Intelligent Machine Operator Identification to Develop Damage-Reducing Operating Strategies for Mobile Machines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Brinkschulte ◽  
Marcus Geimer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Operator Identification ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Machine Operator

Abstract Mobile machines are exposed to a multitude of influencing factors, such as the working task, the operator and the environmental conditions. This leads to a broad spectrum of load collectives for the machine components. In many cases it is difficult to influence the working task and the environmental conditions under the objective function of achieving the required work goals optimally while at the same time minimizing the component load. The operation of the machine offers a more evident degree of freedom to minimize the component damage. With control systems adapted to the operator, the external environmental conditions and the working task, which instructs the operator to a less damaging operating behaviour or override the damage-initiating control signals, the loads and damage can be reduced. An explicit operator identification is the basis for such control approaches. This paper presents a method for machine operator identification (MOI) based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM). Through a parameter influence analysis and a combination with operation state recognition (OSR), a machine operator can be successfully identified among others. To create and validate the method, measurement data from 150 work cycles of seven different operators are analysed. Based on the MOI, a method for an operator-specific damage reduction using adaptive control strategies is developed. The results and limits of this strategy are presented and discussed by means of a complete machine simulation, considering the traction drive and function drives (working hydraulics), a multi-body simulation and the driving dynamics. The conclusion is made by considering predictive operating strategies to avoid damage-intensive operating points.

scholarly journals Application-Oriented Reactive Power Management in German Distribution Systems Using Decentralized Energy Resources

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4949
Author(s):  
Haonan Wang ◽  
Markus Kraiczy ◽  
Denis Mende ◽  
Sebastian Stöcklein ◽  
Martin Braun
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Power Exchange ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Decentralized Energy

Due to higher penetration of renewable energy sources, grid reinforcements, and the utilization of local voltage control strategies, a significant change in the reactive power behavior as well as an increased demand for additional reactive power flexibility in the German power system can be predicted. In this paper, an application-oriented reactive power management concept is proposed, which allows distribution system operators (DSO) to enable a certain amount of reactive power flexibility at the grid interfaces while supporting voltage imitations in the grid. To evaluate its feasibility, the proposed concept is applied for real medium voltage grids in the south of Germany and is investigated comprehensively in different case studies. The results prove the feasibility and reliability of the proposed concept, which allows the DSO to control the reactive power exchange at grid interfaces without causing undesired local voltage problems. In addition, it can be simply adjusted and widely applied in real distribution grids without requiring high investment costs for complex information and communication infrastructures. As a significant contribution, this study provides an ideal bridging solution for DSOs who are facing reactive power issues but have no detailed and advanced monitoring system for their grid. Moreover, the comprehensive investigations in this study are performed in close cooperation with a German DSO, based on a detailed grid model and real measurement data.

Evolution and function of tandem repeats in the major surface protein 1a of the ehrlichial pathogenAnaplasma marginale

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
José de la Fuente ◽  
Jose C. Garcia-Garcia ◽  
Edmour F. Blouin ◽  
Sergio D. Rodríguez ◽  
Migel A. García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Major Surface Protein ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
And Function ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Bovine Erythrocytes

AbstractThe major surface protein (MSP) 1a of the ehrlichial cattle pathogenAnaplasma marginale, encoded by the single-copy genemsp1α, has been shown to have a neutralization-sensitive epitope and to be an adhesin for bovine erythrocytes and tick cells.msp1αhas been found to be a stable genetic marker for the identification of geographic isolates ofA. marginalethroughout development in acutely and persistently infected cattle and in ticks. The molecular weight of MSP1a varies among geographic isolates ofA. marginalebecause of a varying number of tandemly repeated peptides of 28–29 amino acids. Variation in the sequence of the tandem repeats occurs within and among isolates, and may have resulted from evolutionary pressures exerted by ligand–receptor and host–parasite interactions. These repeated sequences include markers for tick transmissibility that may be important in the identification of ehrlichial pathogens because they may influence control strategies and the design of subunit vaccines.

Analysis of Environmental Conditions for the Conceptual Design of a 200 MW Floating Offshore Wind Farm in the East Sea, Korea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunkyoung Shin ◽  
Youngjae Yu ◽  
Thanh Dam Pham ◽  
Hyeonjeong Ahn ◽  
Byoungcheon Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
East Sea ◽  
Wind Resource

Abstract Due to global climate change, concern regarding the environment is greater than ever. Also, the energy industry is constantly developing and investing in new and renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions. Korea is planning to increase the proportion of renewable energy generation to 20% by 2030, in accordance with the 3020 renewable energy policy. This will involve 16.5 GW (34%) from wind energy, with a capacity from offshore wind energy of approximately 13 GW. Considering domestic technological wind resource potential (33.2 GW), it seems to be a sufficient target amount. However, in order to start the wind power generation business, the installation area must be analyzed for environmental information, for the evaluation of the wind resource and the early-stage concept design. Because it is difficult to conduct long-term measurements of the entire sea area, the environmental conditions are generally estimated from short-term measurement data and long-term reanalysis data. In this study, the environmental conditions of the East Sea of Korea were selected, and a comparative analysis was performed on the meteorological agency’s oceanic meteorology buoy data, ERA-5 reanalysis data obtained from ECMWF, and NASA’s MERRA-2 data. The extreme sea states of 50 years and 100 years were analyzed by extreme statistical analysis. Finally, environmental conditions required for the basic design of wind turbines were selected following IEC and DNV standards.

Influence of Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture, and Seed Burial Depth on the Emergence of Round-Leaved Mallow (Malva pusilla)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Rate Of Emergence

A study was conducted under controlled environmental conditions to determine the effect of soil temperature, soil moisture, and depth of seed burial on the emergence of round-leaved mallow. Emergence occurred from 5 to 30 C but was optimal at 15 to 20 C. Soil moisture had a greater effect than soil temperature on percentage emergence. Emergence progressively declined below a soil water content of −0.28 MPa, with less than 20% emergence attained at −1.03 to −1.53 MPa. In contrast, rate of emergence of round-leaved mallow was affected more by soil temperature than by moisture. A decrease in temperature from 30 to 5 C increased the time to reach 50% emergence by 10 to 12 days over the moisture regime of this study. Emergence was greatest at depths of 0.5 to 2 cm. No emergence occurred at 8 cm or below. The potential of using the findings of this study to develop cultural control strategies for round-leaved mallow is discussed.

Study on control strategies for an antenna servo system on a carrier under large disturbance

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2545-2554
Author(s):  
Yongdong Cheng ◽  
Jun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Servo System ◽  
Cable Vibration ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Reaching Law ◽  
Exponential Reaching Law ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Control Accuracy ◽  
Large Disturbance

In this paper, control strategies and vibration isolation methods are investigated in order to enhance the attitude control accuracy of an antenna servo system on a carrier under large disturbance. First, the multi-body dynamical equations of the antenna servo system on a carrier incorporated with six wire-cable vibration isolators are derived. Then, an improved adaptive variable-rated exponential reaching law is proposed, and the non-singular terminal sliding mode control is designed based on the nonlinear multi-body model. Finally, simulations are carried out and results show that excellent control accuracies for both the azimuth and the pitch of the antenna can be achieved by the proposed control method, specifically with a shorten reaching time in the cases of holding a fixed angle and tracking a sinusoidal motion that is better than the existing adaptive variable-rated exponential reaching law. Furthermore, the six wire-cable vibration isolators with hysteretic characteristics of restoring forces are adopted that can effectively isolate the large disturbance transmitted from the carrier to the antenna servo system and are shown to be able to further improve the attitude control accuracy.

scholarly journals Structure and Function of Bacterial Communities Emerging from Different Sources under Identical Conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Langenheder ◽  
Eva S. Lindström ◽  
Lars J. Tranvik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Scale Functions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare two major hypotheses concerning the formation of bacterial community composition (BCC) at the local scale, i.e., whether BCC is determined by the prevailing local environmental conditions or by “metacommunity processes.” A batch culture experiment where bacteria from eight distinctly different aquatic habitats were regrown under identical conditions was performed to test to what extent similar communities develop under similar selective pressure. Differently composed communities emerged from different inoculum communities, as determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. There was no indication that similarity increased between communities upon growth under identical conditions compared to that for growth at the ambient sampling sites. This suggests that the history and distribution of taxa within the source communities were stronger regulating factors of BCC than the environmental conditions. Moreover, differently composed communities were different with regard to specific functions, such as enzyme activities, but maintained similar broad-scale functions, such as biomass production and respiration.

scholarly journals Propensity of undulatory swimmers, such as worms, to go against the flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 3606-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhou Yuan ◽  
David M. Raizen ◽  
Haim H. Bau
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

The ability to orient oneself in response to environmental cues is crucial to the survival and function of diverse organisms. One such orientation behavior is the alignment of aquatic organisms with (negative rheotaxis) or against (positive rheotaxis) fluid current. The questions of whether low-Reynolds-number, undulatory swimmers, such as worms, rheotax and whether rheotaxis is a deliberate or an involuntary response to mechanical forces have been the subject of conflicting reports. To address these questions, we use Caenorhabditis elegans as a model undulatory swimmer and examine, in experiment and theory, the orientation of C. elegans in the presence of flow. We find that when close to a stationary surface the animal aligns itself against the direction of the flow. We elucidate for the first time to our knowledge the mechanisms of rheotaxis in worms and show that rheotaxis can be explained solely by mechanical forces and does not require sensory input or deliberate action. The interaction between the flow field induced by the swimmer and a nearby surface causes the swimmer to tilt toward the surface and the velocity gradient associated with the flow rotates the animal to face upstream. Fluid mechanical computer simulations faithfully mimic the behavior observed in experiments, supporting the notion that rheotaxis behavior can be fully explained by hydrodynamics. Our study highlights the important role of hydrodynamics in the behavior of small undulating swimmers and may assist in developing control strategies to affect the animals’ life cycles.

scholarly journals The Highs and Lows of P Supply in Medical Cannabis: Effects on Cannabinoids, the Ionome, and Morpho-Physiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivan Shiponi ◽  
Nirit Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
And Function ◽  
P Supply

Environmental conditions, including the availability of mineral nutrients, affect secondary metabolism in plants. Therefore, growing conditions have significant pharmaceutical and economic importance for Cannabis sativa. Phosphorous is an essential macronutrient that affects central biosynthesis pathways. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that P uptake, distribution and availability in the plant affect the biosynthesis of cannabinoids. Two genotypes of medical “drug-type” cannabis plants were grown under five P concentrations of 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 mg L–1 (ppm) in controlled environmental conditions. The results reveal several dose-dependent effects of P nutrition on the cannabinoid profile of both genotypes, as well as on the ionome and plant functional physiology, thus supporting the hypothesis: (i) P concentrations ≤15 mg L–1 were insufficient to support optimal plant function and reduced photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and growth; (ii) 30–90 mg L–1 P was within the optimal range for plant development and function, and 30 mg L–1 P was sufficient for producing 80% of the maximum yield; (iii) Ionome: about 80% of the plant P accumulated in the unfertilized inflorescences; (iv) Cannabinoids: P supply higher than 5 mg L–1 reduced Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) concentrations in the inflorescences by up to 25%. Cannabinoid concentrations decreased linearly with increasing yield, consistent with a yield dilution effect, but the total cannabinoid content per plant increased with increasing P supply. These results reveal contrasting trends for effects of P supply on cannabinoid concentrations that were highest under <30 mg L–1 P, vs. inflorescence biomass that was highest under 30–90 mg L–1 P. Thus, the P regime should be adjusted to reflect production goals. The results demonstrate the potential of mineral nutrition to regulate cannabinoid metabolism and optimize pharmacological quality.

scholarly journals Amblyomma mixtum free-living stages: Summer and winter use, preference, and niche width in an agroecosystem (Yopal, Casanare, Colombia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elkin Forero-Becerra ◽  
Alberto Acosta ◽  
Efraín Benavides ◽  
Marylin Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Niche Width ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Radiation Maximum

AbstractStudying a species’ tolerance to an ecosystem’s environmental conditions and its selection of available resources is relevant in ecological and evolutionary terms. Moreover, formulation of effective control strategies implicitly includes the study of habitat use and preference and niche width in anthropogenically transformed natural landscapes. Here, we evaluated whether the use, habitat preference, and niche range of the Amblyomma mixtum tick changed between stages, habitats, and seasons (summer-winter 2019) on a farm in Yopal (Casanare, Colombia). To this end, the presence and relative abundance of larvae, nymphs, and free-living adults was quantified in four different habitats according to the type of vegetation cover (Riparian Forest, Cocoa Crop, King Grass Crop, and Star Grass Paddock). Habitat availability was calculated, environmental variables were analyzed, and various indices of habitat use and preference and niche width were calculated. A. mixtum’s habitat use and preference and niche width changed between stages, habitat types, and time of the year. The total abundance of A. mixtum was an order of magnitude greater in summer than winter. Nymphs and larvae dominated it in the summer and adults in the winter. In summer, all the stages used the four habitats. In winter, the larvae did not use two habitats (Riparian Forest and Cocoa Crop); nymphs did not use the cocoa crop. A. mixtum adults used all the habitats in both seasons. In summer, the nymphs and larvae preferred three of the four habitats (King Grass Crop, Star Grass Paddock, and Cocoa Crops), while adults preferred the King Grass Crop. In winter, the nymphs and larvae preferred the King Grass Crop and Star Grass Paddock, while the adults preferred the King Grass Crop. The value of the niche width index was high for larvae, nymphs, and adults in summer, while it was high only for adults in winter. A. mixtum is exposed to significant daily, seasonal, and multiannual variations in relative humidity (minimum 30%), ambient temperature (minimum 18°C), solar radiation (maximum 800 W/m2), and precipitation (maximum 481 mm/month). Thus, the local A. mixtum population could rapidly acclimatize to changing habitats (unstable or temporary) under fluctuating environmental conditions (e.g., King Grass Crop). However, the winter flood season in Yopal could exceed A. mixtum’s adaptive capacity during its most vulnerable stages. Mathematically, a low number of female A. mixtum, surviving the most demanding environmental conditions, could sufficiently ensure the population’s persistence, which, coupled with the vast host range, could facilitate the ticks stages’ dispersal among habitats to complete their life cycle. A. mixtum’s population control should be carried out during its season of greater vulnerability (winter), when the population is low, particularly the females.

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