A Novel Modeling Approach to Estimate Segmental and Intersegmental Ventilation and Heat Transport From a Walking Clothed Human Using Electric Circuit Analogy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagham Ismail ◽  
Nesreen Ghaddar ◽  
Kamel Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transport ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effective Model ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Circuit Analogy ◽  
Relative Wind

When the clothed human body experiences relative wind due to walking and external wind, heat and vapor transfers from the body to the environment are enhanced by ventilation through clothing. The clothing ventilation is related to the clothing permeability, open and close apertures, relative wind, clothed limbs swinging motion as well as the inter-segmental ventilation that occurs at the interconnection between the clothed human trunk and arms. In this study, a computationally effective model is developed to estimate clothing ventilation based on the analogy between the air flow in the microclimate air layer and an electric circuit composed of resistance and inductance elements. The model takes into account the inter-connection between the segments for the clothed human upper part driven by difference of pressure in the microclimate air of the trunk and the upper arms. The estimation of the segmental ventilation, taking into account the inter-connection, allows the correction of the clothing dry resistances in a bio-heat model that will be used to predict the sensible heat losses of the clothed human.

Modeling the Effect of Cooling Vest on Body Thermal Response of People With Paraplegia During Exercise

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Mneimneh ◽  
Nesreen Ghaddar ◽  
Kamel Ghali ◽  
Charbel Moussalem ◽  
Ibrahim Omeis
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Persons with thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI), also named as people with paraplegia (PA), are encouraged to participate in sport activities for sake of improving their quality of life and health. Yet, heat strain is a major consequence of SCI after which the body loses its ability to regulate its temperature. Disruption in body temperature regulation and instability in core temperature (Tcr) endangers the patient health especially when subjected to extreme ambient conditions or high level of physical activity. Since thermophysiology is disrupted after SCI, using conventional personal cooling methods may not be effective on PA in a way similar to that of able-bodied people (AB). Experimental studies evaluated the effect of phase change material (PCM) and ice cooling vests on thermal response of PA during exercise. Results showed no change in Tcr values for both types of vest during exercise. This study aims at studying the effectiveness of PCM cooling vest for PA during exercise at intensity level of 6.5 MET within 21.1–23.9 °C room temperature and 50% relative humidity. A multi-segmented bioheat model of PA coupled with PCM cooling vest model (fabric-PCM-PA model) was deployed to predict Tcr values at different design conditions of the vest. Segmental core and skin temperatures profiles and the sensible and latent heat losses were obtained for torso segments to assess the percentage of enhancement in the cooling vest performance. Results showed that Tcr value of the body and Tcr values of the torso segments didn’t change at different design conditions of the vest; yet sensible heat losses were increased for all torso segments and latent heat losses were reduced. Decreases in latent heat losses affected Tsk values at the torso. Simulations were performed using fabric-PCM model integrated with PA bioheat model applying variation of skin coverage area, melting point of PCM and combination of both designs. An effective design of the vest for PA was found when using PCM packet at 10°C melting point and coverage area about 40% of torso because sensible heat losses were the highest compared to the other design cases of the vest.

The Effects of Indoor Air Speed on the Thermal Comfort of Human Body in Winter

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 495-500
Author(s):  
Jiao Lin Wang ◽  
Lu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Temperature Conduction

Air speed affects convective and evaporative heat losses from the human body. Some physiological parameters such as conduction speeds of nerves and body temperature are considered to can directly indicate the responses of human body to air speed. The aim of this paper is to seek the appropriate physiological parameters and acquire the primary affected trends. The research methods included questionnaire, physic test, and physiology test. Through changing the indoor air speed, tested the body temperature, conduction speeds of sensory nerve and motorial nerve of the subjects and recorded the subjects subjective thermal senses. With the increase of blowing time, the conduction speeds of sensory nerve and motorial nerve both tend to diminish. The thermal senses vote changes quickly from neutrality to light cool and cool. This experiment also shows thermal comfort senses can be expressed with the quantification form of the physiology indexes.

Theoretical and Experimental Estimation of Inter-Segmental Clothing Ventilation and Impact on Human Segmental Heat Losses

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagham Bilal Ismail ◽  
Nesreen Ghaddar ◽  
Kamel Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Local Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation Rates

Air exchange between a specific garment and the environment could occur 1) through the fabric with the environment, 2) through garment apertures with the environment, and 3) between local body parts’ microclimates. The first mechanism is related to the fabric properties and the flow characteristics around the human body. The second mechanism is induced by buoyancy and pressure alteration due to external wind. The third mechanism named inter-segmental ventilation occurs between different clothing sections caused by position of apertures, relative wind, fabric permeability and microclimate size of connected clothed segments. The objective of this work is to develop a simplified accurate model that solves coupled momentum, mass and heat balances including buoyancy for the connected clothed upper human body to predict inter-segmental ventilation and assess its impact on the air flow characteristics in the microclimate layer and on local ventilation rates. This model is coupled to the bioheat model to predict the effect of the inter-segmental ventilation on the heat losses from the body and on bringing the thermal comfort. The model is validated by performing an improved experimental method on a thermal manikin using the tracer gas method at different wind speeds for permeable clothing.

scholarly journals Clarifying Optimum Setting Temperatures and Airflow Positions for Personal Air Conditioning System on Flight

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Yuna Matsumoto ◽  
Manami Kanamaru ◽  
Phan Xuan Tan ◽  
Eiji Kamioka
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Fluid Simulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Operative Temperature ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Localized Heating ◽  
The Ideal

In recent years, the demand for air travel has increased and many people have traveled by plane. Most passengers, however, feel stressed due to the limited cabin space. In order to make these passengers more comfortable, a personal air-conditioning system for the entire chair is needed. This is because the human body experiences discomfort from localized heating or cooling, and thus, it is necessary to provide appropriate airflow to each part of the body. In this paper, a personal air-conditioning system, which consists of six vertically installed air-conditioning vents, will be proposed. To clarify the setting temperature of each vent, the airflow around the passenger and the operative temperature of each part of the body is investigated using fluid simulation. In the simulation, the ideal temperature for each part of the body is defined and compared with the operative temperature to verify how close both temperatures are, resulting in determining the ideal setting temperature. The simulation result shows, that most parts of the body reach their ideal temperatures. In addition, the optimum setting temperature and position of each air-conditioning vent, which contribute to maintaining the thermal comfort of the human body on the plane, is clarified.

Correction of Posture Deviations in the Sagittal Plane Using the Pilates Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alexandru Cîtea ◽  
George-Sebastian Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Pilates Method ◽  
The Relationship

Posture is commonly perceived as the relationship between the segments of the human body upright. Certain parts of the body such as the cephalic extremity, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs are involved in the final posture of the body. Musculoskeletal instabilities and reduced postural control lead to the installation of nonstructural posture deviations in all 3 anatomical planes. When we talk about the sagittal plane, it was concluded that there are 4 main types of posture deviation: hyperlordotic posture, kyphotic posture, rectitude and "sway-back" posture.Pilates method has become in the last decade a much more popular formof exercise used in rehabilitation. The Pilates method is frequently prescribed to people with low back pain due to their orientation on the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis. Pilates exercise is thus theorized to help reactivate the muscles and, by doingso, increases lumbar support, reduces pain, and improves body alignment.

Representation of a Human Body: A Comparison Study between Balinese and Javanese Traditional House

Humaniora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Ade Ariyani Sari Fajarwati
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Architectural Drawing ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Head Area

The research would look further at the representation of the human body in both Balinese and Javanese traditional houses and compared the function and meaning of each part. To achieve the research aim, which was to evaluate and compare the representation of the human body in Javanese and Balinese traditional houses, a qualitative method through literature and descriptive analysis study was conducted. A comparative study approach would be used with an in-depth comparative study. It would revealed not only the similarities but also the differences between both subjects. The research shows that both traditional houses represent the human body in their way. From the architectural drawing top to bottom, both houses show the same structure that is identical to the human body; head at the top, followed by the body, and feet at the bottom. However, the comparative study shows that each area represents a different meaning. The circulation of the house is also different, while the Balinese house is started with feet and continued to body and head area. Simultaneously, the Javanese house is started with the head, then continued to body, and feet area.

Embodying the culture of achievement: Culture between illness and perfection is a ‘thin line’ – obtaining the ideal female body as an act of achievement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110040
Author(s):  
Josefine Dilling ◽  
Anders Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Body Ideals

In this article, we argue that certain behaviour connected to the attempt to attain contemporary female body ideals in Denmark can be understood as an act of achievement and, thus, as an embodiment of the culture of achievement, as it is characterised in Præstationssamfundet, written by the Danish sociologist Anders Petersen (2016) Hans Reitzels Forlag . Arguing from cultural psychological and sociological standpoints, this article examines how the human body functions as a mediational tool in different ways from which the individual communicates both moral and aesthetic sociocultural ideals and values. Complex processes of embodiment, we argue, can be described with different levels of internalisation, externalisation and materialisation, where the body functions as a central mediator. Analysing the findings from a qualitative experimental study on contemporary body ideals carried out by the Danish psychologists Josefine Dilling and Maja Trillingsgaard, this article seeks to anchor such theoretical claims in central empirical findings. The main conclusions from the study are used to structure the article and build arguments on how expectations and ideals expressed in an achievement society become embodied.

scholarly journals The Level of Knowledge and Awareness About Sex and Reproductive Health Among Adolescents in Kashmir

2021 ◽  
pp. 263183182198992
Author(s):  
Mohmad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Time Awareness

Background: A human body keeps changing physiologically, biologically, and psychologically from birth to death. There is always a change in all human faculties. But adolescence is a phase earmarked where a human body experiences drastic changes among all these faculties. And any such bodily change carrying baggage of shame, insecurity, stigma, and concealment demands on-time awareness and intervention. Aim: The aim of the study is to understand the knowledge and level of awareness regarding sexual and reproductive health among the school-going adolescents of Kashmir Valley where majority of the population belongs to Muslim conservative culture. Methodology: Due to COVID-19 lockdown, the inability of access to schools and children gave the researcher the opportunity to utilize the alternate places and a total of 550 students from classes 8, 9, and 10 were selected for the purpose. The permission was sought from the respective teachers and then the parents. The sample was a combination of boys and girls, students from both private and government-run schools. The researcher collected the data and it was tabulated systematically and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. P value was evaluated by using an application “P Value: A Statistical Tool” from Play Store. Results and Conclusion: The results depicted that higher the level of class, more the knowledge they had about the matter. Girls had a little knowledge about sexual and reproductive health than boys. This study felt a dire need of educating both parents and adolescent boys and girls regarding sexual health. The shame does not lie in educating the children but in the mishaps that may result due to unawareness about the same.

scholarly journals Inter-body coupling in electro-quasistatic human body communication: theory and analysis of security and interference properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayukh Nath ◽  
Shovan Maity ◽  
Shitij Avlani ◽  
Scott Weigand ◽  
Shreyas Sen
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Communication Modality ◽  
Conductive Properties ◽  
Human Body Communication

AbstractRadiative communication using electromagnetic fields is the backbone of today’s wirelessly connected world, which implies that the physical signals are available for malicious interceptors to snoop within a 5–10 m distance, also increasing interference and reducing channel capacity. Recently, Electro-quasistatic Human Body Communication (EQS-HBC) was demonstrated which utilizes the human body’s conductive properties to communicate without radiating the signals outside the body. Previous experiments showed that an attack with an antenna was unsuccessful at a distance more than 1 cm from the body surface and 15 cm from an EQS-HBC device. However, since this is a new communication modality, it calls for an investigation of new attack modalities—that can potentially exploit the physics utilized in EQS-HBC to break the system. In this study, we present a novel attack method for EQS-HBC devices, using the body of the attacker itself as a coupling surface and capacitive inter-body coupling between the user and the attacker. We develop theoretical understanding backed by experimental results for inter-body coupling, as a function of distance between the subjects. We utilize this newly developed understanding to design EQS-HBC transmitters that minimizes the attack distance through inter-body coupling, as well as the interference among multiple EQS-HBC users due to inter-body coupling. This understanding will allow us to develop more secure and robust EQS-HBC based body area networks in the future.

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