scholarly journals Experiences Influencing Walking Football Initiation in 55- to 75-Year-Old Adults: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Cholerton ◽  
Jeff Breckon ◽  
Joanne Butt ◽  
Helen Quirk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Adapted Sports

Adults aged 55 and older are least likely to play sport. Despite research suggesting this population experiences physical and psychological benefits when doing so, limited research focuses on older adult sport initiation, especially in “adapted sports” such as walking football. The aim of this study was to explore initiation experiences of walking football players between 55 and 75 years old. Semistructured interviews took place with 17 older adults playing walking football for 6 months minimum (Mage = 64). Inductive analysis revealed six higher order themes representing preinitiation influences. Eight further higher order themes were found, relating to positive and negative experiences during initiation. Fundamental influences preinitiation included previous sporting experiences and values and perceptions. Emergent positive experiences during initiation included mental development and social connections. Findings highlight important individual and social influences when initiating walking football, which should be considered when encouraging 55- to 75-year-old adults to play adapted sport. Policy and practice recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Experiences and Strategies Influencing Older Adults to Continue Playing Walking Football

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rachel Cholerton ◽  
Helen Quirk ◽  
Jeff Breckon ◽  
Joanne Butt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Conscious Process ◽  
Adapted Sports

Adults aged 55+ years are most likely to be inactive, despite research suggesting that older adults experience multiple benefits when participating in physical activity and sport. Limited research focuses on long-term continuation of sport participation in this population, especially in “adapted sports” like walking football. This study explored the experiences of walking football maintenance in 55- to 75-year-old players. Semistructured interviews were conducted, with 17 older adults maintaining walking football play over 6 months. The inductive analysis revealed five higher-order themes representing maintenance influences and two higher-order themes relating to maintenance mechanisms (i.e., the conscious process by which players maintain). Influences when maintaining walking football included individual- and culture-level influences (e.g., perceived benefits of maintenance and ability acceptance). Maintenance mechanisms included cognitions and behaviors (e.g., scheduling sessions and redefining physical activity expectations). Findings highlight novel implications for policy and practice, which are important to consider when delivering walking football to older adults.

scholarly journals Long-Term Disaster Resilience: A Research Gap

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s21-s21
Author(s):  
Caroline Spencer ◽  
Saadia Majeed ◽  
Dudley McArdle ◽  
Deb Parkinson ◽  
Frank Archer
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Sociological Studies

Introduction:This research identified a gap in understanding the lived experience of long-term disaster resilience (LTDR). Increasing disasters could influence more people. Therefore, understanding LTDR becomes imperative. Little research documents men and women’s reflections following disasters. Current research highlights survivors’ mental health, particularly clinical diagnoses like PTSD. Research remains limited on the social impacts long after disasters.Aim:Research aimed to identify a gendered perspective of the lived experience about what contributes to LTDR three years after Ash Wednesday in 1983, the Victorian floods in 1993 and 2010-11, and the 2009 Black Saturday fires.Methods:A comprehensive, systematized search was conducted of peer-reviewed, grey, and secondary literature for a narrative review and thematic analysis.Results:106 references were identified. After removing duplicates and papers not fitting the inclusion criteria, two papers met the criteria. However, two borderline papers were included due to the closeness of the timeframe and brevity of research available.Discussion:Most research is related to the immediate aftermath or short-term resilience. Papers provided no specific attributes to enhance the lived experience of LTDR as it related to gender. However, factors that could enhance the lived experience of LTDR were drawn from six themes in sociological studies. Presumptive interpretations were made about what factors may provide insight into the social and contextual issues of LTDR. The literature dearth identified the need for long-term disaster resilience research. The most striking conclusion drawn from themes tells how people perceived the way a disaster and the ensuing period affected their personal relationships and circumstances. Overall, positive experiences strengthened their resilience while negative experiences hindered their resilience. While the review resulted in a disappointing outcome, the dearth of LTDR research lacked any reference to gender but confirmed research opportunities for innovative research that could influence policy and practice.

Contextual Behavioral Approaches to Understanding Body Image Threats and Coping in Youth: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 074355842110078
Author(s):  
Anna L. Brichacek ◽  
Kristen Murray ◽  
James T. Neill ◽  
Elizabeth Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Young People ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
External Sources ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Selection Of

Adolescence involves significant developmental changes and challenges including heightened body image concerns. However, there is limited research on adaptive ways of responding to perceived threats to body image. This study uses body image flexibility, derived from contextual behavioral perspectives, and coping theories to explore young people’s responses to body image threats. High school and university students (12 male, 15 female) aged 12 to 24 years were recruited from educational institutions in a metropolitan area of Australia. Thematic analysis of semistructured interviews identified themes related to body image threats from internal and external sources. In response to these threats, young people reported coping by changing the content of, and how they related to, perceived threats, and seeking social support. In addition, young people viewed coping as a dynamic process that changed over time and across situations. Reported processes of attending to, and allowing, momentary negative experiences and connecting with other important life domains were consistent with body image flexibility. The coping context affected the selection of coping strategies, with body image flexibility facilitating more adaptive coping for some participants. Further investigation of contextual behavioral approaches, such as body image flexibility, could help to better understand and promote adaptive body image coping in youth.

scholarly journals “Is It Overtraining or Just Work Ethic?”: Coaches’ Perceptions of Overtraining in High-Performance Strength Sports

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Lee Bell ◽  
Alan Ruddock ◽  
Tom Maden-Wilkinson ◽  
Dave Hembrough ◽  
David Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Diagnostic Symptoms ◽  
Careful Manipulation ◽  
Sport Coaches

Optimal physical performance is achieved through the careful manipulation of training and recovery. Short-term increases in training demand can induce functional overreaching (FOR) that can lead to improved physical capabilities, whereas nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) or the overtraining syndrome (OTS) occur when high training-demand is applied for extensive periods with limited recovery. To date, little is known about the OTS in strength sports, particularly from the perspective of the strength sport coach. Fourteen high-performance strength sport coaches from a range of strength sports (weightlifting; n = 5, powerlifting; n = 4, sprinting; n = 2, throws; n = 2, jumps; n = 1) participated in semistructured interviews (mean duration 57; SD = 10 min) to discuss their experiences of the OTS. Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in the identification of four higher order themes: definitions, symptoms, recovery and experiences and observations. Additional subthemes were created to facilitate organisation and presentation of data, and to aid both cohesiveness of reporting and publicising of results. Participants provided varied and sometimes dichotomous perceptions of the OTS and proposed a multifactorial profile of diagnostic symptoms. Prevalence of OTS within strength sports was considered low, with the majority of participants not observing or experiencing long-term reductions in performance with their athletes.

The Euphoric Sensations of Cigarettes: Exploring How Operant Conditioning May Be the Missing Link in the Theoretical Understanding of Antidrug Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-502
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Borkowski ◽  
Wanda E. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
Positive Experiences

This study aims to examine how positive and negative reinforcers during an individual’s first few cigarettes (cigarette initiation experiences) are associated with adulthood smoking behavior. Respondents from the Add Health were asked about subjective feelings during their first few cigarettes. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression, we examine the differential effects of positive and negative cigarette initiation experiences on 30-day cigarette use in adulthood and lifetime nicotine dependence. The results indicate that all measures of positive cigarette initiation experiences are positively associated with both cigarette measures; however, the opposite is not true of negative cigarette initiation experiences. The results highlight the misconceptions of antidrug policies aimed at punishment of users, by indicating that positive experiences influence later cigarette use more than negative experiences. These findings suggest that drug policies and initiatives aimed at punishment may be misguided and could benefit from adopting operant conditioning concepts that emphasize reinforcements.

scholarly journals Experiences of menstruation in high income countries: a systematic review, qualitative meta-synthesis and comparison to low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani Jennifer Barrington ◽  
Hannah Robinson ◽  
Emily Wilson ◽  
Julie Hennegan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
High Income ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Protocol Registration ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: There is growing recognition of the importance of menstruation in achieving health, education, and gender equality for all. New policies in high income countries (HICs) have responded to anecdotal evidence that many struggle to meet their menstrual health needs. Qualitative research has explored lived experiences of menstruating in HICs and can inform intervention approaches. Methods and findings: Primary, qualitative studies capturing experiences of menstruation in HICs were eligible for inclusion. Systematic database and hand searching identified 11485 records. Following screening and quality appraisal using the EPPI-Centre checklist, 104 studies (120 publications) detailing the menstrual experiences of over 3800 individuals across sixteen countries were included. We used the integrated model of menstrual experiences developed from studies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as a starting framework and deductively and inductively identified antecedents contributing to menstrual experiences; menstrual experiences themselves and impacts of menstrual experiences. Included studies described consistent themes and relationships that fit well with the LMIC integrated model, with modifications to themes and model pathways identified through our analysis. The socio-cultural context heavily shaped menstrual experiences, manifesting in strict behavioural expectations to conceal menstruation and limiting the provision of menstrual materials. Resource limitations contributed to negative experiences, where dissatisfaction with menstrual practices and management environments were expressed along with feelings of disgust if participants felt they failed to manage their menstruation in a discrete, hygienic way. Physical menstrual factors such as pain were commonly associated with negative experiences, with mixed experiences of healthcare reported. Across studies participants described negative impacts of their menstrual experience including increased mental burden and detrimental impacts on participation and personal relationships. Positive experiences were more rarely reported, although relationships between cis-women were sometimes strengthened by shared experiences of menstrual bleeding. Included studies reflected a broad range of disciplines and epistemologies. Many aimed to understand the constructed meanings of menstruation, but few were explicitly designed to inform policy or practice. Few studies focused on socioeconomically disadvantaged groups relevant to new policy efforts.Conclusions: We developed an integrated model of menstrual experience in HICs which can be used to inform research, policy and practice decisions by emphasising the pathways through which positive and negative menstrual experiences manifestReview protocol registration: The review protocol registration is PROSPERO: CRD42019157618.

scholarly journals Biased evaluations emerge from inferring hidden causes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon Soon Shin ◽  
Yael Niv
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
Inference Model ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Environmental Statistics ◽  
Model Average ◽  
Positive Experiences

How do we evaluate a group of people after having positive experiences with some members and negative experiences with others? In particular, how do rare experiences with members who stand out (e.g., negative experiences when most are positive) influence the overall impression we have of the group? Here, we show that such rare events may be overweighted due to normative inference of the hidden, or latent, causes that are believed to generate the observed events. We propose a Bayesian latent-cause inference model that learns environmental statistics by combining highly similar events together and separating rare or highly variable observations. The model predicts that group evaluations that rely on averaging inferred latent causes will overweight variable events. We empirically tested these model-derived predictions in four decision-making experiments, where subjects observed a sequence of social (Exp 1 to 3) or non-social (Exp 4) behaviors and were subsequently asked to estimate the average of observed values. As predicted by our latent-cause model, average estimation was biased toward rare and highly variable events when observing social behaviors. We then showed that tracking of a single summary value, instead of parsing events into distinct latent causes, eliminates the bias. These results suggest that biases in evaluations of social groups, such as negativity bias, may arise from the causal inference process of the group.

OPERATION TOKHANG ENFORCEMENT: SENTIMENTS AND DILEMMAS AMONG DRUG-USER SURRENDEREES IN BRGY SINAWILAN, DIGOS CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-180
Author(s):  
Jonel Mark Daligdig Sarno ◽  
Jories F. Baluran ◽  
Alsan Lorie P. Santillan ◽  
Roweno B. Gamban
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Drug User ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Positive Experiences

The researchers conducted this study to unveil the experiences, the motivation to change their lives and the coping mechanisms of the drug-user surrenderees. A qualitative research method employed in the conduct of the study. The researchers personally made an inter-view questionnaire to 10 participants but only 8 participants came, which are the drug-user surrenderees in Brgy. Sinawilan, Digos City. The results are summarized according to the themes that were drawn from the participants’ responses and these are followed: Positive Experiences, Negative Experiences, Acceptance, Faith and Hope and Advantages of OPLAN Tokhang. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended by giving spiritual practices and rehabilitation to discover the life beyond delinquency and to enlighten them. Giving livelihood program can help them survive in their daily living and it gives benefits to their family. Lastly, giving them a sport activity so that the attention of the surrenderees be redirected and be comforted. The drug-user surrenderees should be active in participating such activities for them to have more knowledge and able to apply in their daily activities in life.

“The secret to happiness may be unhappiness”

Propelled ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andreas Elpidorou
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Emotional Adaptation ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Conception Of The Good

The chapter explores the nature of the good life, articulates the role that happiness, pleasure, and positive emotions play in such a life, and considers the effects of emotional adaptation and emotional diversity on our well-being. By drawing upon both philosophical literature and research in social psychology and cognitive neuroscience, it argues for a broad conception of the good life, one that does not identify the good life simply with the presence of positive experiences and the absence of negative ones. The chapter shows not only that negative experiences aren’t detrimental to our well-being, but that they are often necessary to achieve it.

scholarly journals Citizens’ and Farmers’ Framing of ‘Positive Animal Welfare’ and the Implications for Framing Positive Welfare in Communication

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Vigors
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Existing Frames ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Positive Animal

Human perception can depend on how an individual frames information in thought and how information is framed in communication. For example, framing something positively, instead of negatively, can change an individual’s response. This is of relevance to ‘positive animal welfare’, which places greater emphasis on farm animals being provided with opportunities for positive experiences. However, little is known about how this framing of animal welfare may influence the perception of key animal welfare stakeholders. Through a qualitative interview study with farmers and citizens, undertaken in Scotland, UK, this paper explores what positive animal welfare evokes to these key welfare stakeholders and highlights the implications of such internal frames for effectively communicating positive welfare in society. Results indicate that citizens make sense of positive welfare by contrasting positive and negative aspects of welfare, and thus frame it as animals having ‘positive experiences’ or being ‘free from negative experiences’. Farmers draw from their existing frames of animal welfare to frame positive welfare as ‘good husbandry’, ‘proactive welfare improvement’ or the ‘animal’s point of view’. Implications of such internal frames (e.g., the triggering of ‘negative welfare’ associations by the word ‘positive’) for the effective communication of positive welfare are also presented.

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