Consideration of the Human Element in Cementing Operations and Well Integrity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Shenold ◽  
Catalin Teodoriu ◽  
Saeed Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Human Element ◽  
Well Integrity

The recent Macondo tragedy changed the health and safety landscape throughout the petroleum industry. Through such incidents, oil well cementing operations have gained widespread attention. Detailed technical reports of the Macondo well control incident outline the significance of the competent and efficient cementing operations. The voluntary API RP 75 standard was recently modified into the current mandatory offshore Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS II) regulations. The regulatory guidelines in the United States, dormant over the past 20 years, are finally being updated to meet current industry and public expectations. The human factor, overlooked for decades in the petroleum industry, serves as the catalyst behind the newly adopted offshore regulations. This paper provides a brief overview of well integrity, and the pivotal role of cementing operations in well control. The critical role of human and organizational factors in cementing operations and well control is addressed. Furthermore. an outline of the newly implemented SEMS II regulations is also offered, with insight into adjustments that could enhance this program’s modest requirements.

How Heuristics and Biases Impact Judgment and Decision Making in Well Integrity Operations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalin Teodoriu ◽  
Saeed Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Well Integrity

Abstract The contribution of the human factor in major oil and gas accident events is fully-fledged and admitted. The root cause analysis and incident investigation of these accidents reveal that many of them could have been prevented, with the perception that there was a cascade of failures in human factor elements. This is easy to comprehend, as the human factor has not been accentuated thoroughly in this industry and traditionally the focus has been on personnel knowledge and competence. A previous paper presented at OMAE 2018 had a brief overview of well integrity, and the pivotal role of cementing operations in well control. The critical role of human and organizational factors in cementing operations and well control was addressed. Furthermore, an outline of the newly implemented SEMS II regulations was also offered, with insight into adjustments that could enhance this program’s modest requirements. In this paper, the goal is to examine the key heuristics that operational people employ in well integrity procedures. Some of these cognitive biases include status-quo and confirmation biases. Several examples will be discussed to show how underlying biases can lead to improper decisions. Unfortunately, some of these biases have been embedded in companies cultures for several decades now, and are hard to change overnight. Some of these can often lead to tremendous operational costs and not necessary solving the problem. It is highly recommended that training schools consider the problems of psychological biases and start implementing case studies for improvement in judgment and decision making.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Management of NAFLD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandani Patel Chavez ◽  
Kenneth Cusi ◽  
Sushma Kadiyala
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Consensus Statements ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Context The burden of cirrhosis from NAFLD is reaching epidemic proportions in the United States. This calls for greater awareness among endocrinologists, who often see but may miss the diagnosis in adults with obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) who are at the highest risk. At the same time, recent studies suggest that GLP-1RAs are beneficial versus steatohepatitis (NASH) in this population. This minireview aims to assist endocrinologists to recognize the condition and recent work on the role of GLP-1RAs in NAFLD/NASH. Evidence acquisition Evidence from observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses. Evidence Synthesis Endocrinologists should lead multidisciplinary teams to implement recent consensus statements on NAFLD that call for screening and treatment of clinically significant fibrosis to prevent cirrhosis, especially in the high-risk groups (i.e., people with obesity, prediabetes or T2D). With no FDA-approved agents, weight loss is central to their successful management, with pharmacological treatment options limited today to vitamin E (in people without T2D) and diabetes medications that reverse steatohepatitis, such as pioglitazone or GLP-1RA. Recently the benefit of GLP-1RAs in NAFLD, suggested from earlier trials, has been confirmed in adults with biopsy-proven NASH. In 2021, the FDA also approved semaglutide for obesity management. Conclusion A paradigm change is developing between the endocrinologist’s greater awareness about their critical role to curve the epidemic of NAFLD and new clinical care pathways that include a broader use of GLP-1RAs in the management of these complex patients.

21st Century Citizen Pharma: The FDA & Patient-Focused Product Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 309-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Paradise
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
States Food ◽  
And Control ◽  
Patient Advocacy Groups

Perpetual debate regarding the delicate balance between access and innovation and the protection of the public health and safety dominate discussions of the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). Established chiefly as a command and control federal administrative agency, iterative changes in legislation have shaped the FDA's activity in drug, biologic, and medical device regulation over the course of the last one hundred plus years. The most recent fundamental reframing of the agency's authority and directive presented itself in the 21st Century Cures Act, reflecting an important role for patient perspectives in the regulatory process. This Article explores recent developments in patient-focused product development efforts at the FDA and offers modest insights on the increasing role of patients, and patient advocacy groups, in agency decision-making. The Article terms this era “21st century citizen pharma.”

Business case effectiveness: the critical role of the organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051-1075
Author(s):  
Frank Einhorn ◽  
Jack Meredith ◽  
Carl Marnewick
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Business Case ◽  
It Projects ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Cases ◽  
Effective Use

PurposeLiterature indicates that the business case for projects is difficult to use and suggests that there are organizational factors that can facilitate effective use of the business case. This paper aims to identify such facilitators, measure their presence and importance, and relate them to the actual practice of business case processes.Design/methodology/approachA cross sectional quantitative method was used, with data on facilitators and business case process usage gathered through an online questionnaire.FindingsThe findings for the 43 organizational facilitators are that each one is considered more important than its presence in the respondents' organizations. High correlations emerge between the presence of the facilitators and the use of business case processes, indicating the pivotal role of the facilitators.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was conducted for business IT projects implemented by organizations based in South Africa. It furthers our understanding of project business cases and suggests additional research avenues in this area.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that organizations could improve key facilitators at an affordable cost. Such improvement would enable more effective use of the business case throughout the project's lifetime – from initial concept until planned benefits have been substantially realized. Better use of the business case would also support governance and increase the success rate of business IT projects.Originality/valueOrganizational facilitators of business case processes are identified and categorized for the first time, leading to measurements of their perceived importance and presence in organizations. Hence, the relationship between these facilitators and actual business case usage is determined, suggesting areas of optimum impact.

APPLYING WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT HUMAN ERROR: FROM THEORY INTO PRACTICE

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
E. Grey ◽  
P. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Process Systems ◽  
Error Training ◽  
Accident Causation ◽  
Applied Approach ◽  
Improve Health

Human error is often said to be at the heart of the majority of incidents and the developing discipline of human factors a way of understanding how these errors occur. There is little debate about this. But do we practise what we preach and are we reaping the benefits of applying the insights? Anecdotal evidence suggests not. Human error is too often interpreted as people being reckless, careless or just ignorant in discharging their duties. This so-called careless worker approach was the unstated assumption behind early moves to improve health and safety. It could be argued in the petroleum industry that we have adopted a more sophisticated approach, emphasising the importance of the engineering integrity of process systems and the role of formal management systems. However, there remains a need to better integrate what we know about human and organisational error. Reason’s (1997) organisational accident model has had a profound effect on how accidents are viewed and how we can learn from them. The clarity with which the model is presented does not, however, necessarily translate directly into ease of application. The model is a description of accident causation, but does not provide a method for making assessments about organisational resilience in its own right. As such, individuals wanting to use the model need to be well trained if benefits are to be realised. This paper describes a practical and applied approach to human error training based on principles of adult learning that is designed to tap into trainees’ existing knowledge and experiences.

scholarly journals Too Little, Too Late?

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Lilian Milanés ◽  
Joanna Mishtal
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Low Expectations ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

AbstractScholarship and advocacy work regarding reproductive health have often focused on women’s experiences. Concerns about men’s sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRH) have historically been on the margins in this context. In the United States, young men are at the greatest risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), yet are the least likely to seek SRH. Based on research with 18 healthcare providers in a large public Florida university clinic, we examined providers’ perspectives about expanding men’s SRH provision and utilisation. Research findings demonstrate inconsistent provider strategies in treating men’s SRH needs and a clinical environment that has low expectations of men receiving preventive care, further perpetuating the placement of SRH responsibility upon women. This article contributes to applied and medical anthropology scholarship on health inequalities through its discussion of the challenges and barriers that contribute to poor SRH for young men and the critical role of providers in this context.

scholarly journals May the force be with you: Transfer of healthy mitochondria from stem cells to stroke cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar V Borlongan ◽  
Hung Nguyen ◽  
Trenton Lippert ◽  
Eleonora Russo ◽  
Julian Tuazon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunctions ◽  
Limited Therapeutic Option ◽  
The World

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the United States and around the world with limited therapeutic option. Here, we discuss the critical role of mitochondria in stem cell-mediated rescue of stroke brain by highlighting the concept that deleting the mitochondria from stem cells abolishes the cells’ regenerative potency. The application of innovative approaches entailing generation of mitochondria-voided stem cells as well as pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial function may elucidate the mechanism underlying transfer of healthy mitochondria to ischemic cells, thereby providing key insights in the pathology and treatment of stroke and other brain disorders plagued with mitochondrial dysfunctions.

Association of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphisms with worse survival in three independent cohorts from the United States, Austria, and Japan in patients with gastric cancer.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4111-4111
Author(s):  
Rita Elie El-Khoueiry ◽  
Takeru Wakatsuki ◽  
Yan Ning ◽  
Wu Zhang ◽  
Dongyun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Japanese Cohort ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pathway Interaction

4111 Background: The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathwaycontrols cell proliferation and differentiation. Disruption of this pathway has been shown in the majority of colorectal (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC). The TCF7L2 complex plays a critical role in this pathway. Interaction of TCF7L2 and β-catenin results in translocation to the nucleus and leads to up-regulation of target genes, including c-myc and cyclin D1. Previous reports have shown that TCF7L2 polymorphism rs7903146 C/T is associated with CRC risk and outcome; however, the prognostic role of this polymorphism in GC is unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis of whether this polymorphism could predict outcome in GC in three independent cohorts. Methods: A total of 369 patients (pts) with histopathologically-confirmed localized GC were enrolled from Japan (n=169), the US (n=137), and Austria (n=63) between 2002 and 2010. Results: In the US cohort, pts with at least one-T allele ((T/T or C/T; n=46) showed a median TTR of 1.7 yrs vs. 4.4 yrs compared to pts homozygous C/C (n=76) (HR: 2.09 95%CI: 1.21- 3.59, p=0.0053). A similar trend was shown in the Austrian cohort, where pts harboring at least one-T allele (n=25) showed a median DFS of 2.08 yrs vs. 5.42 yrs for pts homozygous C/C (n=38) (HR: 1.79 [95%CI: 0.90-3.55], p=0.092). Moreover, in the Japanese cohort, pts homozygous for T/T demonstrated (n=2) a median DFS of 0.15 yrs vs. 4.82 yrs for pts harboring at least one-C allele (n=165) (HR: 10.5 [95%CI: 2.46-45.5], p=0.001). These results were confirmed in the OS in the US and Japanese cohorts. Pts at least one-T allele (n=46) showed a median OS of 3.3 yrs vs. 5.5 yrs for pts homozygous C/C (n=76) (HR: 2.41 95%CI: 1.28-4.53, p=0.0043) in the US cohort, while pts homozygous T/T showed (n=2) a median OS of 0.22 yrs vs 5.76 yrs for pts harboring at least one-C allele (n=165) (HR: 15.2 [95%CI: 3.50-66.7], p<0.001). Conclusions: TCF7L2 polymorphism was associated with worse prognosis in recurrence in pts with GC in three independently global cohorts. This polymorphism may be negative prognostic factor in GC regardless of ethnicity and etiology, suggesting the importance role of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in GC.

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