Utility Combustion Turbine Evaluation of Coal Liquid Fuels

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-725
Author(s):  
M. J. Ambrose ◽  
R. F. Costello ◽  
H. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Petroleum Distillate ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Filter Size ◽  
Fuel Filter ◽  
Test Engine ◽  
Distillate Fuel

A comprehensive field test was performed to evaluate the suitability of H-Coal middle distillate and full-range Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS) coal-derived liquids (CDLs) as utility combustion turbine fuels. A Westinghouse W251AA 26 MW combustion turbine operated by the Philadelphia Electric Company was the test engine. No. 2 petroleum distillate fuel was also fired to establish baseline data. This program was sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute. Site modifications included a temporary CDL storage and fuel transfer system, water storage and injection equipment, an instrumented combustor, engine and emissions instrumentation and data acquisition systems, and industrial hygiene facilities required for the proper handling of the CDLs. The overall results of testing were positive for using such CDL fuels in combustion turbines for power generation. With the exception of higher combustor metal temperatures with the CDLs, and persistent fuel filter plugging with the EDS fuel (which occurred even with increased fuel temperature and filter size), the engine operated satisfactorily during approximately 80 hr of total running over the standard range of load and water injection conditions.

Utility Combustion Turbine Evaluation of Coal Liquid Fuels

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Ambrose ◽  
Rocco F. Costello ◽  
Henry Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Petroleum Distillate ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Filter Size ◽  
Fuel Filter ◽  
Test Engine ◽  
Distillate Fuel

A comprehensive field test was performed to evaluate the suitability of H-Coal middle distillate and full-range Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS) coal derived liquids (CDLs) as utility combustion turbine fuels. A Westinghouse W251AA 26 MW combustion turbine operated by the Philadelphia Electric Company was the test engine. No. 2 petroleum distillate fuel was also fired to establish baseline data. This program was sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute. Site modifications included a temporary CDL storage and fuel transfer system, water storage and injection equipment, an instrumented combustor, engine and emissions instrumentation and data acquisition systems, and industrial hygiene facilities required for the proper handling of the CDLs. The overall results of testing were positive for using such CDL fuels in combustion turbines for power generation. With the exception of higher combustor metal temperatures with the CDLs, and persistent fuel filter plugging with the EDS fuel, (which occurred even with increased fuel temperature and filter size), the engine operated satisfactorily during approximately 80 hours of total running over the standard range of load and water injection conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Shale Oil as a Utility Gas Turbine Fuel

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sederquist ◽  
J. Frese ◽  
J. McVey ◽  
C. L. Knauf ◽  
H. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Electric Power Research Institute ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Petroleum Distillate ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Percent Nitrogen ◽  
Distillate Fuel ◽  
Engine Power

The work described in this paper was conducted under an Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Contract RP1691-2, “Evaluation of Shale Oil Residual as a Utility Gas Turbine Fuel.” An FT4A-9 engine was run at Long Island Lighting Company (LILCO), and a selected single-can combustor from the LILCO engine was run at United Technologies on No. 2 petroleum distillate fuel and hydrotreated Paraho shale oil residual, with and without water injection. The use of hot water injection was successfully demonstrated, with reduced NOx emissions and low smoke on both fuels. The EPA NOx limit of 125 ppm for fuels containing 0.25 percent nitrogen or greater was close to being met at 18.5-MW engine power with shale oil residual at a water-to-fuel mass ratio of 0.79.

scholarly journals Q-Learning Neural Controller for Steam Generator Station in Micro Cogeneration Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5334
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lalik ◽  
Mateusz Kozek ◽  
Szymon Podlasek ◽  
Rafał Figaj ◽  
Paweł Gut
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of the optimization of steam generator control systems powered by mixtures of liquid fuels containing biofuels. The numerical model was based on the results of experimental research of steam generator operation in an open system. The numerical model is used to build control algorithms that improve performance, increase efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and increase safety in the full range of operation of the steam generator and the cogeneration system of which it is a component. In this research, the following parameters were monitored: temperature and pressure of the circulating medium, exhaust gas temperature, oxygen content in exhaust gas, percentage control of oil burner power. Two methods of controlling the steam generator were proposed: the classic one, using the PID regulator, and the advanced one, using artificial neural networks. The work shows how the model is adapted to the real system and the impact of the control algorithms on the efficiency of the combustion process. The example is considered for the implementation of advanced control systems in micro-, small- and medium-power cogeneration and trigeneration systems in order to improve their final efficiency and increase the profitability of implementation.

The Effect of Water Injection for Emissions Control on Industrial Gas Turbine Combustors

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Antos ◽  
W. C. Emmerling
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

One common method of reducing the NOx emissions from industrial gas turbines is to inject water into the combustion process. The amount of water injected depends on the emissions rules that apply to a particular unit. Westinghouse W501B industrial gas turbines have been operated at water injection levels required to meet EPA NOx emissions regulations. They also have been operated at higher injection levels required to meet stricter California regulations. Operation at the lower rates of water did not affect combustor inspection and/or repair intervals. Operation on liquid fuels with high rates of water also did not result in premature distress. However, operation on gas fuel at high rates of water did cause premature distress in the combustors. To evaluate this phenomenon, a comprehensive test program was conducted; it demonstrated that the distress is the result of the temperature patterns in the combustor caused by the high rates of water. The test also indicated that there is no significant change in dynamic response levels in the combustor. This paper presents the test results, and the design features selected to substantially improve combustor wall temperature when operating on gas fuels, with the high rates of water injection required to meet California applications. Mechanical design features that improve combustor resistance to water injection-induced thermal gradients also are presented.

Analysis of Biodiesel Spray Combustion in Internal-Combustion Engine using Multidimensional Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyu Zheng ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Tianqi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Phase Control ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Spray Combustion ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Ic Engine

With the rapid scale expansion of the first generation of bio-liquid fuels, its impact on the prices of agricultural products, food security and the environment has begun to emerge and attracted extensive attention from governments and academia. A new multi-dimensional model of biodiesel spray combustion in an internal combustion (IC) engine is designed. Firstly, the BP neural network mining model is used to extract the spray combustion data of the IC engine. Then, based on the combustion data of biodiesel load in an internal combustion engine, burning rate and heat release, the principle of spray combustion of biodiesel is analyzed. Finally, from the two aspects of gas-phase control and liquid phase control, a multi-dimensional model of biodiesel spray combustion in IC engine is established and the spray combustion characteristics of biodiesel in IC engine are analyzed. The research results show that the model can effectively analyze the effect of load and fuel temperature on the spray combustion characteristics of biodiesel and the results of the model are almost the same as the actual data and the calculation accuracy is high. It is an effective method for studying the spray combustion characteristics of biodiesel.

Cold Water Injection and Rod Ejection Analysis of Annular Fueled PWRs by a Hybrid Lumped Parameter Model

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana P. Duarte ◽  
José de Jesus Rivero ◽  
Antonio Carlos M. Alvim ◽  
José Roberto C. Piqueira ◽  
Paulo F. F. Frutuoso e Melo
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Pressurized Water Reactor ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Lumped Parameter

Annular fuels are being studied to increase the power of advanced third-generation reactors by 50%. This paper aimed to analyze transient scenarios through a hybrid lumped parameter-finite difference model in a pressurized water reactor with annular fuel. The model used in this work is more detailed than the double lumped parameter one, but still simple enough to model some transients in PWR fuels, as rod ejection accident and cold water insertion accident. The heat transfer equations are solved by the numerical semi-implicit Crank-Nicolson method together with point kinetics equations with six groups of delayed neutrons and a lumped parameter model for the reactor coolant. The model takes into account in an approximate way the hot spot by using a composed peaking factor equal to 2.5. The reactivity feedback is taken into account by considering the Doppler effect of fuel temperature, and also moderator temperature variation. The results were compared with solid fuel performance and showed that the annular fuel reached considerable lower fuel temperature profiles even for 150% power, as compared to 100% power for solid fuel, thus showing that this kind of fuel has a better safety performance for the transients analyzed. The rod ejection accident showed that feedback effects can lead the reactor to a new safe steady state condition.

Measurement and Abatement of PM Emitted by Stationary Gas Turbines: Experience Gained With Different Fuels and Combustor Types

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristotelis Komodromos ◽  
George Moniatis ◽  
Frixos Kontopoulos ◽  
George Zaimis ◽  
Matthieu Vierling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Combustion Systems

Whichever the type of combustion installation, liquid fuels burned in gas turbines tend to generate particulate matter (PM) emissions, which consist in soot only or in ash plus soot, according to their ash-free or ash-forming character. Standard diffusion flame combustion systems are known as “universal” combustors, capable to burn both ash-free (naphtha, light and heavy distillates) and ash-forming (crude and heavy) fuels. In contrast, DLN systems are designed to burn gaseous fuels and light distillates. PMs in the range of a few parts per million represent a solid micropollutant, the measurement and abatement of which creates specific technical challenges. In order to fully characterize soot emission and investigate their reduction, GE has undertaken a multi-year investigation program covering (i) an exploratory engineering study starting from the EN13284-1 standard and (ii) the testing of a number of inorganic oxidation catalysts used in the form of fuel additives (“soot inhibitors”). In this framework, a joint work involving GE and Electricity Authority of Cyprus has been conducted in the first half of 2017 and a full-scale test plan has been performed at the Vasilikos power plant in Cyprus, involving a Frame 6F.03 DLN2.6 that burns light distillate oil and is equipped with a DeNOx water injection system. Four types of soot inhibitor additives: cerium (IV) and (III), iron (III) and (II) were tested. This paper reviews the results of this field test and compares them with data previously acquired at other power plants featuring different liquid fuels and combustion systems. Its goal is to provide the gas turbine community with a better understanding of PM emissions and their abatement using various soot inhibitor candidates, in function of liquid fuel type and combustion system.

Low NOx and Fuel Flexible Gas Turbine Combustors

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Lew ◽  
S. M. DeCorso ◽  
G. Vermes ◽  
D. Carl ◽  
W. J. Havener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Flames ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Petroleum Distillate ◽  
Technical Program ◽  
Middle Distillate ◽  
Technology Project ◽  
Nitrogen Conversion ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Very High ◽  
Distillate Fuel

The work described in this paper is a part of the DOE/LeRC “Advanced Conversion Technology Project” (ACT). The program is a multiple contract effort with funding provided by the Department of Energy and technical program management provided by NASA LeRC. Testing has been done burning a petroleum distillate fuel (ERBS fuel), a coal derived fuel (SRC II middle distillate), a petroleum residual fuel, and various blends of these fuels. Measurements are made of NOx CO, and UHC emissions, and other measurements are made to evaluate combustor performance. Results to date indicate that rich-lean diffusion flames, with low fuel bound nitrogen conversion, are achievable with very high combustion efficiencies.

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