scholarly journals Levels of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Alternative Irrigation Water Vary Based on Water Source on the Eastern Shore of Maryland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanelle L. Acheamfour ◽  
Salina Parveen ◽  
Fawzy Hashem ◽  
Manan Sharma ◽  
Megan E. Gerdes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Alternative Irrigation

In the last several decades, Maryland’s Eastern Shore has seen significant declines in groundwater levels. While this area is not currently experiencing drought conditions or water scarcity, this research represents a proactive approach.

Temporal stability of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes levels across irrigation water types

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongyun Kim ◽  
Yakov Pachepsky ◽  
Chanelle White ◽  
Megan Gerdes ◽  
Rachel Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Successive Sampling ◽  
Spearman Rank

<p>Enteric bacterial pathogens in irrigation water can be a public health and food safety issue when contaminating produce. Microbial water quality varies depending on the location and type of water source. We hypothesis temporally stable spatial patterns in levels of Salmonella enterica<strong> </strong>and Listeria monocytogenes exist in individual water sources in the same region. To test this hypothesis, samples were collected from six water sources in the mid-Atlantic U.S over two years, twice every month during growing season (May to September) and once a month during non-growing seasons (October to April). The sampling sites represented four rivers and two ponds. Several environmental covariates (conductivity, ORP, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, cumulative rainfall for one and seven day prior to sampling dates) were measured in conjunction with quantitative pathogen recovery. Temporal stability was quantified by computing the mean relative difference (MRD) of pathogen levels from the average across the monitoring location at the same sampling dates. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between each pathogen level on successive sampling dates was calculated. Levels of both pathogens at each location demonstrated temporally stable spatial patterns. The overall MRD values of pathogens in river water were higher than MRD values of pathogens in pond water. The MRD values for S. enterica were similar to the MRD values of cumulative 7-day rainfall. An inverse relationship between the MRD values of L. monocytogenes and water temperature were found.  The Spearman rank correlation for both pathogens indicated moderate to strong relationship between consecutive sampling events in approximately 80% of cases. These can be used to improve regional monitoring of microbial quality of irrigation water.</p>

scholarly journals Correlation of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Irrigation Water to Environmental Factors, Fecal Indicators, and Bacterial Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganyu Gu ◽  
Laura K. Strawn ◽  
Andrea R. Ottesen ◽  
Padmini Ramachandran ◽  
Elizabeth A. Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Fecal Indicators ◽  
Produce Contamination

Outbreaks of foodborne illnesses linked to fresh fruits and vegetables have been key drivers behind a wide breadth of research aiming to fill data gaps in our understanding of the total ecology of agricultural water sources such as ponds and wells and the relationship of this ecology to foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes. Both S. enterica and L. monocytogenes can persist in irrigation water and have been linked to produce contamination events. Data describing the abundance of these organisms in specific agricultural water sources are valuable to guide water treatment measures. Here, we profiled the culture independent water microbiota of four farm ponds and wells correlated with microbiological recovery of S. enterica (prevalence: pond, 19.4%; well, 3.3%), L. monocytogenes (pond, 27.1%; well, 4.2%) and fecal indicator testing. Correlation between abiotic factors, including water parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen percentage, oxidation reduction potential, and turbidity) and weather (temperature and rainfall), and foodborne pathogens were also evaluated. Although abiotic factors did not correlate with recovery of S. enterica or L. monocytogenes (p > 0.05), fecal indicators were positively correlated with incidence of S. enterica in well water. Bacterial taxa such as Sphingomonadaceae and Hymenobacter were positively correlated with the prevalence and population of S. enterica, and recovery of L. monocytogenes was positively correlated with the abundance of Rhizobacter and Comamonadaceae (p < 0.03). These data will support evolving mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of produce contamination by foodborne pathogens through irrigation.

IRRIGATION SCHEDULE OF LONG-FRUIT CUCUMBERS AND HYDROAMELIORATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION IN PLASTIC GREENHOUSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Rumiana Kireva ◽  
Roumen Gadjev
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Pressure Flows ◽  
Efficient Water Use

The deficit of the irrigation water requires irrigation technologies with more efficient water use. For cucumbers, the most suitable is the drip irrigation technology. For establishing of the appropriate irrigation schedule of cucumbers under the soil and climate conditions in the village of Chelopechene, near Sofia city, the researchеs was conducted with drip irrigation technology, adopting varying irrigation schedules and hydraulic regimes - from fully meeting the daily crops water requirements cucumbers to reduced depths with 20% and 40%. It have been established irrigation schedule with adequate pressure flows in the water source, irrigation water productivity and yields of in plastic unheated greenhouses of the Sofia plant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seasonal Groundwater Quality Changes Associated with Groundwater Pumping and Level Fluctuations in an Agricultural Area, Korea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kyoochul Ha ◽  
Eunhee Lee ◽  
Hyowon An ◽  
Sunghyun Kim ◽  
Changhui Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Groundwater Levels

This study was conducted to evaluate seasonal groundwater quality due to groundwater pumping and hydrochemical characteristics with groundwater level fluctuations in an agricultural area in Korea. Groundwater levels were observed for about one year using automatic monitoring sensors, and groundwater uses were estimated based on the monitoring data. Groundwater use in the area is closely related to irrigation for rice farming, and rising groundwater levels occur during the pumping, which may be caused by the irrigation water of rice paddies. Hydrochemical analysis results for two separate times (17 July and 1 October 2019) show that the dissolved components in groundwater decreased overall due to dilution, especially at wells in the alluvial aquifer and shallow depth. More than 50% of the samples were classified as CaHCO3 water type, and changes in water type occurred depending on the well location. Water quality changes were small at most wells, but changes at some wells were evident. In addition, the groundwater quality was confirmed to have the effect of saltwater supplied during the 2018 drought by comparison with seawater. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the water quality from July to October was confirmed to have changed due to dilution, and the effect was strong at shallow wells. In the study areas where rice paddy farming is active in summer, irrigation water may be one of the important factors changing the groundwater quality. These results provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for groundwater quality change in agricultural areas, particularly rice paddies areas, along with groundwater level and usage.

scholarly journals ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DE MICRORGANISMOS ISOLADOS DE GRÃOS DE KEFIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Alves Dias ◽  
Daiani Teixeira Silva ◽  
Cláudio Dias Timm
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli

Resumo Kefir é o produto da fermentação do leite pelos grãos de kefir. Esses grãos contêm uma mistura simbiótica de bactérias e leveduras imersas em uma matriz composta de polissacarídeos e proteínas. Muitos benefícios à saúde humana têm sido atribuídos ao kefir, incluindo atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias Gram positivas e Gram negativas. A atividade antimicrobiana de 60 microrganismos isolados de grãos de kefir, frente à Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorotipos Typhimurium e Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus e Listeria monocytogenes, foi estudada através do teste do antagonismo. A ação antimicrobiana dos sobrenadantes das bactérias ácido-lácticas que apresentaram atividade no teste do antagonismo foi testada. O experimento foi repetido usando sobrenadantes com pH neutralizado. Salmonella Typhimurium e Enteritidis sobreviveram por 24 horas no kefir em fermentação. E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus e L. monocytogenes foram recuperados até 72 horas após o início da fermentação. Todos os isolados apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra pelo menos um dos patógenos usados no teste do antagonismo. Sobrenadantes de 25 isolados apresentaram atividade inibitória e três mantiveram essa atividade com pH neutralizado. As bactérias patogênicas estudadas sobreviveram por tempo superior àquele normalmente utilizado para a fermentação do kefir artesanal, o que caracteriza perigo em potencial para o consumidor quando a matéria-prima não apresentar segurança sanitária. Lactobacillus isolados de grãos de kefir apresentam atividade antimicrobiana contra cepas de E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella sorotipos Typhimurium e Enteritidis, S. aureus e L. monocytogenes além daquela exercida pela diminuição do pH.

Ligands affecting silver antimicrobial efficacy on Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica

2013 ◽  
Vol 139 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Martínez-Abad ◽  
Gloria Sánchez ◽  
Jose M. Lagaron ◽  
Maria J. Ocio
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Washing Procedures in Reducing Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes on a Raw Leafy Green Vegetable (Eruca vesicaria)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pezzuto ◽  
Simone Belluco ◽  
Carmen Losasso ◽  
Ilaria Patuzzi ◽  
Paola Bordin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Green Vegetable

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes on Lettuce by Hydrogen Peroxide and Lactic Acid and by Hydrogen Peroxide with Mild Heat

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIA-MIN LIN ◽  
SARAH S. MOON ◽  
MICHAEL P. DOYLE ◽  
KAY H. McWATTERS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction

Iceberg lettuce is a major component in vegetable salad and has been associated with many outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. In this study, several combinations of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide were tested to obtain effective antibacterial activity without adverse effects on sensory characteristics. A five-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes was inoculated separately onto fresh-cut lettuce leaves, which were later treated with 1.5% lactic acid plus 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 40°C for 15 min, 1.5% lactic acid plus 2% H2O2 at 22°C for 5 min, and 2% H2O2 at 50°C for 60 or 90 s. Control lettuce leaves were treated with deionized water under the same conditions. A 4-log reduction was obtained for lettuce treated with the combinations of lactic acid and H2O2 for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis, and a 3-log reduction was obtained for L. monocytogenes. However, the sensory characteristics of lettuce were compromised by these treatments. The treatment of lettuce leaves with 2% H2O2 at 50°C was effective not only in reducing pathogenic bacteria but also in maintaining good sensory quality for up to 15 days. A ≤4-log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis was achieved with the 2% H2O2 treatment, whereas a 3-log reduction of L. monocytogenes was obtained. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between pathogen population reductions obtained with 2% H2O2 with 60- and 90-s exposure times. Hydrogen peroxide residue was undetectable (the minimum level of sensitivity was 2 ppm) on lettuce surfaces after the treated lettuce was rinsed with cold water and centrifuged with a salad spinner. Hence, the treatment of lettuce with 2% H2O2 at 50°C for 60 s is effective in initially reducing substantial populations of foodborne pathogens and maintaining high product quality.

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