INTERGROWTH-21st Project international INTER-NDA standards for child development at 2 years of age: an international prospective population-based study

ObjectivesTo describe the construction of the international INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA) standards for child development at 2 years by reporting the cognitive, language, motor and behaviour outcomes in optimally healthy and nourished children in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.DesignPopulation-based cohort study, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.SettingBrazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK.Participants1181 children prospectively recruited from early fetal life according to the prescriptive WHO approach, and confirmed to be at low risk of adverse perinatal and postnatal outcomes.Primary measuresScaled INTER-NDA domain scores for cognition, language, fine and gross motor skills and behaviour; vision outcomes measured on the Cardiff tests; attentional problems and emotional reactivity measured on the respective subscales of the preschool Child Behaviour Checklist; and the age of acquisition of the WHO gross motor milestones.ResultsScaled INTER-NDA domain scores are presented as centiles, which were constructed according to the prescriptive WHO approach and excluded children born preterm and those with significant postnatal/neurological morbidity. For all domains, except negative behaviour, higher scores reflect better outcomes and the threshold for normality was defined as ≥10th centile. For the INTER-NDA’s cognitive, fine motor, gross motor, language and positive behaviour domains these are ≥38.5, ≥25.7, ≥51.7, ≥17.8 and ≥51.4, respectively. The threshold for normality for the INTER-NDA’s negative behaviour domain is ≤50.0, that is, ≤90th centile. At 22–30 months of age, the cohort overlapped with the WHO motor milestone centiles, showed low postnatal morbidity (<10%), and vision outcomes, attentional problems and emotional reactivity scores within the respective normative ranges.ConclusionsFrom this large, healthy and well-nourished, international cohort, we have constructed, using the WHO prescriptive methodology, international INTER-NDA standards for child development at 2 years of age. Standards, rather than references, are recommended for population-level screening and the identification of children at risk of adverse outcomes.

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Impact of food supplements on early child development in children with moderate acute malnutrition: A randomised 2 x 2 x 3 factorial trial in Burkina Faso

PLoS Medicine ◽

10.1371/journal.pmed.1003442 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. e1003442

Author(s):

Mette F. Olsen ◽

Ann-Sophie Iuel-Brockdorff ◽

Charles W. Yaméogo ◽

Bernardette Cichon ◽

Christian Fabiansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Motor Development ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Factorial Trial ◽

Z Scores ◽

Moderate Acute Malnutrition ◽

Post Hoc

Background Lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) and corn–soy blends (CSBs) with varying soy and milk content are used in treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). We assessed the impact of these supplements on child development. Methods and findings We conducted a randomised 2 × 2 × 3 factorial trial to assess the effectiveness of 12 weeks’ supplementation with LNS or CSB, with either soy isolate or dehulled soy, and either 0%, 20%, or 50% of protein from milk, on child development among 6–23-month-old children with MAM. Recruitment took place at 5 health centres in Province du Passoré, Burkina Faso between September 2013 and August 2014. The study was fully blinded with respect to soy quality and milk content, while study participants were not blinded with respect to matrix. This analysis presents secondary trial outcomes: Gross motor, fine motor, and language development were assessed using the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT). Of 1,609 children enrolled, 54.7% were girls, and median age was 11.3 months (interquartile range [IQR] 8.2–16.0). Twelve weeks follow-up was completed by 1,548 (96.2%), and 24 weeks follow-up was completed by 1,503 (93.4%); follow-up was similar between randomised groups. During the study, 4 children died, and 102 children developed severe acute malnutrition (SAM). There was no difference in adverse events between randomised groups. At 12 weeks, the mean MDAT z-scores in the whole cohort had increased by 0.33 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.37), p < 0.001 for gross motor; 0.26 (0.20, 0.31), p < 0.001 for fine motor; and 0.14 (0.09, 0.20), p < 0.001 for language development. Children had larger improvement in language z-scores if receiving supplements with milk (20%: 0.09 [−0.01, 0.19], p = 0.08 and 50%: 0.11 [0.01, 0.21], p = 0.02), although the difference only reached statistical significance for 50% milk. Post hoc analyses suggested that this effect was specific to boys (interaction p = 0.02). The fine motor z-scores were also improved in children receiving milk, but only when 20% milk was added to CSB (0.18 [0.03, 0.33], p = 0.02). Soy isolate over dehulled soy increased language z-scores by 0.07 (−0.01, 0.15), p = 0.10, although not statistically significant. Post hoc analyses suggested that LNS benefited gross motor development among boys more than did CSB (interaction p = 0.04). Differences between supplement groups did not persist at 24 weeks, but MDAT z-scores continued to increase post-supplementation. The lack of an unsupplemented control group limits us from determining the overall effects of nutritional supplementation for children with MAM. Conclusions In this study, we found that child development improved during and after supplementation for treatment of MAM. Milk protein was beneficial for language and fine motor development, while suggested benefits related to soy quality and supplement matrix merit further investigation. Supplement-specific effects were not found post-intervention, but z-scores continued to improve, suggesting a sustained overall effect of supplementation. Trial registration ISRCTN42569496

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Evidence that infant and early childhood developmental impairments are associated with hallucinatory experiences: results from a large, population-based cohort study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291721003883 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Eleanor Carey ◽

Colm Healy ◽

Yael Perry ◽

Diane Gillan ◽

Andrew J. O. Whitehouse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Developmental Delays ◽

Early Childhood Development ◽

Population Based ◽

Childhood Development ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Early Developmental

Abstract Background Cognitive and motor dysfunction are hallmark features of the psychosis continuum, and have been detected during late childhood and adolescence in youth who report psychotic experiences (PE). However, previous investigations have not explored infancy and early childhood development. It remains unclear whether such deficits emerge much earlier in life, and whether they are associated with psychotic, specifically hallucinatory, experiences (HE). Methods This study included data from Gen2 participants of The Raine Study (n = 1101), a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Western Australia. Five areas of childhood development comprising: communication; fine motor; gross motor; adaptive (problem-solving); and personal-social skills, were assessed serially at ages 1, 2 and 3 years. Information on HE, depression and anxiety at ages 10, 14 and 17 years was obtained. HE were further subdivided into those with transient or recurrent experiences. Mixed effects logistic regression models and cumulative risk analyses based on multiple domain delays were performed. Results Early poorer development in multiple areas was noted from ages 1, 2 and 3 years among youth who reported HE. Early developmental delays significantly increased the risk for later HE. This association was particularly marked in the recurrent HE group, with over 40% having early developmental delays in multiple domains. There was no significant association between early childhood development and later anxiety/depression apart from lower gross motor scores at age 3. Conclusions The findings suggest that early pan-developmental deficits are associated with later HE, with the effect strongest for young people who report recurrent HE throughout childhood and adolescence.

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Child development

Oxford Handbook of Paediatrics 3e ◽

10.1093/med/9780198789888.003.0018 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 723-736

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Developmental Delay ◽

Skill Acquisition ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Global Developmental Delay ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

Developmental Milestone ◽

Functional Areas

The expectation of the growing child is to develop the skills to mature into an individual that can eventually survive to cope independently in their environment. To do this, the child must develop skills in the key functional areas of gross motor, fine motor, and vision, speech–language, and social. The acquisition of these skills is sequential with age. There is variability in the time it takes to acquire skills and their acquisition is affected by factors that are intrinsic (e.g. genetic) and extrinsic (e.g. antenatal factors, postnatal insults, exposure to stimulation, nutrition, etc.) to the child. Achieving an expected developmental skill is known as a developmental ‘milestone’. A delay in achieving a key milestone in a functional area by a certain limit of time that most children would be expected to have reached is called ‘developmental delay’. Delay in all key functional areas of development is known as ‘global developmental delay’. The paediatrician must have a good grasp of what degree of skill acquisition should be expected for the child’s chronological age, know when to watch and wait, and when to refer and investigate further. This is in order to identify problems early, treat any underlying cause, and instigate timely interventions to support the child to maximize their developmental potential.

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Status gizi dan perkembangan anak usia 3-5 tahun di Kabupaten Bogor

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.8.2.143-148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 143-148

Author(s):

Sarah Melati Davidson ◽

Ali Khomsan ◽

Hadi Riyadi

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Development ◽

Child Development ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Developmental Disorders ◽

Child Growth ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Active Communication

Background: Malnutrition in children under five causes a variety of developmental disorders. The nutritional need for children aged 3-5 age is very critical to reach optimum growth and development. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyse the association between nutritional status using WAZ, HAZ, WHZ index with gross motor, fine motor, passive communication, active communication, cognitive, self-help ability and social behavior development childred aged 3-5 years old. Methods: Data was obtained from a study entitled Improving Child Growth and Development through Nutrition and Psychosocial Intervention in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Setting in Rural Areas and was fully funded by the Nestle Foundation (NF), Switzerland. The study design was cross-sectional, with 120 children aged 3-5 years old as subjects. Locations and subjects were selected purposively in Bogor District. Nutritional status was assesed by WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ index. Child development was assessed by using Bina Keluarga Balita questionnaire.Results: Most of the subjects had good nutritional status dan development level. WAZ indicator significantly associated with gross motor dan cognitive development (p<0.05). HAZ indicator significantly associated with gross motor, active communication skills and cognitive development (p<0.05). WHZ indicator significantly associated with fine motor and cognitive children (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nutritional status is associated with child development.

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Tingkat Perkembangan Balita Usia 1 Bulan – 6 Tahun Di Kecamatan Cibiuk Kabupaten Garut

Jurnal Keperawatan Komprehensif ◽

10.33755/jkk.v4i1.98 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Ikeu Nurhidayah ◽

Henny Suzana Mediani ◽

Sri Hendrawati

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Motor Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Screening Test ◽

Developmental Disorders ◽

Developmental Screening ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Social Aspect ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Purposive Sampling

ABSTRAK Angka penyimpangan perkembangan pada anak saat ini semakin meningkat. Faktor yang penting untuk mendeteksi penyimpangan perkembangan adalah skrining perkembangan. Sejauh ini beberapa literatur lebih banyak membahas perkembangan pada anak di daerah perkotaan, dan sedikit sekali hasil penelitian yang memaparkan perkembangan pada anak di daerah pedesaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran perkembangan anak usia 1 bulan – 6 tahun dalam aspek perkembangan personal sosial, adaptif motorik halus, bahasa, dan motorik kasar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Cibiuk Kabupaten Garut. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling, didapatkan 130 responden. Tingkat perkembangan diukur menggunakan Denver Development Screening Test II (DDST II). Analisis data dengan menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar anak mengalami perkembangan normal, yaitu usia 1-12 bulan 74% normal, usia >1-3 tahun 64% normal, dan usia >3-6 tahun 65% normal. Sedangkan berdasarkan empat aspek perkembangan didapatkan data bahwa persentase terbesar suspect (dicurigai adanya gangguan) terdapat pada aspek perkembangan personal sosial dialami anak usia >3-6 tahun, presentase suspect perkembangan adaptif-motorik halus terbesar dialami anak usia >3-6 tahun, presentase suspect perkembangan bahasa terbesar dialami anak usia >3-6 tahun, dan presentase suspect perkembangan motorik kasar terbesar dialami anak usia >1-3 tahun. Suspect (dicurigai adanya gangguan) pada tiap aspek perkembangan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai hal, yang paling berperan diantaranya adalah stimulasi. Sehingga gambaran perkembangan saat ini mungkin akan berbeda dengan gambaran perkembangan di masa yang akan datang, apabila anak dilakukan stimulasi. Peneliti merekomendasikan agar perawat meningkatkan diseminasi informasi mengenai stimulasi untuk mengoptimalkan perkembangan pada anak. ABSTRACT Developmental disorders in children is increasing. One of the factors that are important to detect developmental disorders are developmental screening. However, literature mainly discussed on child development in urban areas, and very little research that explained the development of children in rural areas. The aim of this study was to describe children developmental level age 1 month until 6 years in rural areas. The sub variabel that are studied personal social aspect, fine motor-adaftive, language, and gross motor development. The childen development screening can use Denver Development Screening Test II (DDST II), in which categories as normal and suspect. This study conducted in District of Cibiuk, Garut Residence. There were 130 respondent was taken with purposive sampling techique in this study. Design of this study was descriptive. Child development was measured by Denver Developmental Screening Test II. Data analysis was used distribution of frequency. This result of this study showed that most children had normal development level, there were 74% in children age 1-12 month, 64% in children 1-3 years old, and 65% in children >3-6 years old. Based on the developmental aspect, the result showed that the higher precentage of suspect on the personal sosial aspect were in children age >3-6 years old, higher precentage of suspect of the fine motor-adaftive aspect were in children age >3-6 years old, higher precentage of suspect of language aspect were in children age >3-6 years old, and higher precentage of suspect of the gross motor aspect were in children age >1-3 years old. The suspect in developmental children were influenced by various factor, such as stimulation. Researcher recommend that nurses need to intensified dissemination of information about stimulation in children to optimize growth developmental in children.

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Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of development delay among children in Ceará, Brazil: a population-based study

10.1101/597252 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Luciano L. Correia ◽

Hermano A. L. Rocha ◽

Christopher R. Sudfeld ◽

Sabrina G. M. O. Rocha ◽

Álvaro J. M. Leite ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Population Level ◽

Conditional Cash Transfer ◽

Population Based ◽

Cash Transfer ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

P Values ◽

Socioeconomic Determinants ◽

Development Delay ◽

Reduced Risk

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of child development delay and to identify socioeconomic determinants.Study DesignWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of children 2 to 72 months of age residing in the state of Ceará, Brazil. In total, 3200 households were randomly selected for participation in the study and had child development assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) version 3. Development delay was defined as a score less than −2 standard deviations below the median of the Brazilian ASQ standard. We present population-level prevalence of delay in five development domains and assess socioeconomic determinants.ResultsA total of 3566 children completed the ASQ development assessment of which 9.2% (95% CI: 8.1-10.5) had at least one domain with development delay. The prevalence of delay increased with age in all domains and males were at higher risk for communication, gross motor and personal-social development delays as compared to females (p-values <0.05). We found robust associations of indicators of socioeconomic status with risk of development delay; increasing monthly income and higher social class were associated with reduced risk of delay across all domains (p-values <0.05). In addition, children in poor households that participated in conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs appeared to have reduced risk of delay as compared to children from households that were eligible, but did not participate, in CCT programs.ConclusionsThere is a relatively high population-level prevalence of development delay in at least one domain among children 0-6 years of age in Ceará, Brazil. Integrated child development, social support, and poverty reduction interventions may reduce the population-level prevalence of development delay in Ceará and similar settings.

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The association between dietary diversity and development among children under 24 months in rural Uganda: Analysis of a cluster-randomised maternal education trial

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898002100077x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Paul Kakwangire ◽

Cami Moss ◽

Nicholas Matovu ◽

Prudence Atukunda ◽

Ane C. Westerberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Child Development ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Skills Development ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Education Intervention ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Cluster Randomised

Abstract Objective: To assess the association between dietary diversity and development among children under 24-months in rural Uganda; and to establish other factors that could be associated with development among these children. Design: A secondary data analysis of a cluster-randomised controlled maternal education trial (n 511) was conducted on a sub-sample of 385 children. We used adjusted odds ratios (AOR) to assess the associations of dietary diversity scores (DDS) and other baseline factors assessed at 6-8 months with child development domains (communication, fine-motor, gross-motor, personal-social and problem-solving) at 20-24 months of age. Setting: Rural areas in Kabale and Kisoro districts of south-western Uganda. Participants: Children under 24-months. Results: After multivariable analysis, DDS at 6-8 months were positively associated with normal fine-motor skills development at 20-24 months (AOR=1.18; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.37; p=0.02). No significant association was found between DDS and other development domains. Children who were not ill at 6-8 months had higher odds of developing normal communication (AOR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.77) and gross-motor (AOR=1.91; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.36) skills than sick children. Girls had lower odds of developing normal gross-motor skills compared to boys (AOR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.98). Maternal/caregiver nutritional education intervention was positively associated with development of gross-motor, fine-motor and problem-solving skills (p-values < 0.05). Conclusions: We found an association between child DDS at 6-8 months and improvement in fine motor skills development at 20-24 months. Child illness status, maternal/caregiver nutritional education intervention and sex were other significant baseline predictors of child development at 20-24 months.

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Bidirectional Associations of Childhood Stuttering With Behavior and Temperament

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00252 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Simone P. C. Koenraads ◽

Pauline W. Jansen ◽

Robert Jan Baatenburg de Jong ◽

Marc P. van der Schroeff ◽

Marie-Christine Franken

Keyword(s):

Child Behavior ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Population Based ◽

Fetal Life ◽

Behavior Difficulties ◽

History Of ◽

Bidirectional Associations ◽

And Behavior

Purpose Behavior and temperament (e.g., emotional reactivity, self-regulation) have been considered relevant to stuttering and its developmental course, but the direction of this relation is still unknown. Knowledge of behavior difficulties and temperament in childhood stuttering can improve screening and intervention. The current study examined both directions of the relationship between stuttering and behavior difficulties and temperament and between persistent stuttering and behavior difficulties and temperament across childhood. Method This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort from fetal life onward in the Netherlands. We analyzed data from 145 children (4.2%) with a history of stuttering (118 recovered, 27 persistent) and 3,276 children without such a history. Behavior and temperament were repeatedly assessed using parental questionnaires (Child Behavior Checklist) and Infant/Child Behavior Questionnaire between 0.5 and 9 years of age. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. Results Six-month-old children who were less able to “recover from distress,” indicating poor self-regulation, were more likely to develop persistent stuttering later in childhood (odds ratio = 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.03, 4.05], p = .04). In the opposite direction, children with a history of stuttering showed more negative affectivity (β = 0.19, 95% CI [0.02, 0.37], p = .03) at 6 years of age than children without such a history. Stuttering persistence was associated with increased internalizing behaviors (β = 0.38, 95% CI [0.03, 0.74], p = .04) and higher emotional reactivity (β = 0.53, 95% CI [0.09, 0.89], p = .02) at the age of 9 years. Conclusions Behavior and temperament were associated with stuttering persistency—seemingly as both predictor and consequence—but did not predict a history of stuttering. We suggest that children who persist in stuttering should be carefully monitored, and if behavioral or temperamental problems appear, treatment for these problems should be offered. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16869479

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Validation of the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool for Children in the Dominican Republic

10.1101/497347 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Laura V. Sanchez-Vincitore ◽

Paul Schaettle ◽

Arachu Castro

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Dominican Republic ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Low Income ◽

Interrater Reliability ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Developmental Assessment ◽

Validation Process ◽

Gross Motor

Background: This study initiated the validation process of a translated and adapted version of the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT) for children in the Dominican Republic (DR). Like Malawi before the development of the MDAT, the DR did not have early childhood development (ECD) tools explicitly designed for low-resource areas that are also valid assessments of child development. We chose MDAT because it underwent a rigorous validation process and retained measurements of test items that were culturally adaptable from the Denver Developmental Screening Test II. We aimed to test the internal consistency and inter-rater reliability of the psychometric properties of the MDAT in children under the age of two years living in low-income neighborhoods in Santo Domingo in 2017. Methods and Findings: Forty-two children from 2 to 24 months of age (mean = 11.26, SD = 6.37, boys = 22, girls = 20) and their corresponding caregiver participated in the study. We conducted a cross-sectional, pre-experimental study. The primary outcome measure was an index of ECD, as assessed by the Dominican adaptation of the MDAT. The tool evaluates children in four domains: social, fine motor, language, and gross motor. To determine internal consistency, we obtained Cronbach's alpha for each sub-scale. The results ranged from 0.89 to 0.94, indicating good consistency. Second, to test the interrater reliability, we conducted a Kendall's Taub test of independence for both the general scale and each sub-scale. Significant Cronbach's alpha scores ranged from .923 to .966, indicating appropriate interrater reliability. Third, we correlated the age variable with each subscale to determine if the development scale followed a progression of abilities that are expected to increase with maturation. The age variable correlated positively with all the subscales (social r=.887, p < .001; fine motor r = .799, p < .001; language r = .834, p < .001; gross motor r = .805, p < .001), indicating that the older the child, the better scores in the development measurements, as expected. There were no adverse events. This study, however, has multiple limitations. We did not gather information about socioeconomic position, which is an important variable when assessing child development; however, all participants lived in a low-income neighborhood. Given that this is the first ECD tool specific to the Dominican Republic, norm-referenced scores for the Dominican population do not yet exist. This study sample size is insufficient to make inferences about the national population. Conclusions: This study represents the first attempt to obtain a valid tool to screen for development milestones in children living in poverty in the DR. More research is needed to refine the instrument. The availability of the tool will enable impact evaluations of ECD intervention programs and the development of evidence-based public policies in the DR.

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Status stunted dan hubungannya dengan perkembangan anak balita di wilayah pesisir Pantai Utara Kecamatan Lemahwungkuk Kota Cirebon

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.17721 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alina Hizni ◽

Madarina Julia ◽

Indria Laksmi Gamayanti

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Language Development ◽

Motor Development ◽

Coastal Area ◽

Child Growth ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development

Background: The problem of protein energy inadequacy is a major problem among under-fives that affects the process of child growth and development. The prevalence of stunted status among under-fives in developing countries in 2008 was estimated as much as 33%. In Cirebon Municipality the prevalence was 10.27% and in north coastal area of Cirebon Municipality was 11.4%.Objective: To identify the association between stunted status and development of under-fives at north coastal area of sub district of Lemahwungkuk Cirebon Municipality.Method: This was an observational study with a cross sectional design carried out at north coastal area of sub district of Lemahwungkuk Cirebon Municipality from November 2008 to January 2009. Subject of the study consisted of 166 under-fives and the respondents were parents of those children. Samples were chosen purposively. Research instruments consisted of questionnaire, length board, microtoise, forms, and Denver II test. Data analysis used chi square and logistic regression with confidence interval (CI) 95%.Result: There was significant association between stunted status and development of fine motor adaptive, language, and gross motor capacity. There was significant association between education of mothers and personal social, fine motor adaptive, language and gross motor development. There was significant association between occupation of mothers and personal social, fine motor adaptive, language and gross motor development. There was significant association between stunted status, education of mothers, and occupation of mothers and child development. The result of multivariate analysis showed that stunted status had greater risk for delayed language development of under-fives than other indicators of child development.Conclusion: There was no association between stunted status and child development; however stunted status had greater risk for delay in language development, and risk factors dominantly affecting child development were occupation and education of mothers.

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