A Model on Liquid Penetration Into Soft Material With Application to Needle-Free Jet Injection

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Chen ◽  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Gary J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Liquid Penetration ◽  
Jet Injection ◽  
Free Jet ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Jet Penetration ◽  
Continuous Deposition

A mathematical model has been presented for a high speed liquid jet penetration into soft solid by a needle-free injection system. The model consists of a cylindrical column formed by the initial jet penetration and an expansion sphere due to continuous deposition of the liquid. By solving the equations of energy conservation and volume conservation, the penetration depth and the radius of the expansion sphere can be predicted. As an example, the calculation results were presented for a typical needle-free injection system into which a silicon rubber was injected into. The calculation results were compared with the experimental results.

scholarly journals Fundamental Study of Electromagnetic Actuated Needle-Free Jet Injection

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.7) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Gittiphong Sripanagul ◽  
Anirut Matthujak
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuator ◽  
Jet Injection ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Free Jet ◽  
Jet Penetration

The objective of this paper is to preliminarily study the needle-free jet injection by electromagnetic actuator. The jets were generated by electromagnetic actuator, being designed and manufactured for this study. Effects of orifice diameter of the nozzle, travelling distance, voltage and liquid volume on jet velocity and impact pressure were investigated by laser beam interruption method and PVDF pressure sensor respectively. Moreover, the evolution of jet penetration during the injection into 20% Polyacrylamide gel was visualized by high-speed video camera. It was found that the electromagnetic actuator with the orifice diameter of 0.2 mm at travelling distance of 5 mm and voltage of 500 Volt at all liquid volumes can be applied for needle-free jet injection. The introductory channel as well as circular       dispersion was obviously observed seen from the evolution of jet penetration into 20% Polyacrylamide gel.  

Visualization of Pulsed Aerated Liquid Jet in Supersonic Cross Flow

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sapmaz ◽  
B. Alkan ◽  
C. X. Lin ◽  
C. Ghenai
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Jet Injection ◽  
Fuel Jet ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Jet Penetration

The success of supersonic air-breathing propulsion systems will be largely dependent on efficient injection, mixing, and combustion inside the supersonic combustion chamber. Fuel/air mixing enhancement inside the combustion chamber will depend on the strategies used to control the fuel jet penetration and liquid fuel droplet size, trajectory, and dispersion. We present in these paper experimental results on the mixing of pure liquid jet, aerated liquid jet and pulsed aerated liquid jet in supersonic cross flow. Transverse aerated liquid jet injection will offer relatively rapid near-field mixing, good fuel penetration and better atomization of liquid fuel. Fully modulated or pulsed fuel jet injection will introduce additional supplementary turbulent mixing. High speed imaging system is used in this study for the visualization of the injection of liquid jet in high speed cross flow. The results presented in this paper show the effect of jet/cross flow momentum ratio, the gas/liquid mass ratio and pulsing frequency on the penetration of aerated liquid jet in supersonic cross-flow. The data generated in this study will be used for the development of active control strategies to optimize the liquid fuel jet penetration and supersonic fuel/air mixing.

scholarly journals A Needle-Free Jet Injection System for Controlled Release and Repeated Biopharmaceutical Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1770
Author(s):  
Mojiz Abbas Trimzi ◽  
Young-Bog Ham
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Hydraulic Circuit ◽  
Jet Injection ◽  
Free Jet

Swift vaccination is necessary as a response to disease outbreaks and pandemics; otherwise, the species under attack is at risk of a high fatality rate or even mass extinction. Statistics suggest that at least 16 billion injections are administered worldwide every year. Such a high rate of needle/syringe injection administration worldwide is alarming due to the risk of needle-stick injuries, disease spread due to cross-contamination and the reuse of needles, and the misuse of needles. In addition, there are production, handling, and disposal costs. Needle phobia is an additional issue faced by many recipients of injections with needles. In addition to a detailed literature review highlighting the need for needle-free injection systems, a compressed air-driven needle-free jet injection system with a hydro-pneumatic mechanism was designed and developed by employing an axiomatic design approach. The proposed injection system has higher flexibility, uninterrupted force generation, and provides the possibility of delivering repeated injections at different tissue depths from the dermis to the muscle (depending on the drug delivery requirements) by controlling the inlet compressed air pressure. The designed needle-free jet injector consists of two primary circuits: the pneumatic and the hydraulic circuit. The pneumatic circuit is responsible for driving, pressurizing, and repeatability. The hydraulic circuit precisely injects and contains the liquid jet, allowing us to control the volume of the liquid jet at elevated pressure by offering flexibility in the dose volume per injection. Finally, in this paper we report on the successful design and working model of an air-driven needle-free jet injector for 0.2–0.5 mL drug delivery by ex vivo experimental validation.

Analysis of Micro-Explosion Phenomenon in a Constant Volume Chamber by Butanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

2012 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 996-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Xin Mei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber ◽  
Jet Penetration

Different blend ratio of ternary component fuel was tested inside a constant volume chamber to investigate fuel injection and combustion under similar real engine working conditions. Because liquid spray light scattering is the different reflective rate from the liquid droplets and its surrounding background, butanol-biodiesel-diesel liquid jet penetration length can be highlighted in the images taken by high speed camera. Various ambient temperatures from 800K to 1200K and fuel composition were investigated. Measured results showed that sudden but repeatable drop of liquid jet penetration length at constant ambient temperature conditions of 800K and 900K. With ambient temperature increasing, this phenomenon became weak and disappeared. So more works focus on non-combusting experiments in order to delete combustion reflect. With butanol and biodiesel content increasing, micro explosion becomes prone excited and more violent because of the enlarged differences in volatilities and boiling point among the components. It is concluded that micro explosion which will distinctly enhances premixed combustion process and heat release rate but it present under certain initial ambient temperature conditions only and the light fuel content shouldn’t be lower than 10%.

A New Concept of Needle-Free Jet Injector by the Impact Driven Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachya Mukda ◽  
Kulachate Pianthong ◽  
Wirapan Seehanam
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Free Jet ◽  
Impact Peak ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Jet Velocity ◽  
Commercial Device ◽  
Jet Injectors ◽  
The Impact

Currently, most of commercial needle-free jet injectors generate the liquid jet by a method called “driving object method” (DOM); however, the reliability and efficiency are still questioned. This paper proposes a new concept of jet generation method, known as “impact driven method” (IDM). A prototype of an IDM jet injector is designed, built, tested, and compared to a commercial device (Cool.click, Tigard, OR). Fundamental characteristics, i.e., the exit jet velocity and impact pressure, are measured. Jet injection processes are visualized both in air and in 20% polyacrylamide by high speed photography. In this study, from the prototype of the IDM jet injector, a maximum jet velocity of 400 m/s and impact peak pressure of 68 MPa can be obtained. It is clear that the IDM jet injector provides a double pulsed liquid jet, which is a major advantage over the commercial jet injector. Because, the first pulse gives a shorter erosion stage, and then, immediately the second pulse follows and provides a better penetration, wider lateral dispersion, and considerably less back splash. Hence, lower pain level and higher delivery efficiency should be achieved. It can be concluded that the IDM concept is highly feasible for implementation in real applications, either for human or animal injection. However, the control and accuracy of IDM still needs to be carefully investigated.

Findings of Study of Needle-Free Jet-Injection System with Lidocaine Are Contrary To Published Reports: In Response

2004 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1504-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lysakowski ◽  
Lionel Dumont ◽  
Martin Tramèr ◽  
Edömer Tassonyi
Keyword(s):  
Injection System ◽  
Jet Injection ◽  
Free Jet

Droplet Interaction in the Liquid Injection by Multiple Orifices in the Performance of a Venturi Scrubber

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 896-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vádila Giovana Guerra ◽  
M.A.F. Daher ◽  
M.V. Rodrigues ◽  
José Antônio Silveira Gonçalves ◽  
José Renato Coury
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Venturi Scrubber ◽  
Liquid Injection ◽  
Multiple Jets ◽  
Jet Penetration

The Venturi scrubber, equipment frequently used in the removal of particles from gases, is constituted basically by a duct with a convergent section followed by a constriction, or throat, and a divergent section. A liquid, usually injected in the throat, is atomized by the flowing air at high speed. The formed droplets act as collectors of particles from the gas. The size and the size distribution of the droplets inside the equipment are therefore of great importance in the equipment performance. In the present work, the liquid jet penetration is visualized and the study of the droplet formation in a rectangular Venturi is carried out. The liquid injection is made through multiple orifices and the interaction of multiple jets is taken into account. In the experimental tests, the gas velocity in the throat, the liquid flow rate and the number of orifices for liquid injection were varied. A Malvern Spraytec aerosol analyzer was used for measuring of the droplet size and size distribution. The results showed that the liquid jet penetration influences significantly the size of the formed droplet.

Experiment on Breakup Processes and Surface Waves of Round Liquid Jets in Crossflows

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Xiong-hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Column ◽  
Injection Velocity ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Jet Injection ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Test Operation ◽  
The Cross

An experiment was conducted to investigate the surface wave development and the breakup processes of round water jets in cross airflows at room temperature and pressure by high-speed photography. The jets were injected normal to the crossflow direction opposing gravitation forces from a plain orifice nozzle with the diameter of 0.3 mm and length-to-diameter ratio of 40. Successive images were recorded by a megapixel high-speed video camera with maximum frame rate frequency of 10000 Hz. The jet injection velocity varied from 3.8 m/s to 7.8 m/s. The crossflow velocity varied from 25.6 m/s to 35.1 m/s which resulted in the liquid-to-air momentum flux ratio varied from 10.2 to 80. The experimental results indicate that the surface of the liquid jet is smooth at first and then the initial surface wave appears a distance downstream along the jet column. The structure of the liquid jet would be successively deformed to a spiral wave in the cross airflow. When the amplitude grows large enough the liquid column is pinched into segments from the locations of wave troughs due to surface tension. With the increasing of the cross airflow velocity the aerodynamic forces, instead of the surface tension, begin to play an important role in the column breakup process. The liquid column is disintegrated by the cutting of the aerodynamic forces. The smooth length defined as the distance from where initial surface wave appears to the nozzle exit is correlated with the test operation parameters. The smooth length will be increased with the increasing of the jet injection velocity and decreased with the increasing of airflow velocity. The liquid jet column will bend and fluctuate in the crossflow and the normalized fluctuation displacement of the liquid column is correlated with the test operation parameters. The results depict that the increasing of jet injection velocity will diminish the jet column fluctuation whereas the increasing of airflow velocity will enhance it. The liquid column breakup points also fluctuate in the cross airflow. The coordinates of the time-averaged breakup locations are correlated with the liquid-to-air momentum ratio. The equation of the near-field liquid column trajectory curve before the column breakup point is concluded. The curves based on the equation agree well with the tested results.

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