scholarly journals POS0278 A MULTICENTER, OBSERVATIONAL, EXTENSION STUDY EVALUATING THE SAFETY, TOLERABILITY, AND EFFICACY OF A SINGLE LORECIVIVINT INJECTION IN KNEE OA SUBJECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 363.1-364
Author(s):  
I. Simsek ◽  
C. Swearingen ◽  
H. Ghandehari ◽  
S. Kennedy ◽  
J. Tambiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extension Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Womac Pain ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Link Type ◽  
And Function ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Background:Lorecivivint (LOR), a novel intra-articular (IA) CLK2/DYRK1A inhibitor that modulates the Wnt pathway, is in development as a knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment.Objectives:Subjects from two consecutive Phase 2 trials were followed up in a 5-year, pooled, observational study that evaluated the safety and exploratory efficacy of a single LOR injection that was previously administered into the target knee joint of subjects with moderate to severe knee OA. The study was terminated in its third year, as relevant long-term safety information became limited in the absence of repeated LOR administration. The primary objective evaluated the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs). Safety data for all doses and a post hoc efficacy analysis for the pivotal dose (0.07 mg LOR) are reported.Methods:This was a Phase 3, multicenter, observational, extension study of completer subjects (OA-05; NCT02951026) from two Phase 2 trials of LOR: a 12-month Phase 2a trial (OA-02; NCT02536833)1 and a 6-month Phase 2b trial (OA-04; NCT03122860)2. Subjects received a single LOR or control (placebo or vehicle) injection at their parent-study baseline visit (OA-02 or OA-04 Visit 0 in this analysis). Pooled data from clinic visits at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months contributed to the extension-study (OA-05) analysis. SAEs, knee-related adverse events (AEs), and AEs of newly diagnosed conditions requiring treatment were collected as safety outcomes. Efficacy was assessed by target knee WOMAC Pain and Function subscores and radiographic medial joint space width (mJSW). A post hoc analysis was performed for 0.07 mg LOR versus control to assess responses in a subject subgroup (unilateral symptoms, no widespread pain, 18-month post-injection radiograph at study termination). Baseline-adjusted ANCOVA was performed using data from both the current and parent studies at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months.Results:Of 703 subjects, 119 (17%) subjects discontinued prior to study termination. Subjects had a mean age of 60.7 years and mean BMI of 29.1 kg/m2, and 61% were female. The majority of subjects had KL 3 (61.2%) OA. The safety analysis set included 495 LOR-treated subjects and 208 control subjects. There were 169 AEs reported by 110 [15.6%] subjects. Four AEs were considered to be related to study drug and were reported by 3 (0.6%) subjects across LOR groups; no subjects withdrew from the study due to a treatment-related AE. The most common AEs were osteoarthritis (28 [4.0%] subjects) and arthralgia (25 [3.6%] subjects); incidence was similar between LOR and control groups. During the study, 68 SAEs were reported by 38 (5.4%) subjects, and no SAEs were considered to be related to treatment by investigator. One death occurred in the control group. Post hoc efficacy analyses demonstrated that subjects in the 0.07 mg LOR group (n=59) showed greater improvements from baseline in both WOMAC Pain and Function at 6 and 12 months versus subjects in the control group (n=70) (Figure 1; Day 0):6 months:Pain: -8.16, 95% CI [-15.60, -0.71], P=0.032Function: -9.47, 95% CI [-17.09, -1.84], P=0.01512 months:Pain: -8.51, 95% CI [-15.17, -1.85], P=0.013Function: -9.62, 95% CI [-16.83, -2.42], P=0.009No mJSW progression was observed in any group over 18 months.Limitations to this analysis include 1) subjects from LOR and control groups were “completers,” therefore, more likely to be responders, and 2) subjects could have been on any medication or treatment in the extension study.Conclusion:From these data, LOR appeared to be safe and well tolerated. A post hoc-analyzed subset of completer subjects treated with a single 0.07 mg LOR injection reported durable symptom improvements in WOMAC Pain and Function for up to at least 12 months versus control subjects.References:[1]Yazici Y, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020.[2]Yazici Y, et al. ACR meeting. 2019. Abstract L03.Disclosure of Interests:Ismail Simsek Shareholder of: Samumed, LLC, Employee of: Samumed, LLC, Christopher Swearingen Shareholder of: Samumed, LLC, Employee of: Samumed, LLC, Heli Ghandehari Shareholder of: Samumed, LLC, Employee of: Samumed, LLC, Sarah Kennedy Shareholder of: Samumed, LLC, Employee of: Samumed, LLC, Jeyanesh Tambiah Shareholder of: Samumed, LLC, Employee of: Samumed, LLC, Yusuf Yazici Shareholder of: Samumed, LLC, Employee of: Samumed, LLC, Nebojsa Skrepnik Consultant of: Pfizer, Regeneron, Orthofix, Grant/research support from: Samumed, LLC

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of AposTherapy in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Two-Year Followup

Arthritis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaron Bar-Ziv ◽  
Eytan M. Debbi ◽  
Yuval Ran ◽  
Shaike Benedict ◽  
Nahum Halperin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knee Society Function Score

Several biomechanics treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA) have emerged with the goal of reducing pain and improving function. Through this, researchers have hoped to achieve a transition from the pathological gait patterns to coordinated motor responses. The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term effects of a therapy using a biomechanical device in patients with knee OA. Patients with knee OA were enrolled to active and control groups. The biomechanical device used in therapy (AposTherapy) was individually calibrated to each patient in the active group. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. Outcomes were the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Aggregated Locomotor Function (ALF), Short Form 36 (SF-36), and Knee Society Score assessments. The active and control groups were similar at the baseline (group difference in all scores ). The active group showed a larger improvement over time between groups in all three WOMAC categories (, 21.7, and 18.1 for pain, stiffness, and function; all ), SF-36 Physical Scale (; ), Knee Society Knee Score (; ), and Knee Society Function Score (; ). At the two-year endpoint, the active group showed significantly better results (all ). The groups showed a difference of 4.9, 5.6, and 4.7 for the WOMAC pain, stiffness, and function scores, respectively, 10.8 s in ALF score, 30.5 in SF-36 Physical Scale, 16.9 in SF-36 Mental Scale, 17.8 in Knee Society Knee Score, and 25.2 in Knee Society Function Score. The biomechanical therapy examined was shown to significantly reduce pain and improve function and quality of life of patients with knee OA over the long term.

scholarly journals POS1090 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTIBIOTIC USE AND KNEE PAIN AND FUNCTION IN OA: DATA FROM THE OSTEOARTHRITIS INITIATIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 824.2-825
Author(s):  
I. Shirinsky ◽  
V. Zagainova ◽  
V. Shirinsky
Keyword(s):  
Knee Pain ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Womac Pain ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Osteoarthritis Initiative ◽  
And Function

Background:Recently, gut dysbiosis has been linked with joint pain in osteoarthritis (OA) (1). Thus, it can be hypothesized that antibiotic use impacts symptoms of OA. To date, there have been no studies assessing association between the intake of antibiotics and clinical manifestations of knee OA.Objectives:To evaluate association between the use of antibiotics and OA-related knee pain and function.Methods:For the current study we used 4-year longitudinal data obtained from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) progression (n= 1390) and incidence (n = 3284) subcohorts, which are publically available at https://oai.nih.gov. The outcome variables studied were Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and function subscales. To acquire information about the use of antibiotics, a medication inventory method was used. We excluded participants who used antibiotics at or 30 days prior to baseline (a “new-user” design). Antibiotic users were defined as those with at least one recorded use during first four years of the study. The participants were matched into antibiotic users/non-users pairs using genetic matching based on various demographic and clinical characteristics. The outcomes were assessed at baseline and annually until year 4. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model the relationship between outcomes and antibiotic use by time interaction.Results:A total of 515 new antibiotic users were matched with 515 non-users. After matching, all standardized differences of means were less than 0.05 indicating that covariates were well balanced between groups. No association between the use of antibiotic and changes in WOMAC pain and function scores was found (Table 1). No associations were also observed in multiple stratified analyses based on different duration of antibiotic use, particular classes of antibiotics, or different baseline WOMAC pain or disability levels.Table 1.Longitudinal analysis (with treatment*time interaction) of WOMAC subcategories and antibiotics useβ coefficient95% CIP valueWOMAC Pain-0.008(-0.08 to 0.07)0.8WOMAC Function-0.014(-0.24 to 0.21)0.9Conclusion:These findings do not support the effects of antibiotics on knee OA pain or disability. More research is needed on the role of microbiota and its modulation in OA.References:[1]Boer, C.G., Radjabzadeh, D., Medina-Gomez, C. et al. Intestinal microbiome composition and its relation to joint pain and inflammation. Nat Commun 10, 4881 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12873-4Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

The TRUSTY study: A randomized phase 2/3 study of trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab versus irinotecan and fluoropyrimidine plus bevacizumab as second-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3507-3507
Author(s):  
Yasutoshi Kuboki ◽  
Tetsuji Terazawa ◽  
Toshiki Masuishi ◽  
Masato Nakamura ◽  
Jun Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Randomized Phase 2

3507 Background: The efficacy of trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) plus bevacizumab (BEV) as a later-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been demonstrated in clinical trials. Therefore, we conducted a randomized phase 2/3 study to determine whether FTD/TPI plus BEV is non-inferior to either FOLFIRI or S-1 and irinotecan plus BEV in terms of overall survival (OS) as second-line treatment in patients with mCRC. Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed mCRC who failed first-line doublet chemotherapy including fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin with either BEV or an anti-EGFR antibody (in cases of RAS wild-type) were eligible. Patients were randomized to receive either FTD/TPI plus BEV (experimental group, BEV 5.0 mg/kg on days 1 and 15, FTD/TPI 35 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1–5 and 8–12 of each 28-day cycle) or either FOLFIRI or S-1 and irinotecan plus BEV (control group). The primary endpoint was the OS. The non-inferiority margin of a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.33 was based on the assumption of a median survival time of 19 months for the control (power 0.80, 1-sided alpha 0.025). The secondary endpoints were the progression-free survival (PFS), response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), time to treatment failure, time to post-study treatment failure, proportion of patients receiving post-study treatment, quality of life, and safety. Results: As a result of the interim analysis for futility, the study was terminated in July 2020, and 397 patients were finally enrolled at 65 institutions from October 2017. The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. The median OS were 14.8 months in the FTD/TPI plus BEV group and 18.1 months in the control group [HR: 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99–1.93; p = 0.5920 for non-inferiority]; non-inferiority of FTD/TPI plus BEV was not demonstrated. The median PFS were 4.5 months in the FTD/TPI plus BEV group and 6.0 months in the control group (HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.14–1.84). The RR and DCR were 3.8% and 61.2% in the FTD/TPI plus BEV group, respectively, and 7.1% and 71.7% in the control group, respectively. The proportions of patients receiving post-study treatment in the FTD/TPI plus BEV and control groups were 59.9% and 52.3%, respectively. The main grade 3 or 4 adverse events in the FTD/TPI plus BEV and control groups were neutropenia (65.8% and 41.6%, respectively), diarrhea (1.5% and 7.1%, respectively), and grade 1 or 2 alopecia (3.6% and 24.9%, respectively). Conclusions: FTD/TPI plus BEV did not show non-inferiority to FOLFIRI or S-1 and irinotecan plus BEV as second-line treatment in patients with mCRC. Post hoc subgroup analyses are ongoing to investigate patients who likely benefit from FTD/TPI plus BEV. Clinical trial information: jRCTs031180122.

scholarly journals Association of fibroblast growth factor 23 and α-klotho in hemodialysis patients during administration of ferric citrate hydrate: post hoc analysis of ASTRIO study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Ito ◽  
Keitaro Yokoyama ◽  
Masaaki Nakayama ◽  
Masafumi Fukagawa ◽  
Hideki Hirakata
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Binder ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and α-klotho are associated with anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. In this post hoc analysis of the ASTRIO study (UMIN000019176), we investigated the relationship between FGF23 and α-klotho during treatment with an iron-based phosphate binder, ferric citrate hydrate (FC), compared with non-iron-based phosphate binders in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We examined the effect of iron absorption by FC on the relationship between FGF23 and α-klotho. There have been few clinical studies evaluating these biomarkers simultaneously in HD patients. Methods The ASTRIO study was a 24-week, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial. HD patients taking non-iron-based phosphate binder(s) were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to continue other binder(s) (control group) or switch to FC (FC group). Serum phosphate (P) and hemoglobin (Hb) were maintained within 3.5–6.0 mg/dL and 10–12 g/dL, respectively. Plasma levels of intact FGF23 (i-FGF23), C-terminal FGF23 (c-FGF23), and α-klotho were measured, as were iron-related parameters. Association analyses of FGF23 and α-klotho were conducted. Results Patients were randomized to FC (n = 48) and control (n = 45) groups. Serum ferritin significantly increased from baseline to end-of-treatment (EOT) in the FC group, compared with the control group (adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval]: 79.5 [44.7, 114.4] ng/mL; p <  0.001). The mean change from baseline to EOT in c-FGF23 was significantly different between the FC and control groups (mean ± standard deviation (SD): − 0.2 ± 0.8 loge pg/mL vs. 0.2 ± 0.8 loge pg/mL, respectively; p = 0.04). The mean change from baseline to EOT in i-FGF23 and α-klotho were not significantly different between the FC and control groups (mean ± SD: − 0.1 ± 0.8 loge pg/mL vs. 0.1 ± 0.9 loge pg/mL; p = 0.33, and 2.0 ± 91.5 pg/mL vs. − 8.9 ± 145.3; p = 0.58, respectively). However, both forms of FGF23 and α-klotho were not significantly associated with each other in both groups. Conclusions Iron absorbed via FC administration in HD patients did not influence the correlation relationship between plasma levels of FGF23 and α-klotho under the condition of serum P and Hb were maintained. Trial registration ASTRIO study (UMIN000019176, registered at UMIN Clinical Trials Registry on October 1, 2015).

scholarly journals The Effect of Aromatherapy by Inhalation and Massage on Radiotherapy-induced Fatigue in Patients With Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Mojgan Moradi ◽  
◽  
Alice Khachian ◽  
Farshad Amini Behbahani ◽  
Kiarash Saatchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routine Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Fatigue Score ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Background: Fatigue is one of the most prevalent and debilitating complications of cancer and its treatments. Patients undergoing radiotherapy experience some degrees of fatigue. Complementary medicine methods have reduced the complications of treatments in many disorders. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to compare the effect of aromatherapy by inhalation and massage on radiotherapy-induced fatigue in patients with cancer. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 105 patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy in the oncology ward of Firouzgar Hospital in Tehran, Iran were selected conveniently based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned into three groups of inhalation aromatherapy, massage aromatherapy, and control groups. In the first group, viola and almond oil were inhaled, in the second group, the Swedish massage was performed using aromatic oil, and the control group received routine care. Fatigue was measured by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) before, and at the end of the intervention. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA, Paired T-tests, Fischer’s exact, and Chi-square tests) using SPSS software V. 16. The significance level was considered as P≤0.05. Results: The findings showed that the three studied groups had no significant statistical difference in terms of demographic characteristics before the intervention. Fatigue score was significantly different in all three groups after both interventions (P<0/001), which indicated a decrease in fatigue in the two test groups. However, according to Scheffe post hoc test, massage aromatherapy was more effective in reducing fatigue resulting from radiotherapy. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that massage aromatherapy was more effective in reducing radiotherapy-induced fatigue in patients with cancer. It is recommended that future studies recruit another group that receives the only massage.

Cluster of erythrocyte band 3: a potential molecular target of exhaustive exercise-induced dysfunction of erythrocyte deformability

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlian Xiong ◽  
Yaojin Li ◽  
Yanlei Xiong ◽  
Yajin Zhao ◽  
Fuzhou Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band 3 ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rbc Deformability

The aim of this study is to explore the effect of exhaustive exercise on erythrocyte band 3 (SLC4A1; EB3). The association between the alterations of EB3 and red blood cell (RBC) deformability induced by exercise-induced dysfunction has been investigated. Rats were divided among 2 groups: (i) control (C), and (ii) exercise exhausted (E). RBC deformability was investigated in the rats in the exhaustive exercise and control groups. Erythrocytes from the control and exercise-exhausted groups were evaluated for the expression of erythrocyte band 3 through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies. Exhaustive exercise led to significant increments in the levels of clustering of erythrocyte band 3 along with the conjugation of membrane proteins to form high-molecular-weight complexes (P < 0.05). Under shear stresses, RBC deformability was found to decline significantly in the exhaustive exercise groups compared with the control group. These data suggest that the RBC dysfunction observed during exercise-induced oxidative stress could be associated with alterations in the structure and function of erythrocyte band 3, which in turn leads to dysfunction in the rheological properties of RBCs. These results provide further insight into erythrocyte damage induced by exhaustive exercise.

scholarly journals Tooth Size in Patients with Mild, Moderate and Severe Hypodontia and a Control Group

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 382-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Size Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Maxillary Lateral Incisor ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control ◽  
Congenitally Missing ◽  
Mandibular First Molar ◽  
Age And Sex

Objectives: To compare tooth size between subjects with mild, moderate and severe hypodontia and a control group. Material and Methods: The study comprised 120 patients with hypodontia divided into three groups of 40 mild (≤2 teeth congenitally missing), 40 moderate (3-5 teeth congenitally missing) and 40 severe (≥6 teeth congenitally missing) hypodontia; and 40 age and sex matched controls. Tooth size was recorded by measuring the mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of all fully erupted teeth on study models using digital callipers and compared between all hypodontia and control groups using Two-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tests of subgroup comparison. Results: Two-way ANOVA revealed patients with hypodontia had significantly smaller mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth dimensions compared with controls (p<0.05). Furthermore patients with more severe hypodontia demonstrated significantly smaller tooth dimensions than those in the mild and moderate hypodontia subgroups (p<0.05). The most affected tooth in terms of tooth size reduction was the maxillary lateral incisor and the least affected tooth was the mandibular first molar. Conclusion: Patients with hypodontia have smaller tooth dimensions than control. Tooth size appears to be affected by the degree of hypodontia, with severe hypodontia having a greater effect on tooth size reduction. The findings of this study may contribute to understanding the aetiology of hypodontia and aid the multidisciplinary management of this complex condition.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Study Model Analysis: Clefts of the Secondary Palate

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mccance ◽  
David Roberts-Harry ◽  
Martyn Sherriff ◽  
Michael Mars ◽  
William J.B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
And Control

The study models of a group of adult Sri Lankan patients with clefts of the secondary palate were investigated. Tooth-size and arch-dimension comparisons were made with a comparable control group. Significant differences were found between the cleft and control groups in tooth sizes, chord lengths, and arch widths. The cleft group dimensions were generally smaller than those of the control group. Overjets were larger in the cleft group.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanul Arifin Zul And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Written Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken the scores from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.

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