criterion of success or failure of punching are established and derived. Through which, design and engineering process are integrated, the designer will be more reliably to predict the success or failure of the punching during the design stage. The processing error of lack of statistical data and the objectivity of the success or failure determination criterion will be easily solved. Economy cost and reliability design of geometrical curve design will be also considered.

scholarly journals Research on the Impact of Marine Environment on ICPT Transmission Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Da Li ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Xusheng Wu ◽  
Jianxin Gao ◽  
Shenqin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Ocean Environment ◽  
The Impact

ICPT is one of the most influential solutions in the field of wireless power transmission, but it is also very susceptible to the working environment. The complicated marine environment has a great influence on the performance of ICPT. In the deep-sea high-pressure environment, due to the piezomagnetic effect, the magnetic core in the coupling structure will suddenly change the permeability, and the coupling coefficient, self-inductance, and other parameters will also change accordingly. At the same time, changes in ocean currents in the ocean will cause the ICPT coils to be misaligned, thereby affecting the magnetic field distribution between the coils and the transmission efficiency of the system. In order to provide theoretical support for optimum design of ICPT system in ocean environment, the influence of core performance changes and ICPT coil misalignment on system transmission efficiency is studied.

scholarly journals Smart Cooperative Energy Supply Strategy to Increase Reliability in Residential Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11723
Author(s):  
Carlos Roldán-Blay ◽  
Carlos Roldán-Porta ◽  
Eduardo Quiles ◽  
Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Sequential Monte Carlo ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
The Impact

In reliability studies of isolated energy supply systems for residential buildings, supply failures due to insufficient generation are generally analysed. Recent studies conclude that this kind of analysis makes it possible to optimally design the sizes of the elements of the generation system. However, in isolated communities or rural areas, it is common to find groups of dwellings in which micro-renewable sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, can be installed. In this situation, the generation and storage of several houses can be considered as an interconnected system forming a cooperative microgrid (CoMG). This work analyses the benefits that sharing two autonomous installations can bring to each one, from the point of view of reliability. The method consists of the application of a random sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) simulation to the CoMG to evaluate the impact of a simple cooperative strategy on the reliability of the set. The study considers random failures in the generation systems. The results show that the reliability of the system increases when cooperation is allowed. Additionally, at the design stage, this allows more cost-effective solutions than single sizing with a similar level of reliability.

Geometric Curve Design Method of Fuzzy Reliability Based on Random Processing Errors

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Zhi Su Zhao ◽  
Xing Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Fuzzy Reliability ◽  
Reliability Design ◽  
Curve Design ◽  
Processing Errors ◽  
The Impact

In order to foresee the influence of random processing errors on geometric curve in design stage, meanwhile including success and failure process during the gradual change process in the forecast. Based on probabilistic fuzzy reliability point of view, the success or failure determination will be extended to fuzzy events. The geometric curve deign method will be also given when taking the impact of random engineering error into account. Related analysis formulae and the fuzzy criterion of success or failure of designing the curve process are established and derived. Through which, design and engineering process are integrated, the designer will be more reliably to predict the success or failure of the geometric curve design during the design stage. The processing error of lack of statistical data and the objectivity of the success or failure determination criterion will be easily solved. Economy cost and reliability design of geometrical curve design will be also considered.

A Study of the Influence of Strain Hardening and Precipitation Hardening Sequence on Development of Mechanical Properties of AlMgSi Conductor Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Knych ◽  
Beata Smyrak ◽  
Piotr Osuch ◽  
Kinga Szajding
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Wire Rod ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Almgsi Alloy

The paper focuses on 6xxx series AlMgSi conductor alloys. Such alloys are used for manufacturing of conductors for power transmission. Since the most current standards define as many as seven types of wires with various mechanical and electrical specifications, the existing philosophy of AlMgSi wires manufacturing technology for electrical applications has to be revised. Strength specifications of precipitation hardened AlMgSi alloys may be enhanced by strain and by precipitation hardening. Therefore from the scientific point of view identification seems to be relevant of the impact of the sequence of these mechanisms on development of final wire properties. In particular, this paper tries to answer the following question: Does the sequence of hardening mechanisms affect the development of mechanical properties of AlMgSi alloy wires? The paper presents results of a study of the impact of artificial ageing parameters of 6201 grade AlMgSi alloy wires on their final properties. The study results are presented and discussed in two parts. The first part addresses the impact of artificial aging temperature and duration on the strength properties of AlMgSi (grade 6201) alloy wire rod. The second part is focused on hardening development in the process of drawing of a AlMgSi wire made of the same alloy grade, subjected to different thermal treatments, the parameters of which have been selected based on analysis of the results of the first, wire-rod related, part of the study.

scholarly journals Impact of Changes in a Distribution Network Nature on the Capacitive Reactive Power Flow into the Transmission Network in Slovakia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5321
Author(s):  
Matej Tazky ◽  
Michal Regula ◽  
Alena Otcenasova
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Reactive Power Flow ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Voltage

The main emphasis in the operation of an electricity system is placed on its safe and reliable operation. The flow of reactive power in a network can affect voltage conditions in individual nodes of the transmission system. In recent years, there have been changes in the network that have resulted in increased capacitive reactive power flows from lower voltage levels to higher ones. These flows can cause the voltage to rise above the limit. This paper examines recent changes in the reactive power transmission in the network, especially at lower voltage levels. The possible impact of these changes on the flow of capacitive reactive power at higher voltage levels is analyzed. This paper also presents a description and the simulated impact of power lines at different voltage levels on reactive power flows. Real measurements of different types of consumers at the low-voltage (LV) level are analyzed. Finally, a simulation model was created to simulate the impact of a customer’s power contribution to the reactive power flows from the point of view of a 110 kV voltage node. This node is characterized as a supply point.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Origin and Classification of Out-of-Plane Fiber Waviness in Composite Materials—A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Michael Thor ◽  
Markus G. R. Sause ◽  
Roland M. Hinterhölzl
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Fiber Waviness ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The Impact

Out-of-plane fiber waviness, also referred to as wrinkling, is considered one of the most significant effects that occur in composite materials. It significantly affects mechanical properties, such as stiffness, strength and fatigue and; therefore, dramatically reduces the load-carrying capacity of the material. Fiber waviness is inherent to various manufacturing processes of fiber-reinforced composite parts. They cannot be completely avoided and thus have to be tolerated and considered as an integral part of the structure. Because of this influenceable but in many cases unavoidable nature of fiber waviness, it might be more appropriate to consider fiber waviness as effects or features rather than defects. Hence, it is important to understand the impact of different process parameters on the formation of fiber waviness in order to reduce or, in the best case, completely avoid them as early as possible in the product and process development phases. Mostly depending on the chosen geometry of the part and the specific manufacturing process used, different types of fiber waviness result. In this study, various types of waviness are investigated and a classification scheme is developed for categorization purposes. Numerous mechanisms of wrinkling were analyzed, leading to several recommendations to prevent wrinkle formation, not only during composite processing, but also at an earlier design stage, where generally several influence factors are defined.

scholarly journals Pathways Analyzer: Design of a Tool for the Synthetic Assembly of Escherichia Coli K-12 MG1655 Bacteria for Biofuel Production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vasquez ◽  
Ricardo Alvarado ◽  
Allan Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
K 12 ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTSummaryDue to the impact of environmental pollution, the importance of producing high quality biofuels and to leverage organic waste that normally would have no use has increased over time. Through synthetic biology, it is possible to improve existing organisms to process waste that is traditionally not used for biofuel production, such as whey.With the redesign of metabolic pathways, it is possible to create connections for the implementation of new organisms that carry out functions that are normally not present in nature.From a computational point of view, metabolic pathways, which can be found in data sources as KEGG, can be converted to a graph data structure. These transformations enable the use of well-known algorithms, which enables the optimization of the analyses required to achieve the assembly of new organisms.The present work aims to design a tool for the transformation of metabolic pathways and the development of path finding algorithms that establish relevant links between compounds that are essential to the biofuel production process.As a result, a catalog of biobricks is created from the analysis of a subset of paths which can be used in the design stage of the synthetic assembly of the E. coli bacteria. The assembly’s structure and functions are characterized according to the pieces used.Finally, new constructions are visualized with the goal of demonstrating and supporting the analysis processes, thus assisting people that work in the field of Synthetic Biology.AvailabilityPathways Analyzer is accessible at: https://gitlab.com/lvasquezcr/pathways-analyzer/

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document