Athletic Maturity and Preferred Leadership

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chelladurai ◽  
A.V. Carron

The purpose of the study was to determine if preferences of athletes for training and instruction (task-oriented) behavior and social support (relationship-oriented) behavior would vary with athletic maturity (operationalized in terms of level of competition). Basketball players from high school midget (n = 67), junior (n = 63), and senior (n = 63) divisions and university (n = 69) completed the “preferred leader behavior” version of the Leadership Scale for Sports. Trend analyses revealed the presence of a quadratic trend in preference for training and instruction which progressively decreased from high school midget, through junior to senior levels and increased at the university level; however, the direction of this trend was opposite to that predicted. A linear trend was obtained for social support which progressively increased from the high school midget level to the university level but, again, it was in a direction opposite than that predicted. It was noted that future research should incorporate both a wide range of competition levels and groups with markedly different levels of success in order to determine the interrelationship between leadership preference and athletic maturity. It was also noted, however, that sport as a social system may not afford athletes an opportunity to achieve athletic maturity.

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Stevenson ◽  
Tammy L. Henderson ◽  
Eboni Baugh

Guided by the conceptual frameworks of social support appraisal mechanisms and cultural variant perspectives, the reported experiences of 23 Black grandmothers parenting grandchildren who receive cash assistance under the current welfare program, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), were used to integrate macro- and micro-level perspectives by exploring mechanisms used to appraise social support resources within a historical context. Mechanisms of social support appraisals included personal esteem (i.e., adaptive pride, self-reliance, and personal resources) and social penetration (i.e., family respect and responsibility, reaction to myths or stereotypical views held about poor people, and normative child-centered activities) as economically poor grandmothers demonstrated strong personal integrity and familial responsibility. Grandmothers relied on a wide range of sources for formal and informal support to provide for their grandchildren. Recommendations for future research are discussed to fortify established family defenses.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Afzal

Proficiency in English language depends on the knowledge of its vocabulary possessed by the second and foreign language learners and even the native speakers. Though developing the vocabulary is vital, it poses several problems, especially, to non-native students of English. Students with a low vocabulary knowledge show weak academic performance in different courses related to the language skills, linguistics, literature, and translation at the university level of education. This study, in particular, aims to investigate the problems faced by English majors in learning the vocabulary at Prince Stattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU) in Saudi Arabia. It also puts forward some vocabulary-learning strategies to minimize the potential problems. The data consist of the responses of 100 student-participants (undergraduates) randomly picked up from five different levels (four, five, six, seven, and eight) of 4-Year BA English Program at PSAU. This quantitative study uses an online questionnaire, as an instrument, to collect the data. The results reveal that the English majors at PSAU face several problems in learning the vocabulary such as knowing the meanings of new words, pronouncing new words, using new words correctly, memorizing and spelling new vocabulary and so on. To its contribution, this study emphasizes the importance of learning the English vocabulary, draws students’ attention towards it, highlights the problems encountered by students, and raises their awareness of the vocabulary. Future research may explore teachers’ perspectives on students’ vocabulary-learning problems and instructional methods implemented to teach the vocabulary in English language classrooms.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-559
Author(s):  
Elettra Agliardi ◽  
Marco Casari ◽  
Anastasios Xepapadeas

AbstractClimate change is one of the most significant and complex challenges facing the world's economies. The necessity to enlarge the knowledge base regarding climate change and its impacts and to design efficient policies is widely accepted by the scientific community, the decision makers and the general public. This special issue, which will be published in two parts in the current and subsequent issue of Environment and Development Economics, is a selection of papers related to the topic of the international workshop on ‘The Economics of Climate Change and Sustainability’ organized by the Economics Department of the University of Bologna in April 2018. The papers in this special issue cover a wide range of climate-change-related topics, which include endogenous growth and overlapping generation models; climate-related financing and green bonds; demographics; location decisions; technology diffusion; quantitative relationships and experimental approaches. We hope that this special issue will provide some new insights into the economics of climate change and help to identify new directions for future research.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7365
Author(s):  
Taejung Park ◽  
Chayoung Kim

The current study seeks to identify variables that affect the career decision-making of high school graduates with respect to the choice of university (re-)entrance in South Korea where education has great importance as a tool for self-cultivation and social prestige. For pattern recognition, we adopted a support vector machine with recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) with a big-data of survey of Korean college candidates. Based on the SVM-RFE analysis results, new enrollers were mostly affected by the mesosystems of interactions with parents, while re-enrollers were affected by the macrosystems of social awareness as well as individual estimates of talent and aptitude of individual systems. By predicting the variables that affect the high school graduates’ preparation for university re-entrance, some survey questions provide information on why they make the university choice based on interactions with their parents or acquaintances. Along with these empirical results, implications for future research are also presented.


2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Robert J. Szyman, PhD ◽  
Bartosz Molik, PhD

Wheelchair basketball may be the world’s oldest and most popular team sport for persons with a physical disability. At present, there are at least eight major international tournaments as well as zonal qualifying tournaments for the Paralympic Games and the Men’s and Women’s Gold Cup under the auspices of the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation. There were two purposes of this study. The first was to evaluate the participation motives of Polish wheelchair basketball players and the second was to compare the participation motives of Polish and American wheelchair basketball players. Data for this study were obtained from two sources: men and women who participated on Polish wheelchair basketball teams and data reported in studies by Brasile and Hedrick.1 In general, the results indicate that the incentives for participation in wheelchair basketball across these samples of players are more similar than dissimilar. The groups have similar mean scores and standard deviations for the task-oriented incentives. Future research may address whether American or European wheelchair basketball players have more similar participation motives than players from Africa, Asia, Australia, or South America or that the participants in noncompetitive sports or extreme sports have similar motives.


1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Rider ◽  
Robert A. Hicks

Past research has identified a positive relationship between life-event stress and football injuries, but research in other sports has yielded more ambiguous results. It seems, then, that the relation of life stress and injury may be sport-specific and that different sports must be studied separately before such a relationship is assumed. The present investigation examined the relationships among life-event stress, coping skills, social support, and injuries of male and female high school basketball players. Contrary to the hypothesis, the number of days missed due to injury was not significantly related to life-event stress. As expected, the injury measure was negatively correlated with both the coping-skills and social-support variables, but these correlations did not reach statistical significance. Recommendations for research are discussed.


2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE REHNER

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of a sociolinguistic analysis of ne use/non-use in the spoken French of learners of French as a second language enrolled in their first or fourth year of undergraduate studies in a bilingual university in Ontario, Canada. Specifically, it examines the impact of various linguistic and extra-linguistic factors on the students’ use of the variants and compares the patterns found to previous research on ne use/non-use among Ontario high school FSL learners and on other sociolinguistic variables in the speech of the same university FSL learners under study here. The paper concludes that while many of the same influences are at work in the speech of both the university and high school learners, the precise influences appear to be modified with continued study and that many of these patterns are similar across variables within the university FSL learners’ speech.


Author(s):  
Verna George ◽  
Paulette Kerr

Informal observation by University of the West Indies (UWI) Mona librarians and anecdotal evidence from UWI faculty suggested that information literacy skills among students at the UWI Mona are inadequate for university level. Results of an informal survey of IL in select high school libraries in Jamaica indicated school IL programmes were not preparing students adequately. Therefore, the authors propose forging alliances between the University Mona Library and high school libraries to improve IL programmes in the high schools. The paper draws on three recent successful cases of collaboration between the UWI Mona library and high schools. It ends with some recommendations.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Karla Nathania ◽  
Irene Prameswari Edwina

In the early years of university learning, university students required academic adjustment in regards to the differences between the learning demands and strategies between senior high school and university. Academic adjustment is a required process to fulfill academic needs appropriately. Schneider (1964), Aspinwal & Taylor (1992) found that students who are optimist were more likely to undergo the transition from senior high school to university with a lower level of stress. Seligman (2006) stated optimism as a way for individuals to explain and link an event that is perceived to be wonderful as personal, permanent, and pervasive. 129 students from the Faculty of Psychology participated in this research. The measures used based on Seligman’s theory weas Schneider academic adjustment. The validity of the measure was between 0.3-0.65 and the validity of the academic adjustment measure was between 0.3-0.62. The reliability of the optimism measure was between 0.17-0.64 and the reliability of the academic adjustment measure was 0.874. Based on the analysis of the data and the results of the Spearman Rank Correlation test, there was a quite significant finding on the relationship between optimism and academic adjustment. The aspect of permanence was found to have a stronger relationship with academic adjustment in comparison to the other two aspects of optimism. Future research suggested further research in understanding the role of optimism towards the academic adjustment of the university students of the Faculty of Psychology. The staffs of the faculty of psychology could utilised the results of this research to assemble an optimism and academic adjustment training for the recently enrolled university students.


2002 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. ii
Author(s):  
Jay Hall

This 13th issue of QAR contains an edited collection of conference papers concerning archaeological work in southeast Queensland. Unlike most such volumes, which normally represent the outcome of a conference or conference session, this one was actually planned before the conference was conceived. Aware that well over a decade had passed since an issue of QAR had been devoted to this archaeologically-industrious part of Queensland (Volume 5), I had been considering another for 2001 or2002 that could provide a vehicle for publishing accumulated knowledge locked up in theses and reports. However, it wasn’t until early in 2001 and a meeting with Sean Ulm over morning coffee at ‘Wordsmith, The Writer’s Cafe’ on the UQ campus that the volume (and its conference link) began to emerge as a reality. At that meeting Sean proposed a symposium dedicated to southeast Queensland archaeology that assembled a varied cross-section of researchers from diverse segments of the discipline in order to share new information and to stimulate future research. Needless to say I was in total accord with this initiative as it provided an excellent staging ground for the collection of papers I had been seeking – and much more. Thus, Sean and I agreed to join forces in the convening of the symposium as well as the editing of its proceedings and went off to our respective schools to seek seeding funds. We also sent out a call for papers and set about arranging a date and venue.The symposium, ‘Recent Archaeological Research in Southeast Queensland’, was held on 28 September 2001, at Women’s College on the UQ campus. Over the course of this day 12 papers were delivered on a wide range of topics including molecular archaeology, stone and bone artefact analysis, historical archaeology, palaeoenvironmental studies, cultural resource management and regional syntheses of spatio-temporal patterning and change in the regional archaeological record. The symposium was well attended, the papers were well received and the discussion was full and often lively. While most delegates were drawn from the University of Queensland as expected, we were pleased at the strong representation from the local archaeological consulting community and several government authorities as well as staff and students from the University of New England, the University of Melbourne and Southern Cross University.For various reasons, not all the symposium papers could be published in this volume. Nevertheless, the seven titles in this issue are fairly representative of the whole in demonstrating a significant change in the local archaeological community and its focus over the 14 years since Volume 5 was published. They reflect a general trend away from a focus on basic field-based research towards higher-order synthesis and explicit testing of models generated by previous research (McNiven; Ulm) and detailed analyses employing new technology (Rowland and Connolly; Francis; Hlinka et al.). Several papers point to an expansion of scholarly interest in historical archaeology not represented in the 1988 volume (Rains and Prangnell; Prangnell). Thus, while a relatively disparate collection in terms of topics, the group represents the current shape and direction of archaeological activity in this region of Queensland at the beginning of this century. As such it may one day be used as a comparative benchmark in the assessment of the history of our discipline, at least in this part of the world.The great success of this symposium is owing to the various and generous contributions of funds, time and expertise. Thus, many thanks go to the School of Social Science and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit at the University of Queensland for funding and administrative support as the symposium’s joint sponsors. Women’s College is applauded for its modern and inmate lecture theatre and its superb catering service. Congratulations and thanks go out to all the presenters and other symposium attendees for their contribution and support. As co-editors of this collection of symposium papers, Sean and I sincerely thank the score of individuals from a dozen institutions who have anonymously acted as referees for the submitted manuscripts and to Tony Eales who enhanced many of the submitted illustrations. Finally, as QAR editor, my sincere thanks to Sean Ulm for taking the lion’s share of the load on this issue.Jay Hall – Editor


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