New Zealand Jockeys’ Dietary Habits and Their Potential Impact on Health

The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional status, eating behaviors, and body composition of 20 jockeys working in the New Zealand Racing Industry. Seven-day weighed food records showed the mean daily energy intake for male and female jockeys was 6769 ± 1339 kJ and 6213 ± 1797 kJ, respectively. Energy and carbohydrate intakes were below the recommendations for athletes, and the jockeys did not meet the RDI for a number of micronu-trients. Of the jockeys, 67% used a variety of methods to "make weight". including: diuretics, saunas, hot baths, exercise, and the restriction of food and fluids. A number of jockeys (20%) showed signs of disordered eating. Forty-four percent of jockeys were classified as osteopenic, and a number of factors may have contributed to this outcome, namely: reduced calcium intake, delayed menarche (14.5 years) in female jockeys, alcohol intake, and smoking. Percent body fat of male and female jockeys was 11.7 ± 2.9 and 23.6 ± 3.8, respectively. Current weight restrictions imposed on jockeys by the horseracing industry impacts on their nutritional status, which may compromise their sporting performance and both their short- and long-term health.

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The Neurobiology of Pain

The Oxford Handbook of the Neurobiology of Pain ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860509.013.24 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 387-414

Author(s):

Maria Fitzgerald ◽

Michael W. Salter

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Male And Female ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Pain Pathways ◽

Developmental Age ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Age And Sex

The influence of development and sex on pain perception has long been recognized but only recently has it become clear that this is due to specific differences in underlying pain neurobiology. This chapter summarizes the evidence for mechanistic differences in male and female pain biology and for functional changes in pain pathways through infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. It describes how both developmental age and sex determine peripheral nociception, spinal and brainstem processing, brain networks, and neuroimmune pathways in pain. Finally, the chapter discusses emerging evidence for interactions between sex and development and the importance of sex in the short- and long-term effects of early life pain.

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A longitudinal study of short- and long-term activity levels in male and female spontaneously hypertensive, Wistar-Kyoto, and Sprague-Dawley rats.

Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

10.1037/0735-7044.117.2.271 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 271-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Sherry A. Ferguson ◽

Amy M. Cada

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Male And Female ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Wistar Kyoto

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Lactation traits associated with short- and long-term once-daily milking performance in New Zealand crossbred dairy cattle

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2014-8948 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 98 (9) ◽

pp. 6094-6107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.R. Davis ◽

S.-A. Turner ◽

V. Obolonkin ◽

K. Tiplady ◽

R.J. Spelman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Once Daily ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Crossbred Dairy Cattle

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Dietary Habits and Relationship with the Presence of Main and Trace Elements, Bisphenol A, Tetrabromobisphenol A, and the Lipid, Microbiological and Immunological Profiles of Breast Milk

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4346

Author(s):

Irma Castro ◽

Rebeca Arroyo ◽

Marina Aparicio ◽

María Ángeles Martínez ◽

Joaquim Rovira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Human Milk ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Immunological Profile ◽

Early Life Exposure ◽

Study Support ◽

Short And Long Term

Breastfeeding is the best way to feed an infant, although it can also be a source of abiotic contaminants such as heavy metals or bisphenol A (BPA). The early life exposure to these compounds can lead to serious toxic effects in both the short and long-term. These substances can reach breast milk through the mother’s habits, diet being one of the main routes of exposure. The aim of the present work was to analyse possible associations between the dietary habits of women and the content of major trace elements, BPA, fatty acids and lipids, and the microbiological and immunological profiles of human milk. Possible associations between major trace elements and BPA and the lipid, microbiological and immunological profiles were also analysed. The results of this study support that the microbiological composition of human milk is associated with the dietary habits of the women, and that the consumption of canned drinks is related to the presence of BPA in human milk. Furthermore, some relationships were found between the amount of major trace elements and the microbiological and immunological profile of the milk samples. Finally, the presence of BPA was associated with changes in the immunological profile of human milk.

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Assessing the Effects of Access to Safe Drinking Water on Children’s Nutritional Status in Indonesia

Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development ◽

10.37801/ajad2021.18.2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 55-72

Author(s):

Ryota Nakamura ◽

◽

Takumi Kondo ◽

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Child Nutrition ◽

Safe Drinking Water ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

This study analyzed the effects of access to safe drinking water on the nutritional status of children under the age of 59 months in urban and rural areas in Indonesia using the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5. Both piped water and packaged water were considered safe to drink. The descriptive statistics show that children in rural areas typically had insufficient access to safe drinking water and children who consumed safe drinking water had higher short- and long-term nutrition levels. To mitigate selection bias due to the non-random distribution of access to safe drinking water, a matching estimation was used to quantitatively determine the effects of access to safe drinking water on child nutrition. The provision of safe drinking water improved the short- and long-term nutritional status of children in rural areas but had no significant effect to that of children in urban areas. A simulation of this effect on child nutrition shows that in rural areas, improved access to safe drinking water decreases the stunting ratio by 13 percentage points and the wasting ratio by 6.1 percentage points. Additionally, both household income levels and community drinking water prices are important determinants of access to safe drinking water. Therefore, access to safe drinking water is necessary to improve the nutritional status of children in rural Indonesia, and community characteristics contribute to access.

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