The Propagation of Plasticity in Uniaxial Compression

1948 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. White ◽  
LeVan Griffis
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Velocity Range ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
The Face ◽  
Elastic Plastic Materials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Type Of Behavior

Abstract A theoretical investigation of the mechanism of uniaxial compression impact on elastic-plastic materials is described in this paper. The method of analysis is similar in some respects to that previously given for tension impact on such materials. It is concluded that four different kinds of behavior can occur, depending upon the impact velocity. In the lowest velocity range the behavior in compression is similar to that found in tension. In this case stress and strain are propagated from the point of impact as a zone or wave front of ever-increasing length. This type of behavior ends at a velocity corresponding to the “critical” velocity found in tension impact. Within the next higher velocity range, stress and strain are propagated as a shock-type wave, or wave of very small length in which the transition from low to high stress and strain is very abrupt. At still higher impact velocities, there occurs “flowing deformation” in which the material is too weak to maintain coherency. Here there is a steady flow of the material toward and against the hammer, after which it flows in a thin sheet radially outward over the face of the hammer. The final possible state occurs at impact velocities greater than the speed of an elastic wave, so that no disturbance can escape from the hammer into the medium. Here the behavior is essentially that of a fluid, impact force being independent of strength of material.

Compact Basis Free Relations for Stress Tensors Conjugate to Hill’s Strain Measures

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Naghdabadi ◽  
Mohsen Asghari ◽  
Kamyar Ghavam
Keyword(s):  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Conjugate Pair ◽  
Stress Tensors ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
The Right ◽  
Elastic Plastic Materials ◽  
Strain Measures

If the double contraction of a stress tensor such as T and rate of a Lagrangean strain tensor such as E, i.e. T : E˙, produces the stress power then these stress and strain tensors are called a conjugate pair. The applications of the conjugate stress and strain measures are in the development of the basic relations in nonlinear continuum mechanics analysis such as modeling of constitutive equations of elastic-plastic materials. In this paper relations for stress tensors conjugate to an arbitrary Lagrangean strain measure of Hill’s class are obtained. The results of this paper are more compact and simpler in compare with those available in the literature. The results are valid for the three dimensional Euclidean inner product space and the case of distinct eigenvalues of the right stretch tensor U.

Constrained Elastic-Plastic Materials

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Lin ◽  
P. M. Naghdi
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Yield Functions ◽  
Space Formulation ◽  
Elastic Plastic Materials ◽  
Strain Space

The main purpose of this paper is to present a general (purely mechanical) constrained theory of finitely deforming elastic-plastic materials. Our development is based on a strain-space formulation of plasticity and requires a detailed examination of the effect of constraint on various constitutive ingredients in the unconstrained theory, including the yield functions (in both the stress and strain spaces), the loading criteria, and various response functions. Also examined is the effect of constraint on the restrictions arising from the work inequality of Naghdi and Trapp (1975b).

scholarly journals Determination of stress and strain concentrations in the elastic-plastic materials under bending and torsion

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
M. Kurek ◽  
T. Łagoda ◽  
P. Warmuzek
Keyword(s):  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Elastic Plastic Materials

scholarly journals Study on Model of Penetration into Thick Metallic Targets with Finite Planar Sizes by Long Rods

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Junhai Zhao ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Strength Theory ◽  
Unified Strength Theory ◽  
Cylindrical Cavity Expansion ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Long Rod ◽  
Expansion Model ◽  
Elastic Plastic Materials ◽  
The Impact

A finite cylindrical cavity expansion model for metallic thick targets with finite planar sizes, composed of ideal elastic-plastic materials, with penetration of high-speed long rod is presented by using the unified strength theory. Considering the lateral boundary and mass abrasion of the target, the penetration resistance and depth formulas are proposed, solutions of which are obtained by MATLAB program. Then, a series of different criteria-based analytical solutions are obtained and the ranges of penetration depth of targets with different ratios of target radius to projectile radius (rt/rd) are predicted. Meanwhile, the numerical simulation is performed using the ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element code to investigate the variations in residual projectile velocity, length, and mass abrasion. It shows that various parameters have influences on the antipenetration performance of the target, such as the strength coefficient b, rt/rd, the shape of the projectile nose, and the impact velocity of the projectile, among which the penetration depth has increased by 18.95% as b = 1 decreases to b = 0 and has increased by 32.28% as rt/rd = 19.88 decreases to rt/rd = 4.9.

Particularities of the independent auditor's report on reliability of accounting (financial) statements for 2019: COVID-19 as qualitatively essential information (Part 2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 777-799
Author(s):  
O.I. Shvyreva ◽  
Z.I. Kruglyak ◽  
A.V. Petukh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Risk Disclosure ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
The Face ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the practice of financial reporting in the face of uncertainties caused by the coronavirus contagion, as well as the specifics of the audit strategy and formation of an audit opinion on this reporting. Objectives. The article aims to identify the quality characteristics of financial reporting prepared in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and justify the key aspects of assurance engagement completion in an extremely uncertain epidemiological and economic situation. Methods. For the study, we used an abstract-logical method, content analysis techniques, systematization, and classification. Results. Analyzing the impact of the extremely uncertain epidemiological and economic situation on financial statements, the article clarifies aspects of disclosure of events after the reporting date and threats to business continuity in the annual reporting of economic entities. The article identifies possible alternative procedures and algorithms to obtain proper evidence when it is insufficient in the face of the inability to meet certain audit standards requirements in a remote audit environment. The article defines the impact of COVID-19 risk disclosure on the structure of the audit report and opinion. Relevance. The results of the study can be used in the practical activities of economic entities that prepare financial statements in the face of significant uncertainty, as well as auditors and audit organizations.

Safe development of business and national economy in the face of a pandemic and global recession

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1198
Author(s):  
I.V. Vyakina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Graphical Visualization ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Business Support ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the national economic security of the State in today's conditions. Objectives. The article aims to develop a set of special measures for additional business support to reduce the impact of restrictions imposed against the background of quarantine and the pandemic spread, and which would help prevent collapse of business entities. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of theoretical, systems, logical, and comparative analyses, and tabular and graphical visualization techniques. Results. The article proposes possible measures to support business aimed at reducing the costs of business entities due to the restrictions caused by the pandemic, that complement and explain the activities proposed by the President and Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the regional and municipal levels. Conclusions. The uncertain current situation requires constant adjustment and adaptation of public policy in accordance with specific circumstances. Ensuring the country's economic security and sustainability associates with creation of a business organization system that connects public administration tools and business support and development opportunities under the changed environment.

The Impact of Terrorism on Construction Industry in Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Wadhah Amer Hatem ◽  
Samiaah M. Hassen Al-Tmeemy
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Suicide Attacks ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

     Suicide attacks, bombings, explosions became the part of daily life in Iraq. Consequently, the threat of terrorism put the Iraqi construction sector in the face of unique and unusual challenges that not seen on other countries. These challenges can have extensive impact on construction projects. This paper seeks to examine the impact of the terrorist attacks on construction industry and determine the extent to which the impact of terrorism on construction projects in terms of cost, schedule, and quality. This study adapted quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect data using questionnaire survey and interviews, as well as historical data. The study focused on projects that have been the target of terrorist strikes in Diyala governorate. A variety of statistical procedures were employed in data analysis. The results revealed the extent to which terrorist attacks impact construction projects in terms of cost, time, and quality. The results of this study will enhance the awareness of all construction parties to the impact of the terrorist attacks against construction projects. Eventually, this can develop a risk management assessment and assist contractors to properly protect projects and buildings to minimize injuries and fatalities in the event of terrorism.

Impact of Chatbot in Transforming the Face of Retailing- An Empirical Model of Antecedents and Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Anshu ◽  
Loveleen Gaur ◽  
Arun Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
The Face ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Chatbot has emerged as a significant resolution to the swiftly growing customer caredemands in recent times. Chatbot has emerged as one of the biggest technological disruption. Simply speaking, it is a software agent facilitating interaction between computers and humans in natural language. So basically, it is a simulated, intellectual dialogue agent functional in a range of consumer engagement circumstances. It is the easiest and simplest means enable interaction between the retailers and the customers. </p><p> • Purpose- Most of the research work done in this field is concerned with their technical aspects. The recent research on chatbot pay little attention to the impact it is creating on users’ experience. Through this work, author is making an effort to know the customer-oriented impact that the chatbot bear on the shoppers. The purpose of this study is to develop and empirically test a framework that identify the customer oriented attributes of chatbot and impact of these attributes on customers. </p><p> • Objectives- The study intends to bridge the gap between concepts and actual attributes and applications on the subject of Chatbot. The following research objectives can address the various aspects of Chatbot affecting the different characteristics of consumers shopping behaviors: a) Identify the various attributes of chatbot that bears an impression on consumer shopping behavior. b) Evaluate the impact of chatbot on consumer shopping behavior that leads to the development of chatbot usage and adoption among the customer. </p><p> • Design/Methodology/Approach – For the purpose of analysis, author has administered Factor analysis and Multiple regression using SPSS version 23 for identification of various attributes of Chatbot and knowing their impact on shoppers. A self-administered questionnaire from the review of literature is developed. Industry experts in the field of retailing and academician evaluate the questionnaire. Primary information from the respondents is gathered using this questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises of Likert scale on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 stands for strongly disagree and 5 stands for strongly agree. Data is collected from 126 respondents, out of which 111 respondents were finally considered for study and analysis purpose. </p><p> • Findings – The empirical results show that the study identifies various attributes of chatbot like Trust, Usefulness, Satisfaction, Readiness to Use and Accessibility. It is also found that chatbot is really influencing the customers in providing them with shopping experience, which can be very helpful to the businesses for increasing the sales and creating repurchase intention among the customers. </p><p> • Originality/value – The recent research on chatbot pay little attention to the impact it is creating on customers who are actually interacting with it on regular basis. The research paper extends information for understanding and appreciating the customer oriented attributes of artificially intelligent Chatbot. In this regard, the author has developed a model framework and proposed the attributes identified. Through the work, author is also making an effort to test empirically the impact of the identified attributes on the shoppers.

Moral Responsibility, Socially Embedded

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
The Face ◽  
Moral Theorizing ◽  
The Impact

This chapter asks whether we can hold on to the picture of the morally responsible subject as we knew it in the face of evidence from social psychology about the impact of contexts on human behaviour. Some theorists have taken this to present a major challenge to moral theorizing. However, the chapter argues that, while we should acknowledge the malleability of human behaviour, we should not give up the notion of responsible agency. Rather, we need to broaden our theoretical horizon in order to include individuals’ co-responsibility for the contexts in which they act. This argument is a general one, but it is of particular relevance for organizations: it is our shared responsibility to turn them into contexts in which moral agency is supported rather than undermined.

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