Novel Catalytic Systems for Waste Tires Pyrolysis: Optimization of Gas Fraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Kordoghli ◽  
Maria Paraschiv ◽  
Mohand Tazerout ◽  
Besma Khiari ◽  
Fethi Zagrouba
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Thermal Range ◽  
Thermal Pyrolysis ◽  
Liquid Yield ◽  
First Time

In this paper, catalyzed pyrolysis of scrap tires was studied in order to identify the influence of catalysts on gas composition during the main thermal range of the decomposition process. The aim is related to gas fraction optimization in terms of yield, composition, and distribution during the pyrolysis process. This is an original work using for the first time powder catalysts (MgO, Al2O3, CaCO3, and zeolite ZSM-5) uniformly distributed on a single layer of oyster shells (OSs) particles. The catalyst/tires mass ratio was kept for all the tests at 1/30. Depending on used catalyst, pyrolysis products yields ranged from 39 to 42 wt.% for char, from 26 to 38 wt.% for oils, and from 16 to 30 wt.% for gas. Compared to the thermal pyrolysis, it was found that the liquid yield increases in the presence of MgO/OS, while the use of Al2O3/OS decreases it significantly. The gas yield grows in the presence of Al2O3/OS ranging from 24.6 wt.% (thermal pyrolysis) to 30.6 wt.%. On the other hand, ZSM-5/OS and CaCO3/OS did not bring significant changes in products yield, but there are considerable influences on the evolution of gas composition during the tires decomposition. Also, two important advantages of using these new catalytic systems are identified. These relate to the formation of gaseous species throughout the waste decomposition, thus harmonizing the calorific value for the entire thermal range, and the disappearance of heavy molecules in liquid fractions, simplifying or canceling further upgrading processes.

scholarly journals Selectivity control in hydrogenation through adaptive catalysis using ruthenium nanoparticles on a CO2-responsive support

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Bordet ◽  
Sami El Sayed ◽  
Matthew Sanger ◽  
Kyle J. Boniface ◽  
Deepti Kalsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Ruthenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Amine Functionalized ◽  
Hydrogenation Reactions ◽  
Selectivity Control

AbstractWith the advent of renewable carbon resources, multifunctional catalysts are becoming essential to hydrogenate selectively biomass-derived substrates and intermediates. However, the development of adaptive catalytic systems, that is, with reversibly adjustable reactivity, able to cope with the intermittence of renewable resources remains a challenge. Here, we report the preparation of a catalytic system designed to respond adaptively to feed gas composition in hydrogenation reactions. Ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on amine-functionalized polymer-grafted silica act as active and stable catalysts for the hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural acetone and related substrates. Hydrogenation of the carbonyl group is selectively switched on or off if pure H2 or a H2/CO2 mixture is used, respectively. The formation of alkylammonium formate species by the catalytic reaction of CO2 and H2 at the amine-functionalized support has been identified as the most likely molecular trigger for the selectivity switch. As this reaction is fully reversible, the catalyst performance responds almost in real time to the feed gas composition.

Perforation mechanics of UHMWPE soft ballistic sub-laminate and soft ballistic armor pack: A finite element study

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110420
Author(s):  
Bazle Z (Gama) Haque ◽  
John W Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Transverse Impact ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Uhmwpe Fibers ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

Soft-ballistic sub-laminate (SBSL) made from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers in [0/90] stacking sequence are the building block of a multi-layer soft-ballistic armor pack (SBAP, aka Soft Armor). A systematic study of the perforation dynamics of a single layer SBSL and several multi-layer SBAPs (2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 layers) is presented for the first time in the literature. A previously validated finite element model of transverse impact on a single layer is used to study the perforation mechanics of multi-layer SBAPs with friction between individual layers. Following the classical definition of ballistic limit velocity, a minimum perforation velocity has been determined for free-standing single layer SBSL and multi-layer SBAPs. For the multi-layer SBAPs, complete perforations have been identified as progressive perforation of individual layers through the thickness. The minimum perforation velocities of multi-layer SBAPS is linear with the areal density for the eight (8) layer target and thicker. Large deformation behavior and perforation mechanics of the SBAPs is discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Multiparameter Sensor Array for Gas Composition Monitoring

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Arjen Boersma ◽  
Jörgen Sweelssen ◽  
Huib Blokland
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Number ◽  
Composition Monitoring

In the energy transition from fossil to renewable resources, gas is foreseen to play an important role. However, the composition of the gas is expected to change due to a wider variation of sources. In order to mitigate potential challenges for distributors and end-users, a new low-cost gas composition sensor was developed that will be able to monitor the composition and energy content of these gas sources, ranging from biogas to liquid natural gas (LNG). Together with industrial and academic partners a gas sensor was realized that can be inserted in an existing gas grid. A first demonstrator was realized that was small enough to be used in low and medium pressure gas pipes (100 mbarg—8 barg). Adding the pressure and temperature data to the chip readings enables to determine the concentrations of methane, ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, including small fluctuations in water vapor pressure and subsequently calculate the Calorific Value, Wobbe Index and Methane Number.

scholarly journals An Architecture of 2-Dimensional 4-Dot 2-Electron QCA Full Adder and Subtractor with Energy Dissipation Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdullah-Al-Shafi ◽  
Ali Newaz Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Full Adder ◽  
Energy Depletion ◽  
Xor Gate ◽  
Quantum Dot Cellular Automata ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Computational Procedures ◽  
First Time

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is the beginning of novel technology and is capable of an appropriate substitute for orthodox semiconductor transistor technology in the nanoscale extent. A competent adder and subtractor circuit can perform a substantial function in devising arithmetic circuits. The future age of digital techniques will exercise QCA as preferred nanotechnology. The QCA computational procedures will be simplified with an effective full adder and subtractor circuit. The deficiencies of variations and assembly still endure as a setback in QCA based outlines, and being capricious and inclined to error is the limitation of these circuits. In this study, a new full adder and subtractor design using unique 3-input XOR gate with cells redundancy is proposed. This designs can be utilized to form different expedient QCA layouts. The structures are formed in a single layer deprived of cross-wiring. Besides, this study is directed to the analysis of the functionality and energy depletion possessions of the outlined full adder and subtractor circuits. For the first time, QCADesigner-Energy (QD-E) version 2.0.3 tool is utilized to find the overall depleted energy. The attained effects with QCADesigner have verified that the outlined design has enhanced functioning in terms of intricacy, extent, and latency in contrast to the earlier designs. Moreover, the redundant form of full adder and subtractor has uncomplicated and robust arrangement competing typical styles.

scholarly journals Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Stability in Hydrogen Evolution of Mo6 Iodide Clusters Supported on Graphene Oxide

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Marta Puche ◽  
Rocío García-Aboal ◽  
Maxim A. Mikhaylov ◽  
Maxim N. Sokolov ◽  
Pedro Atienzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Cluster Compound ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Active Cluster ◽  
First Time

Catalytic properties of the cluster compound (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6] (TBA = tetrabutylammonium) and a new hybrid material (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO (GO = graphene oxide) in water photoreduction into molecular hydrogen were investigated. New hybrid material (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO was prepared by coordinative immobilization of the (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6] onto GO sheets and characterized by spectroscopic, analytical, and morphological techniques. Liquid and, for the first time, gas phase conditions were chosen for catalytic experiments under UV–Vis irradiation. In liquid water, optimal H2 production yields were obtained after using (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6] and (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO) catalysts after 5 h of irradiation of liquid water. Despite these remarkable catalytic performances, “liquid-phase” catalytic systems have serious drawbacks: the cluster anion evolves to less active cluster species with partial hydrolytic decomposition, and the nanocomposite completely decays in the process. Vapor water photoreduction showed lower catalytic performance but offers more advantages in terms of cluster stability, even after longer radiation exposure times and recyclability of both catalysts. The turnover frequency (TOF) of (TBA)2Mo6Ii8@GO is three times higher than that of the microcrystalline (TBA)2[Mo6Ii8(O2CCH3)a6], in agreement with the better accessibility of catalytic cluster sites for water molecules in the gas phase. This bodes well for the possibility of creating {Mo6I8}4+-based materials as catalysts in hydrogen production technology from water vapor.

Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste in Japan

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Igarashi ◽  
Y. Hayafune ◽  
R. Sugamiya ◽  
Y. Nakagawa ◽  
K. Makishima
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Dual Fluidized Bed

Funabashi City’s Municipal Solid Waste Pyrolysis Plant is the first full-scale plant having a dual fluidized bed gasification system. The plant has the capacity of processing 4.5 × 105 kg/day of mixed municipal solid waste with a very limited emission of air, water and land pollutants. The energy is recovered as high calorific value fuel gas. Since April 1983, the plant has been in continuous operation. The purpose of this paper is to report on the system and the experience obtained during the 5 mo in which it was in operation. Data on the material balance of the pyrolysis, the analysis regarding the gas produced, the flue gas composition and the equipment used are included.

scholarly journals Mitigating Quantization Lobes in mmWave Low-bit Reconfigurable Reflective Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Theofanopoulos ◽  
Bharath Kashyap ◽  
Yiran Cui ◽  
Georgios Trichopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Random Phase ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
Phase Randomization ◽  
Reflective Surfaces

We present a method for the mitigation of quantization lobes in single-bit reconfigurable reflective surfaces (RRSs). Typically, RRSs are planar beamforming structures consisting of hundreds or thousands of antennas with integrated tunable switches. Under plane-wave illumination, single-bit RRSs suffer from undesired side lobes or quantization lobes, which are caused by the periodicity of the errors due to the limited number of bits used in phase quantization. In this work, we present a topology that suppresses the quantization lobes using single-layer, 1-bit RRSs, by implementing a fixed but random phase delay in every unit-cell. The introduction of phase randomization breaks the periodicity of the quantization errors, thus reducing the quantization lobe level (QLL). We carry out a theoretical analysis to demonstrate the effect of phase randomization in RRSs, and for the first time, provide the condition for choosing the range of randomization required to achieve the lowest sidelobe level (SLL). Leveraging this condition, we design a single-layer, 1-bit 30×30 randomized RRS at 222.5 GHz. The reflective surface is fabricated on a thin, low-loss alumina ribbon ceramic wafer from Corning Inc. using a simplified fabrication technique suitable for large-scale production of mmWave/THz RRSs. Finally, we present the radar cross-section (RCS) characterization results obtained from a quasi-optical measurement setup validating the mitigation of quantization lobes using the proposed randomization technique.

scholarly journals PLOTTING A DIAGRAM OF NATURAL GAS INTERCHANGEABILITY FOR THE ENERGY MARKET OF GEORGIA

World Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Namgaladze ◽  
Tornike Kiziria ◽  
Lena Shatakishvili ◽  
Tamaz Ghvanidze
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gases ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time

The increase in the cost of energy and the appearance of gases of various qualities led to the fact that calculations in the gas industry began to be made by measuring thermal energy.  To this day, in Georgia, the calculation of the amount of natural gas when paying for the used gas is in cubic meters.  As for the study of processes and parameters in the Georgian gas sector, it turned out that these processes are clearly stochastic.  Therefore, the purpose of the work is to develop criteria for the interchangeability of natural gas, in particular, a diagram of the interaction between the Wobbe index in total proportions of propane and nitrogen equivalent for the Georgian gas market, based on stochastic processes.  Thus, for the first time, an original methodology for plotting the Wobbe Index (calorific value) of interchangeable natural gases supplied to Georgia was developed.

scholarly journals Novel Bispidine-Monoterpene Conjugates—Synthesis and Application as Ligands for the Catalytic Ethylation of Chalcones

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7539
Author(s):  
Evgeniy V. Suslov ◽  
Konstantin Y. Ponomarev ◽  
Oxana S. Patrusheva ◽  
Sergey O. Kuranov ◽  
Alina A. Okhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Enantiomeric Excess ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
First Time

A number of new chiral bispidines containing monoterpenoid fragments have been obtained. The bispidines were studied as ligands for Ni-catalyzed addition of diethylzinc to chalcones. The conditions for chromatographic analysis by HPLC-UV were developed, in which the peaks of the enantiomers of all synthesized chiral products were separated, which made it possible to determine the enantiomeric excess of the resulting mixture. It was demonstrated that bispidine-monoterpenoid conjugates can be used as the ligands for diethylzinc addition to chalcone C=C double bond but not as inducers of chirality. Besides products of ethylation, formation of products of formal hydrogenation of the chalcone C=C double bond was observed in all cases. Note, that this formation of hydrogenation products in significant amounts in the presence of such catalytic systems was found for the first time. A tentative scheme explaining the formation of all products was proposed.

scholarly journals САМРЫН ЯСНЫ ПИРОЛИЗЫН СУДАЛГАА

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-45
Author(s):  
Б. Пүрэвсүрэн ◽  
Я. Даваажав ◽  
С. Батбилэг ◽  
Ч. Ганзори
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Porosity Structure ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

Манай орны Хангай, Хэнтийн уулын аглаг ойд ургадаг хуш модны самар нь хүнсний чухал бүтээгдэхүүн мөн хүнсний сайн чанарын тос гарган авч хэрэглэдэг. Хүмүүс жил бүр их хэмжээгээр түүж хүнсэнд хэрэглэхээс гадна нууцаар гадаад руу ихээр гаргадаг эх орны үнэт баялаг билээ. Хүмүүс самрыг ихээр цөмж ясыг нь тааралдсан газраа хаяж гудамж талбай, байгаль орчноо ихээр бохирдуулдаг.Сүүлийн жилүүдэд бидний судалгааны ажлын нэг үндсэн чиглэл болох органик түүхий эдүүдийн пиролизын судалгаа [1]-ны хүрээнд байгалийн үндсэн органик түүхий эд болох төрөл бүрийн нүүрс [2-6], занар [7-13], амьтны гаралтай цэвэр органик түүхий эд сүүний ээдэмцэр [14-23], зарим нэг хаягдал органик түүхий эдүүд болох малын яс [24-28], модны үртэс [28], нэг удаагийн хэрэглэсэн тариур[29]-ууд зэрэг түүхий эдүүдийн пиролизын туршилтуудыг хийж гарган авсан хатуу,шингэн ба хийн бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийн гарц хэмжээг тогтоож тэдгээрийн техникийн шинж чанар, химийн бүрэлдэхүүн ба хэрэглээний чиглэлийг тогтоох ажлуудыг үргэлжлүүлэн хийж байна.Иймд цөмөөд хаясан самрын яс нь органик хатуу хог хаягдал учраас түүнийг пиролзын болон хагас коксжуулалтын аргаар боловсруулж нүүрсжсэн хатуу бүтээгдэхүүн буюу хагас кокс, нефть төстэй шингэн давирхай ба шатдаг хий гарган авч болно гэж үзээд дээр дурьдсан судалгааны чиглэлд хамруулан судлахаар шийдвэрлэсэн юм. Хэрвээ хаягдал самрын ясыг ямар нэг аргаар цуглуулж чадвал энэ аргаар боловсруулж хэрэгтэй бүтээгдэхүүн болгон ашиглаж болно тухайлбал нүүрсжсэн хатуу үлдэгдэл нь нүх сүвэрхэг бүтэцтэй учир цаашид усны хэт халсан уураар нэмэлт боловсруулалт хийж нүх сүвэрхэг чанарыг нь нэмэгдүүлэн сайн чанарын шингээгч ба шүүгч материал болгон ашиглах бүрэн боложтойгоос гадна нэгэн төрлийн утаагүй шахмал түлш байдлаар ч ашиглаж болно.Самрын ясны пиролизоор үүссэн шингэн давирхай нь найрлагандаа олон янзын органик бодисуудыг агуулсан химийн үйлдвэрийн түүхий эд бөгөөд түүнээс шатахуун тослох материал ч гарган авах боломжтой ба хийг нь шатдаг хий болгон ашиглаж болно. Иймд самрын ясны пиролизын судалгааг хийж хатуу, шингэн ба хийн бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийн гарцыг нарийвчлан тогтоож нүүрсжсэн хатуу үлдэгдлийн нүх сүвэрхэг чанарыг судлах зорилтыг энэхүү ажлаараа давшүүлэн тавьж ажиллав.Түлхүүр үг самрын яс, идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрс, нүх сүвэрхэг бүтэц, давирхай, шатдаг хийINVESTIGATION ON PYROLYSIS OF WASTE OF CEDAR SHELLAbstract: The waste of cedar shell was the object of pyrolysis experiments. The technical characteristics of waste of cedar shell have been determined for first time and compared with technical characteristics of other organic raw materials such as coal, oil shall, casein, animal bone and plastic waste. Have been determined an optimal condition for pyrolysis of waste of cedar shell (heating temperature-500°C, heating rate-20°.C/min, time of pyrolysis-80 min.) and determined the yields of pyrolysis products including hard residue, tar, pyrolysis water and gases. The porosity structure of hard residue determined by the SEM analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v52i2.359 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Vol.52(2) 2012 p.45-52

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