A Comparative Study of the Forces Acting on a Human Rider on a Motorcycle for Different Impact Configurations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil J. Dhinagar
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Male Model ◽  
Full Face ◽  
Motorcycle Crashes

In many parts of the developing countries powered motorcycles are still a primary mode of commutation. Statistics tells us that around 15–20% of the accidents happening across different countries in the world involve motorcycle crashes. With the increased importance placed on the usage of safety helmets or full face helmets by the motorbike riders, head injuries have significantly reduced as compared to the other extremities of the human body. The different segments of the human male model considered for this research are grouped into four main categories, the head and neck, the upper extremities, the lower extremities and the trunk. The center of gravity differs for different segments of the human body as each segment has its own mass. This study aims to form a comprehensive database of the forces acting on the primary human body segments for three accident configurations. The energy content of each of these segments is calculated. The deceleration of the human body after impact of the bike with the obstacle and the distance it travels before reaching zero velocity is also computed. When coupled with the existing knowledge of the injury criteria and biomechanical tolerance limits for the body segments, this can be used in a versatile way to predict injuries that could possibly occur in a bike accident and automate vehicle dynamic controls as a preventive measure. Forces calculated acting on the various human body segments can be used to suitably develop riding protection gear for commercial purposes.

Identification and Experimental Validation of Damping Ratios of Different Human Body Segments Through Anthropometric Vibratory Model in Standing Posture

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Mass Damper ◽  
Linear Spring ◽  
Experimental Response

A 15degrees of freedom lumped parameter vibratory model of human body is developed, for vertical mode vibrations, using anthropometric data of the 50th percentile US male. The mass and stiffness of various segments are determined from the elastic modulii of bones and tissues and from the anthropometric data available, assuming the shape of all the segments is ellipsoidal. The damping ratio of each segment is estimated on the basis of the physical structure of the body in a particular posture. Damping constants of various segments are calculated from these damping ratios. The human body is modeled as a linear spring-mass-damper system. The optimal values of the damping ratios of the body segments are estimated, for the 15degrees of freedom model of the 50th percentile US male, by comparing the response of the model with the experimental response. Formulating a similar vibratory model of the 50th percentile Indian male and comparing the frequency response of the model with the experimental response of the same group of subjects validate the modeling procedure. A range of damping ratios has been considered to develop a vibratory model, which can predict the vertical harmonic response of the human body.

Analysis and modeling of human seat interaction with a focus on the upper body and backrest using biomechanics and contact mechanics

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (s1) ◽  
pp. S161-S182
Author(s):  
Yuezhi (Sean) Liu ◽  
Xianzhi Zhong ◽  
Wintta Ghebreiyesus ◽  
Jiancheng Ji ◽  
Fengfeng (Jeff) Xi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Seat Comfort ◽  
Muscular Structure ◽  
Point Forces

BACKGROUND: This paper outlines a method to study the interaction between the human body and the aircraft seat concerning the seat comfort. METHOD: Firstly, the human body is modeled based on biomechanics and divided into a number of body segments connected by joints according to human anatomy. The angles between the body segments are obtained by curve fitting of the existing biomechanical research data. The contact forces between the human body and the seat are modeled using pairs of bi-lateral point forces. These forces are calculated and located through the analysis of the center of gravity of each body segment and average muscular structure of the human body. The geometry of the human and the seat is obtained from a 3D scan model or a CAD model. Secondly, the pressure distribution between the human body and the seat is modeled and calculated using the contact stress theory. The results of the two parts are combined to analyze the comfortability in relation to different postures, backrest recline angles and changing in shape and material. RESULTS: Simulations were performed and they are compared with experimental measurement and various FEM studies for validation. It is found that accuracy of this method is comparable with most FEM calculation. CONCLUSION: This method provides a new direction in cushion conform research. It is faster and convenient to use comparing to the FEM, and the result is reliable.

Anthropometric Assessment of the Mass Distribution Characteristics of the Living Human Body

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. McConville ◽  
Charles E. Clauser
Keyword(s):  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Principal Moments Of Inertia ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anthropometric Assessment

Knowledge of the mass distribution parameters of the human body is essential for the understanding of human kinetics. A significant problem has been the development of a convenient and accurate method for measuring these parameters on the living. This paper reports two studies undertaken (1) to establish, for the first time, the principal moments of inertia of the body and body segments, and (2) to validate a stereometric technique for assessing mass distribution parameters of the living human body.

scholarly journals Segmentation of the human body based on frequency of human electromagnetic radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Siti Zura A. Jalil ◽  
Siti Armiza Mohd Aris ◽  
Nurul Aini Bani ◽  
Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin ◽  
Sahnius Usman
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Body Segments

<p>This paper discusses the body segment recognition based on human electromagnetic radiation frequency. Twenty-three points of human electromagnetic radiation are studied experimentally from thirty-three healthy human subjects. Three human body segments are considered, namely Left, Right and Chakra. For the purpose of recognition, k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used to classify the segments of the human body. Then, the performances of classification are determined based on the accuracy and Receiving Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. It is found that the proposed technique accurately classifies the body segments with 100% accuracy, thus suggest that the proposed technique is significant to classify human body segments.</p>

Correction of Posture Deviations in the Sagittal Plane Using the Pilates Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alexandru Cîtea ◽  
George-Sebastian Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Pilates Method ◽  
The Relationship

Posture is commonly perceived as the relationship between the segments of the human body upright. Certain parts of the body such as the cephalic extremity, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs are involved in the final posture of the body. Musculoskeletal instabilities and reduced postural control lead to the installation of nonstructural posture deviations in all 3 anatomical planes. When we talk about the sagittal plane, it was concluded that there are 4 main types of posture deviation: hyperlordotic posture, kyphotic posture, rectitude and "sway-back" posture.Pilates method has become in the last decade a much more popular formof exercise used in rehabilitation. The Pilates method is frequently prescribed to people with low back pain due to their orientation on the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis. Pilates exercise is thus theorized to help reactivate the muscles and, by doingso, increases lumbar support, reduces pain, and improves body alignment.

Representation of a Human Body: A Comparison Study between Balinese and Javanese Traditional House

Humaniora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Ade Ariyani Sari Fajarwati
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Architectural Drawing ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Head Area

The research would look further at the representation of the human body in both Balinese and Javanese traditional houses and compared the function and meaning of each part. To achieve the research aim, which was to evaluate and compare the representation of the human body in Javanese and Balinese traditional houses, a qualitative method through literature and descriptive analysis study was conducted. A comparative study approach would be used with an in-depth comparative study. It would revealed not only the similarities but also the differences between both subjects. The research shows that both traditional houses represent the human body in their way. From the architectural drawing top to bottom, both houses show the same structure that is identical to the human body; head at the top, followed by the body, and feet at the bottom. However, the comparative study shows that each area represents a different meaning. The circulation of the house is also different, while the Balinese house is started with feet and continued to body and head area. Simultaneously, the Javanese house is started with the head, then continued to body, and feet area.

Embodying the culture of achievement: Culture between illness and perfection is a ‘thin line’ – obtaining the ideal female body as an act of achievement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110040
Author(s):  
Josefine Dilling ◽  
Anders Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Body Ideals

In this article, we argue that certain behaviour connected to the attempt to attain contemporary female body ideals in Denmark can be understood as an act of achievement and, thus, as an embodiment of the culture of achievement, as it is characterised in Præstationssamfundet, written by the Danish sociologist Anders Petersen (2016) Hans Reitzels Forlag . Arguing from cultural psychological and sociological standpoints, this article examines how the human body functions as a mediational tool in different ways from which the individual communicates both moral and aesthetic sociocultural ideals and values. Complex processes of embodiment, we argue, can be described with different levels of internalisation, externalisation and materialisation, where the body functions as a central mediator. Analysing the findings from a qualitative experimental study on contemporary body ideals carried out by the Danish psychologists Josefine Dilling and Maja Trillingsgaard, this article seeks to anchor such theoretical claims in central empirical findings. The main conclusions from the study are used to structure the article and build arguments on how expectations and ideals expressed in an achievement society become embodied.

scholarly journals Inter-body coupling in electro-quasistatic human body communication: theory and analysis of security and interference properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayukh Nath ◽  
Shovan Maity ◽  
Shitij Avlani ◽  
Scott Weigand ◽  
Shreyas Sen
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Communication Modality ◽  
Conductive Properties ◽  
Human Body Communication

AbstractRadiative communication using electromagnetic fields is the backbone of today’s wirelessly connected world, which implies that the physical signals are available for malicious interceptors to snoop within a 5–10 m distance, also increasing interference and reducing channel capacity. Recently, Electro-quasistatic Human Body Communication (EQS-HBC) was demonstrated which utilizes the human body’s conductive properties to communicate without radiating the signals outside the body. Previous experiments showed that an attack with an antenna was unsuccessful at a distance more than 1 cm from the body surface and 15 cm from an EQS-HBC device. However, since this is a new communication modality, it calls for an investigation of new attack modalities—that can potentially exploit the physics utilized in EQS-HBC to break the system. In this study, we present a novel attack method for EQS-HBC devices, using the body of the attacker itself as a coupling surface and capacitive inter-body coupling between the user and the attacker. We develop theoretical understanding backed by experimental results for inter-body coupling, as a function of distance between the subjects. We utilize this newly developed understanding to design EQS-HBC transmitters that minimizes the attack distance through inter-body coupling, as well as the interference among multiple EQS-HBC users due to inter-body coupling. This understanding will allow us to develop more secure and robust EQS-HBC based body area networks in the future.

scholarly journals Investigation on Wireless Link for Medical Telemetry Including Impedance Matching of Implanted Antennas

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Ilkyu Kim ◽  
Sun-Gyu Lee ◽  
Yong-Hyun Nam ◽  
Jeong-Hae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
The Body ◽  
Field Pattern ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Antenna Coupling ◽  
Medical Telemetry

The development of biomedical devices benefits patients by offering real-time healthcare. In particular, pacemakers have gained a great deal of attention because they offer opportunities for monitoring the patient’s vitals and biological statics in real time. One of the important factors in realizing real-time body-centric sensing is to establish a robust wireless communication link among the medical devices. In this paper, radio transmission and the optimal characteristics for impedance matching the medical telemetry of an implant are investigated. For radio transmission, an integral coupling formula based on 3D vector far-field patterns was firstly applied to compute the antenna coupling between two antennas placed inside and outside of the body. The formula provides the capability for computing the antenna coupling in the near-field and far-field region. In order to include the effects of human implantation, the far-field pattern was characterized taking into account a sphere enclosing an antenna made of human tissue. Furthermore, the characteristics of impedance matching inside the human body were studied by means of inherent wave impedances of electrical and magnetic dipoles. Here, we demonstrate that the implantation of a magnetic dipole is advantageous because it provides similar impedance characteristics to those of the human body.

Maiden Voyage

Nuncius ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-49
Author(s):  
Dario De Santis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Scientific Debate

AbstractThe scientific debate which developed during the eighteenth century, proposed and diffused new theories on the generation not only within the scientific community. Microscopic investigation and various experimental campaigns fostered daring models attempting to unveil the natural phenomena from which life originates. Besides the famous scientific and philosophical works that marked the age, in the second part of the century two pamphlets appeared that well represent the importance of the querelle about embryological systems defining the concept of generation as a voyage within the human body. Lucina sine concubitu and Juno abortans, respectively published in England and in Germany between 1750 and 1760, narrate the odd and imaginary adventures of two doctors who are trying to interrupt and modify the embryos' journey towards the body of the mother.

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