Solitary Lesions of the Liver Displayed by Radioisotope Scanning

1970 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
D. Melville Ackery
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Radioisotope Scanning ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Short Presentation ◽  
Liver Scanning

AbstractA short presentation to illustrate the value and simplicity of liver scanning in cases of hepatomegaly. Since scanning may be the investigation essential to precise diagnosis, it should be carried out at an early stage.

scholarly journals Data Analytics for Cardiotocography Data Using Principal Component Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.32) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Pratuisha K ◽  
Rajeswara Rao .D ◽  
J V.R.Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Principle Component ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Chi Square Test

With growing congenital anamelies in recent years detection of heart problems in fetus has become critical. Cardiotocography test assists doctors in such dignosis followed by cure. Here analytics of cardiotocography data is presented in details.Understanding ,cleaning and preprocessing the data is one of the the foremost part for any researcher,In this work data is cleaned,preprocessed,normalized, Also the attributes are selected by using the Chi-square test. Colinearity problem is addressed using Principle component analysis.Such analytics and prepro-cessing will help in machine learning or allied models for predict-ing precise diagnosis at an early stage 

scholarly journals Study Progress of Noninvasive Imaging and Radiomics for Decoding the Phenotypes and Recurrence Risk of Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopan Xu ◽  
Huanjun Wang ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Baojuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

Urinary bladder cancer (BCa) is a highly prevalent disease among aged males. Precise diagnosis of tumor phenotypes and recurrence risk is of vital importance in the clinical management of BCa. Although imaging modalities such as CT and multiparametric MRI have played an essential role in the noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of BCa, radiomics has also shown great potential in the precise diagnosis of BCa and preoperative prediction of the recurrence risk. Radiomics-empowered image interpretation can amplify the differences in tumor heterogeneity between different phenotypes, i.e., high-grade vs. low-grade, early-stage vs. advanced-stage, and nonmuscle-invasive vs. muscle-invasive. With a multimodal radiomics strategy, the recurrence risk of BCa can be preoperatively predicted, providing critical information for the clinical decision making. We thus reviewed the rapid progress in the field of medical imaging empowered by the radiomics for decoding the phenotype and recurrence risk of BCa during the past 20 years, summarizing the entire pipeline of the radiomics strategy for the definition of BCa phenotype and recurrence risk including region of interest definition, radiomics feature extraction, tumor phenotype prediction and recurrence risk stratification. We particularly focus on current pitfalls, challenges and opportunities to promote massive clinical applications of radiomics pipeline in the near future.

scholarly journals Successful Treatment for Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma of the Maxilla: A Rare Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghavan Etebarian ◽  
Mohamadreza Moravej
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Introduction: Plasma cell tumors are monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells which are divided into three groups: solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) which are localized forms, and multiple myeloma (MM) which is the disseminated form. Skull, long bones, and vertebrae are common sites for SBP and its presence in maxillofacial area is rare. There is a possibility that SBP converts to MM and some authors believe that it can be the early stage of MM. Case Presentation: Here, we present a 59-year old male patient with a mass in maxillary bone enlarging after tooth extraction. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) confirmed the existence of a poorly defined lesion in the left maxilla. The microscopic evaluation and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diffuse and monoclonal population of cells, indicating the diagnosis of plasma cell tumor. There was also no evidence of bone marrow involvement in the aspiration. Conclusions: Early and precise diagnosis of SBP is a crucial element to rule out the possibility of MM. It must be kept in mind that there is possibility of recurrence or progression to MM after treatment which can completely change the course of disease, and this emphasizes the importance of regular follow up.

scholarly journals Seven-Signal Proteomic Signature for Detection of Operable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Their Discrimination from Autoimmune Pancreatitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Yanagisawa ◽  
Shuta Tomida ◽  
Keitaro Matsuo ◽  
Chinatsu Arima ◽  
Miyoko Kusumegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Autoimmune Pancreatitis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Pancreatic Diseases ◽  
Training Cohort ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

There is urgent need for biomarkers that provide early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as well as discrimination of autoimmune pancreatitis, as current clinical approaches are not suitably accurate for precise diagnosis. We used mass spectrometry to analyze protein profiles of more than 300 plasma specimens obtained from PDAC, noncancerous pancreatic diseases including autoimmune pancreatitis patients and healthy subjects. We obtained 1063 proteomic signals from 160 plasma samples in the training cohort. A proteomic signature consisting of 7 mass spectrometry signals was used for construction of a proteomic model for detection of PDAC patients. Using the test cohort, we confirmed that this proteomic model had discrimination power equal to that observed with the training cohort. The overall sensitivity and specificity for detection of cancer patients were 82.6% and 90.9%, respectively. Notably, 62.5% of the stage I and II cases were detected by our proteomic model. We also found that 100% of autoimmune pancreatitis patients were correctly assigned as noncancerous individuals. In the present paper, we developed a proteomic model that was shown able to detect early-stage PDAC patients. In addition, our model appeared capable of discriminating patients with autoimmune pancreatitis from those with PDAC.

scholarly journals A comprehensive analysis of single-cell transcriptome network underlying gastric premalignant lesions and early gastric cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Mingran Yang ◽  
Yiding Zhang ◽  
Shuai Xiao ◽  
Xinxing Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Single Cell Transcriptome

SummaryIntestinal-type gastric cancer is preceded by premalignant lesions including chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM), which are characterized as changes in cell types. In this study, for the first time, we systematically constructed a single-cell atlas for a total of 31,164 high-quality cells from gastric mucosa biopsies of patients spanning a cascade of gastric premalignant lesions and early gastric cancer (EGC) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Based on the atlas, we construct a network underlying the changes of cellular and molecular characteristics of gastric epithelial cells across different lesions. We found the conversion of gland mucous cells (GMCs) toward a more intestinal-like stem cell phenotype during metaplasia, and identified OR51E1 as a novel marker for early-malignant enteroendocrine cells. We also found that HES6 might mark a goblet cell subset that precede morphologically identifiable goblet cells in IM mucosa, potentially aiding the identification of metaplasia at the early stage. Finally, we identified a panel of EGC-related specific signature, with clinical implications for the precise diagnosis of EGC. Our study offers unparalleled insights into the human gastric cellulome in premalignant and early-malignant lesions and provides an important data resource that will facilitate studies in gastritis-induced tumourigenesis and gastric cell biology.Significance StatementUnderstanding cellular characteristics in gastric premalignant and malignant lesions would help us better understand the gastric cancer (GC) pathogenesis. In this paper, for the first time, we systematically constructed a single-cell transcriptome network of human premalignant gastric mucosa and early GC (EGC) and derived novel findings from it. We identified OR51E1 as a novel marker for early-malignant enteroendocrine cells and a panel of genes as the EGC-specific signature, with clinical implications for the precise diagnosis of EGC. We also found HES6 might mark a goblet cell subset that precede morphologically identifiable goblet cells in IM mucosa, potentially aiding the identification of metaplasia at the early stage. Our study provided an unprecedented data resource that will facilitate studies underlying gastritis-induced tumorigenesis.

Alterations in the number of motoneurons containing immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)& choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) in the cervical spinal cord of the wobbler mouse during the development of the motoneuron disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Vacca-Galloway ◽  
Y.Q. Zhang ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
S.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Wobbler Mouse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

The Wobbler mouse (wr) has been studied as a model for inherited human motoneuron diseases (MNDs). Using behavioral tests for forelimb power, walking, climbing, and the “clasp-like reflex” response, the progress of the MND can be categorized into early (Stage 1, age 21 days) and late (Stage 4, age 3 months) stages. Age-and sex-matched normal phenotype littermates (NFR/wr) were used as controls (Stage 0), as well as mice from two related wild-type mouse strains: NFR/N and a C57BI/6N. Using behavioral tests, we also detected pre-symptomatic Wobblers at postnatal ages 7 and 14 days. The mice were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed for immunocytochemical (ICC) of CGRP and ChAT in the spinal cord (C3 to C5).Using computerized morphomety (Vidas, Zeiss), the numbers of IR-CGRP labelled motoneurons were significantly lower in 14 day old Wobbler specimens compared with the controls (Fig. 1). The same trend was observed at 21 days (Stage 1) and 3 months (Stage 4). The IR-CGRP-containing motoneurons in the Wobbler specimens declined progressively with age.

Automated high-resolution microscopy: the approaches so far

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
W. O. Saxton
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Automatic Recording ◽  
Microprocessor Control ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

Recent commercial microscopes with internal microprocessor control of all major functions have already demonstrated some of the benefits anticipated from such systems, such as continuous magnification, rotation-free diffraction and magnification, automatic recording of mutually registered focal series, and fewer control knobs. Complete automation of the focusing, stigmating and alignment of a high resolution microscope, allowing focal series to be recorded at preselected focus values as well, is still imminent rather than accomplished, however; some kind of image pick-up and analysis system, fed with the electron image via a TV camera, is clearly essential for this, but several alternative systems and algorithms are still being explored. This paper reviews the options critically in turn, and stresses the need to consider alignment and focusing at an early stage, and not merely as an optional extension to a basic proposal.

Direct observation of Fe-Al-Zn ternary intermetallic compound and its transformation during the early stage of hot-dip galvanizing

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1116-1117
Author(s):  
C. S. Lin ◽  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Zinc Bath ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Solid Iron ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Ternary Intermetallic Compound

The galvannealed steel sheets have received ever increased attention because of their excellent post-painting corrosion resistance and good weldability. However, its powdering and flaking tendency during press forming processes strongly impairs its performance. In order to optimize the properties of galvanneal coatings, it is critical to control the reaction rate between solid iron and molten zinc.In commercial galvannealing line, aluminum is added to zinc bath to retard the diffusion rate between iron and zinc by the formation of a thin layer of Al intermetallic compound on the surface of steel at initial hot-dip galvanizing. However, the form of this compound and its transformation are still speculated. In this paper, we report the direct observations of this compound and its transformation.The specimens were prepared in a hot-dip simulator in which the steel was galvanized in the zinc bath containing 0.14 wt% of Al at a temperature of 480 °C for 5 seconds and was quenched by liquid nitrogen.

Anisotropy of interfacial defects in the initial stage of MOVPE GaAs growth On Si

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
C. Vannuffel ◽  
C. Schiller ◽  
J. P. Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Threading Dislocations ◽  
Mbe Growth ◽  
Detailed Mechanism ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Interfacial Defects ◽  
Interfacial Dislocations ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Essential Problem

Recently, interest has focused on the epitaxy of GaAs on Si as a promising material for electronic applications, potentially for integration of optoelectronic devices on silicon wafers. The essential problem concerns the 4% misfit between the two materials, and this must be accommodated by a network of interfacial dislocations with the lowest number of threading dislocations. It is thus important to understand the detailed mechanism of the formation of this network, in order to eventually reduce the dislocation density at the top of the layers.MOVPE growth is carried out on slightly misoriented, (3.5°) from (001) towards , Si substrates. Here we report on the effect of this misorientation on the interfacial defects, at a very early stage of growth. Only the first stage, of the well-known two step growth process, is thus considered. Previously, we showed that full substrate coverage occured for GaAs thicknesses of 5 nm in contrast to MBE growth, where substantially greater thicknesses are required.

“Where is Dementia?” A Systematic Literature Review Exploring Neuroanatomical Aspects of Dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chorong Oh ◽  
Leonard LaPointe
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Language Literature

Dementia is a condition caused by and associated with separate physical changes in the brain. The signs and symptoms of dementia are very similar across the diverse types, and it is difficult to diagnose the category by behavioral symptoms alone. Diagnostic criteria have relied on a constellation of signs and symptoms, but it is critical to understand the neuroanatomical differences among the dementias for a more precise diagnosis and subsequent management. With this regard, this review aims to explore the neuroanatomical aspects of dementia to better understand the nature of distinctive subtypes, signs, and symptoms. This is a review of English language literature published from 1996 to the present day of peer-reviewed academic and medical journal articles that report on older people with dementia. This review examines typical neuroanatomical aspects of dementia and reinforces the importance of a thorough understanding of the neuroanatomical characteristics of the different types of dementia and the differential diagnosis of them.

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