scholarly journals Social inequalities and the pandemic of COVID-19: the case of Rio de Janeiro

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214724
Author(s):  
Julio Silva ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Health Gradient

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a global pandemic. The lack of protective vaccine or treatment led most of the countries to follow the flattening of the infection curve with social isolation measures. There is evidence that socioeconomic inequalities have been shaping the COVID-19 burden among low and middle-income countries. This study described what sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were associated with the greatest risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality and how did the importance of key neighbourhood-level socioeconomic factors change over time during the early stages of the pandemic in the Rio de Janeiro municipality, Brazil.MethodsWe linked socioeconomic attributes to confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 and computed age-standardised incidence and mortality rates by domains such as age, gender, crowding, education, income and race/ethnicity.ResultsThe evidence suggests that although age-standardised incidence rates were higher in wealthy neighbourhoods, age-standardised mortality rates were higher in deprived areas during the first 2 months of the pandemic. The age-standardised mortality rates were also higher in males, and in areas with a predominance of people of colour, which are disproportionately represented in more vulnerable groups. The population also presented COVID-19 ‘rejuvenation’, that is, people became risk group younger than in developed countries.ConclusionWe conclude that there is a strong health gradient for COVID-19 death risk during the early stages of the pandemic. COVID-19 cases continued to move towards the urban periphery and to more vulnerable communities, threatening the health system functioning and increasing the health gradient.

scholarly journals Current and Future Burden of Prostate Cancer in Songkhla, Thailand: Analysis of Incidence and Mortality Trends From 1990 to 2030

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian S. Alvarez ◽  
Shama Virani ◽  
Rafael Meza ◽  
Laura S. Rozek ◽  
Hutcha Sriplung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Using Data

Purpose Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among men worldwide, and it poses a significant public health burden that has traditionally been limited mostly to developed countries. However, the burden of the disease is expected to increase, affecting developing countries, including Thailand. We undertook an analysis to investigate current and future trends of prostate cancer in the province of Songkhla, Thailand, using data from the Songkhla Cancer Registry from 1990 to 2013. Methods Joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine trends in age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer and provide estimated annual percent change (EAPC) with 95% CIs. Age-period-cohort (APC) models were used to assess the effect of age, calendar year, and birth cohort on incidence and mortality rates. Three different methods (Joinpoint, Nordpred, and APC) were used to project trends from 2013 to 2030. Results Eight hundred fifty-five cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed from 1990 to 2013 in Songkhla, Thailand. The incidence rates of prostate cancer significantly increased since 1990 at an EAPC of 4.8% (95% CI, 3.6% to 5.9%). Similarly, mortality rates increased at an EAPC of 5.3% (95% CI, 3.4% to 7.2%). The APC models suggest that birth cohort is the most important factor driving the increased incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer. Future incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are projected to continue to increase, doubling the rates observed in 2013 by 2030. Conclusion It is critical to allocate resources to provide care for the men who will be affected by this increase in prostate cancer incidence in Songkhla, Thailand, and to design context-appropriate interventions to prevent its increasing burden.

scholarly journals Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Primary Liver Cancer in Lithuania 1998–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Audrius Dulskas ◽  
Povilas Kavaliauskas ◽  
Kestutis Zagminas ◽  
Ligita Jancoriene ◽  
Giedre Smailyte
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Background: Recently, reports have suggested that rates of liver cancer have increased during the last decades in developed countries; increasing hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma rates were reported. The aim of this study was to examine time trends in incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer for the period of 1998–2015 in Lithuania by sex, age, and histology. Methods: We examined the incidence of liver cancer from 1998 to 2015 using data from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated by sex, age, and histology. Trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression Program to estimate the annual percent change. Results: A total of 3086 primary liver cancer cases were diagnosed, and 2923 patients died from liver cancer. The total number of liver cancer cases changed from 132 in 1998 to 239 in 2015. Liver cancer incidence rates changed during the study period from 5.02/100,000 in 1998 to 10.54/100,000 in 2015 in men and from 2.43/100,000 in 1998 to 6.25/100,000 in 2015 in women. Annual percentage changes (APCs) in the age-standardized rates over this period were 4.5% for incidence and 3.6% for mortality. Hepatocellular cancer incidence rates were stable from 1998 to 2005 (APC −5.9, p = 0.1) and later increased by 6.7% per year (p < 0.001). Intrahepatic ductal carcinoma incidence increased by 8.9% per year throughout the study period. The rise in incidence was observed in all age groups; however, in age groups < 50 and between 70 and 79 years, observed changes were not statistically significant. For mortality, the significant point of trend change was detected in 2001, where after stable mortality, rates started to increase by 2.4% per year. Conclusions: Primary liver cancer incidence and mortality increased in both sexes in Lithuania. The rise om incidence was observed in both sexes and main histology groups. The increasing incidence trend may be related to the prevalence of main risk factors (alcohol consumption, hepatitis B and C infections. and diabetes).

scholarly journals Compression, expansion, or maybe both? Growing inequalities in lung cancer in Germany

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242433
Author(s):  
Fabian Tetzlaff ◽  
Jelena Epping ◽  
Heiko Golpon ◽  
Juliane Tetzlaff
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Health Insurance Provider

Background Lung Cancer (LC) is one of the most common malign diseases worldwide. So far, it is unclear if the development of LC incidence and mortality leads to morbidity compression or expansion and whether these developments differ by socioeconomic characteristics. This study analyses time trends in social and gender inequalities in life years with and without LC in Germany. Methods The study is based on data of a large German statutory health insurance provider (N = 2,511,790). Incidence and mortality risks were estimated from multistate survival models. Trends in life years with and without LC were analysed using multistate life table analyses. All analyses were performed separately for gender, time period (2006–2009 and 2014–2017), and income group (<60% and ≥60% of the German average income). Results Among men, declining LC incidence rates resulted in gains of life years free of LC and declining LC- affected life years and led to a relative compression, which was strongest in men with higher incomes. Among women, a clear increase in life years with LC led to an expansion of the lifespan affected by LC. This expansion was mainly driven by increasing incidence rates in women with low incomes. Overall, income inequalities in LC increased in both genders. Conclusions Our analyses reveal that developments in the length of life affected by LC differed substantially by gender and income and led to widening health inequalities over time. Public health efforts should mainly focus on vulnerable groups to reduce the persisting social inequalities in LC.

scholarly journals National and Subnational Trends of Incidence and Mortality of Female Genital Cancers in Iran; 1990–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 434-444
Author(s):  
Sahar Eftekharzadeh ◽  
Narges Ebrahimi ◽  
Mehrnoosh Samaei ◽  
Farnam Mohebi ◽  
Bahram Mohajer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Gynecological Cancers ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background: The present study aims to assess the incidence and mortality rates of gynecological cancers and their changes from 1990 to 2016 at national and subnational levels in Iran. Methods: Annual estimates of incidence and mortality for gynecological cancers from 1990 to 2016 at national and subnational levels were generated as part of a larger project entitled National and Subnational Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (NASBOD). After the precise processing of data extracted from the Iran Cancer Registry, annual age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated for each cancer, province, year and age group during the period of the study. Results: In 2016, gynecological cancers constituted 8.0% of new cancer cases among women of all ages compared to 3.7% of new cases of cancer among women in 1990. The incidence rate of gynecological cancers has increased from 2.5 (0.9-5.6) per 100000 women in 1990 to 12.3 (9.3–15.7) per 100000 women in 2016, and the most common gynecological cancer has changed from cervical cancer in 1990 to corpus uteri cancer in 2016. Age-standardized incidence rates of ovarian, corpus uteri and vulvovaginal cancers increased from 1.3 (0.5–2.4), 1.7 (0.6–3.0), and 0.3 (0.0–0.7) in 1990 to 4.4 (3.6–5.2), 9.9 (6.8–13.4), and 0.6 (0.2–1.0) in 2016, respectively, showing a 3.3, 5.8 and 1.7-fold increase during this period. Age-standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer was 2.4 (1.7–3.3) cases per 100000 women in 2016 and did not differ significantly from the beginning of the study. An overall reduction was seen in national mortality to incidence ratios (MIR) from 2000 to 2015. Conclusion: The incidence rates of all gynecological cancers in different provinces have shown a converging trend that could indicate that attempts toward health equality have been effective. The declining trend of MIR could be interpreted as advancements in detection of cancer in its early stages and also improvements in treatments, in turn reflecting improvements in access to and quality of care.

scholarly journals Incidence and mortality trends and geographic patterns of follicular lymphoma in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Le ◽  
F. M. Ghazawi ◽  
A. Alakel ◽  
E. Netchiporouk ◽  
E. Rahme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Western World ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent lymphoma and the 2nd most common non- Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for 10%–20% of all lymphomas in the Western world. Epidemiologic and geographic trends of FL in Canada have not been investigated. Our study’s objective was to analyze incidence and mortality rates and the geographic distribution of FL patients in Canada for 1992–2010.Methods Demographic and geographic patient data for FL cases were obtained using the Canadian Cancer Registry, the Registre quebecois du cancer, and the Canadian Vital Statistics database. Incidence and mortality rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated per year and per geographic area. Rates were plotted using linear regression models to assess trends over time. Overall data were mapped using Microsoft Excel mapping software (Redmond, WA, U.S.A.) to identify case clusters across Canada.Results Approximately 22,625 patients were diagnosed with FL during 1992–2010. The age-standardized incidence rate of this malignancy in Canada was 38.3 cases per million individuals per year. Geographic analysis demonstrated that a number of Maritime provinces and Manitoba had the highest incidence rates, and that the provinces of Nova Scotia and Quebec had the highest mortality rates in the nation. Regional data demonstrated clustering of FL within cities or regions with high herbicide use, primary mining, and a strong manufacturing presence.Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the FL burden and its geographic distribution in Canada. Regional clustering of this disease in concentrated industrial zones strongly suggests that multiple environmental factors might play a crucial role in the development of this lymphoma.

Diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in older children, adolescents, and adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. FISCHER WALKER ◽  
R. E. BLACK
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

SUMMARYDiarrhoea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality yet diarrhoea specific incidence and mortality rates for older children, adolescents, and adults have not been systematically calculated for many countries. We conducted a systematic literature review to generate regional incidence rates by age and to summarize diarrhoea specific mortality rates for regions of the world with inadequate vital registration data. Diarrhoea morbidity rates range from 29·9 episodes/100 person-years for adults in the South East Asian region to 88·4 episodes/100 person-years in older children in the Eastern Mediterranean region and have remained unchanged in the last 30 years. Diarrhoea mortality rates decline as the child ages and remain relatively constant during adulthood. These data are critical for improving estimates worldwide and further highlight the need for improved diarrhoea specific morbidity and mortality data in these age groups.

Solitary Plasmacytoma Incidence, Mortality, and Survival Trends in the United States

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5629-5629
Author(s):  
Anirudh Bikmal ◽  
Lakshmi Radhakrishnan ◽  
Ajay K. Nooka
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Solitary Plasmacytoma ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Abstract Background: The trends of incidence of solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) varied over time due to the changing definitions and the absence of clarity of the criteria. Prior studies have attempted to identify factors such as older age, gender, race as prognostic factors that influence survival of patients with SBP, but with changing paradigm of myeloma treatments, there is limited literature regarding the incidence, mortality and survival trends of SBP. Methods: We used the SEER registry from 1973-2009 to evaluate the incidence, mortality and survival trends in patients with SBP. The results were reported as crude incidence, mortality and survival rates. Two-sample t-tests, ANOVA as well regression analysis were used to examine correlation. Statistics were computed using the National Cancer Institute SEER*Stat software, version 8.2.0. and SAS software, version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). Using the ICD-O-3 and morphologic codes of 9731/3 to identify cases, the final study cohort consisted of 2,734 cases. Trends were evaluated by the eras of diagnosis: 1973-1980, 1981-1985, 1986-1990, 1991-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005, and 2006-2009. Age-adjusted incidence rates (IR), standard mortality rates (SMR), survival rate (SR) were expressed as new cases per 100,000 person-years, and age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Results: The median age of diagnosis of SBP among blacks is 61 years (range, 21-91) compared to others: 60 years (range, 28-88) and whites: 66 years (20-97). The age adjusted incidence rates for black males is: 0.3 (95%CI 0.2, 0.3) followed by black females 0.2 (95%CI 0.1, 0.2) white males 0.2 (95%CI 0.2, 0.2) white females 0.1 (95%CI 0.1, 0.1). The trends in incidence and mortality rates are illustrated in table 1 with highest IR noted for black males during the era 2006-2009. The 5-year survival rates for both males (figure 1) and females (figure 2) seem to be trending down over the eras examined. Regression analysis suggests males and other race have increased odds of survival (HR = 0.829, p=0.0078; HR = 0.54 and p=0.0038, respectively). Conclusions: Similar to myeloma, black patients tend to be diagnosed with SBP younger and have increased incidence. The incidence rates seem to be increasing, highest among blacks males, more likely from increased awareness and diagnosis. The mortality and survival patterns are comparable to whites. Interestingly, while the 5-year survival for myeloma among all racial groups is improving this analysis shows a decreasing trend for SBP. This observation is more likely from including myeloma patients under the diagnosis of SBP over the period of study. Recently, the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) clarified the definition of SBP which will help in accurate diagnosis and ultimately can help in accurate representation of the survival trends. Table 1. Incidence and Mortality Rates across Study Eras (SEER-9), 1973-2009 Years White (IR) White (MR) Black (IR) Black (MR) Other (IR) Other (MR) Male 1973-1980 0 0 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 1981-1985 0 0 0 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 1986-1990 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) 0.1 (0, 0.1) 0.1 (0, 0.3) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) 0 (0, 0.2) 1991-1995 0.2 (0.1, 0.2) 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) 0 (0, 0.1) 0.1 (0, 0.3) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 1996-2000 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) 0.2 (0, 0.4) 2001-2005 0.4 (0.4, 0.5) 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) 0.2 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.2) 2006-2009 0.4 (0.4, 0.5) 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) 0.7 (0.4, 1) 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0.1 (0, 0.2) Female 1973-1980 0 0 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 1981-1985 0 0 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 1986-1990 0.1 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.2) 1991-1995 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 1996-2000 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0.1 (0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 2001-2005 0.2 (0.2, 0.2) 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 2006-2009 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) Figure 1. 5-year Survival Rates in males (SEER-9), 1973-2012 Figure 1. 5-year Survival Rates in males (SEER-9), 1973-2012 Figure 2. 5-year Survival Rates in females (SEER-9), 1973-2012 Figure 2. 5-year Survival Rates in females (SEER-9), 1973-2012 Disclosures Nooka: Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.

scholarly journals Mapping of Female Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates to Socioeconomic Factors: From Univariate Analysis to Path Diagram Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongle Peng ◽  
Xiaoling Ren ◽  
Bing Cui ◽  
Henggui Cui
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Path Coefficients ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract PURPOSE: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in females around the world. Its occurrence and development has been linked to genetic factors, living habits and health conditions, but also by socioeconomic factors. Comparisons of incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer are useful approaches to define cancer-related socioeconomic disparities. METHODS: International Agency for Research on Cancer's CANCERMondial clearinghouse was used to determine the incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer data from several developed countries for 1980–2012. We subsequently investigated the effects of socioeconomic factors on breast cancer incidence and mortality rates by regression methods from univariate analysis to path diagram analysis. RESULTS: The relationship between socioeconomic factors and the occurrence and development of breast cancer did not follow a monotonic function. We found a positive, significant association of national public wealth (GDP) on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The path coefficients in the structuralequations model are -0.51 and -0.39, respectively. In addition to the significant relationship between individual physical and psychological characteristics, social pressure, such as unemployment rate (UR) has a significant impact on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The path coefficients in the structural equations model are all 0.2. The path coefficients of individual economic wealth to the incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer is 0.18 and 0.27, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A significant statistical relationship between the socioeconomic development and the crude rates of female breast cancer was shown in this study. The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer can be regulated effectively by a moderate increase in GDP, and clearly was affected by the individual’s economic wealth (GDPPC). In addition, the influence of social pressure (e.g., unemployment rate) on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer was not typical monotonous. The survival rate of breast cancer determined by the ratio of mortality rate to incidence rate also showed a similar pattern with socioeconomic factors.

scholarly journals Mapping of female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates to socioeconomic factors cohort: Path diagram analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongle Peng ◽  
Xiaoling Ren ◽  
Bing Cui ◽  
Henggui Cui
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Path Coefficients ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in females around the world. Its occurrence and development has been linked to genetic factors, living habits and health conditions, and socioeconomic factors. Comparisons of incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer are useful approaches to define cancer-related socioeconomic disparities. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational cohort study on breast cancer of females in several developed countries between 1980 and 2012. The path diagram analysis for five factors, i.e. years, population, gross domestic product, gross domestic product per capita, and unemployment rate, were conducted using Excel database function, and the effects on breast cancer incidence and mortality rates were analyzed. International Agency for Research on Cancer's CANCERMondial clearinghouse was used to determine the incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer data from several developed countries for 1980–2012. RESULTS: The relationship between socioeconomic factors and the occurrence and development of breast cancer did not follow a monotonic function. We found a positive, significant association of national public wealth on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The path coefficients in the structural equations model are -0.51 and -0.39, respectively. In addition to the significant relationship between individual physical and psychological characteristics, social pressure, such as unemployment rate has a significant impact on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The path coefficients in the structural equations model are all 0.2. The path coefficients of individual economic wealth to the incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer is 0.18 and 0.27, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A significant statistical relationship between the socioeconomic development and the crude rates of female breast cancer was shown in this study. The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer can be regulated effectively by a moderate increase in national public wealth, and clearly was affected by the individual’s economic wealth. In addition, the influence of social pressure (e.g., unemployment rate) on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer was not typical monotonous. The survival rate of breast cancer determined by the ratio of mortality rate to incidence rate also showed a similar pattern with socioeconomic factors.

scholarly journals LUNG CANCER INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN THE KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS OKRUG – YUGRA

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
A. A. Mordovskii ◽  
A. A. Aksarin ◽  
A. M. Parsadanyan ◽  
M. D. Ter-Ovanesov ◽  
P. P. Troyan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous

The aim of the study was to assess the lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Khanty-mansi autonomous okrug – Yugra during the period 1999–2019.Material and methods. We have studied the lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in Yugra over the last 21 years (1999–2019).Results. In Yugra, the lung cancer (lc) incidence rates increased by 24.7 % from 1999 to 2019, demonstrating higher rates than those in the Russian Federation (RF), where lc incidence rates decreased by 20.3 %. In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate was 30.5 per 100,000 (22.7 for RF); the age-standardized mortality rate was 16.4 per 100,000 (18.4 for RF). The mortality rate from lc in Yugra was 9.6 times higher in males than in females (35.5 vs. 3.7 per 100,000). The cross-correlation analysis revealed a correlation between the lc incidence/mortality and air pollution in Yugra. The main carcinogens in Yugra were formaldehyde, phenol, nitrogen dioxide, and benzapyrene. The assessment of the relationship between the age-standardized lc incidence/mortality rates and the amount of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere revealed that their synergistic effects with tobacco smoking can double the risk of lung cancer development. The increase in the number of chest computed tomography (ct) scans performed in the context of the pandemic caused by covid-19 infection led to an 18 % increase in the number of incidentally detected pulmonary nodules, of which 9 % of cases were diagnosed as lc.Conclusion. The lc incidence rates in Yugra tended to increase. The high rate of lc incidence is caused by man-made and natural factors, which requires the implementation of a screening program with the use of low-dose computed tomography in order to improve the early detection and prevention of this disease.

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