The economic value of plant systematics in Canadian agriculture

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1537-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Small
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Plant Systematics ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Biological Systematics ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
Do So

Agriculture is like a house, resting on a foundation of biological systematics. That foundation is seriously deteriorating, in part because of lack of appreciation of its vital roles and economic relevance. Support for biological sciences is concentrating in seemingly lucrative disciplines, without much realization that the financial benefits often can not be realized without the materials and information provided by systematics. A variety of considerations supports the economic wisdom of investing in systematics research in Canada, most particularly on behalf of the agricultural sector, and suggest that failure to do so could lead to serious, even catastrophic, consequences. In particular, the present scarcity of expertise for identification of vanishing invaluable wild crop germ plasm may permanently penalize both agriculture and society. While it is essential that systematists retain their fundamental orientation to the clarification and cataloging of biological diversity, emphasis on the useful roles played and products produced is both an economic necessity and a social responsibility. Key words: plant, systematics, taxonomy, agriculture, economic.

scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals from natural products: current trends

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER R. SEIDL
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Do So

The use of products extracted from plants for medicinal purposes can be traced to the beginnings of civilization and up until the end of the nineteenth century natural products were the principal source of medicines. Since then their relative importance has oscillated according to the strategies of large pharmaceutical companies. Now that these strategies are changing, there are new opportunities for countries like Brazil, in which a large proportion of the world's biodiversity is located. There are, however, new circumstances that must be taken into consideration: material must be collected by groups which are formally authorized to do so and under the conditions of the Convention of Biological Diversity, the discovery process is being successively outsourced to smaller specialized firms and there is a growing integration with producers of cosmetics and phytomedicines.

scholarly journals The Value of Remotely Sensed Information: The Case of a GRACE-Enhanced Drought Severity Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bernknopf ◽  
David Brookshire ◽  
Yusuke Kuwayama ◽  
Molly Macauley ◽  
Matthew Rodell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Abstract A decision framework is developed for quantifying the economic value of information (VOI) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission for drought monitoring, with a focus on the potential contributions of groundwater storage and soil moisture measurements from the GRACE data assimilation (GRACE-DA) system. The study consists of (i) the development of a conceptual framework to evaluate the socioeconomic value of GRACE-DA as a contributing source of information to drought monitoring; (ii) structured listening sessions to understand the needs of stakeholders who are affected by drought monitoring; (iii) econometric analysis based on the conceptual framework that characterizes the contribution of GRACE-DA to the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) in capturing the effects of drought on the agricultural sector; and (iv) a demonstration of how the improved characterization of drought conditions may influence decisions made in a real-world drought disaster assistance program. Results show that GRACE-DA has the potential to lower the uncertainty associated with the understanding of drought and that this improved understanding has the potential to change policy decisions that lead to tangible societal benefits.

scholarly journals How is People's Awareness of “Biodiversity” Measured ?Using Sentiment Analysis and LDA Topic Modeling in the Twitter Discourse Space from 2010 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimon Ohtani
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Emotion Lexicon ◽  
Aichi Biodiversity Targets ◽  
Do So

Abstract The importance of biodiversity conservation is gradually being recognized worldwide, and 2020 was the final year of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets formulated at the 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP10) in 2010. Unfortunately, the majority of the targets were assessed as unachievable. While it is essential to measure public awareness of biodiversity when setting the post-2020 targets, it is also a difficult task to propose a method to do so. This study provides a diachronic exploration of the discourse on “biodiversity” from 2010 to 2020, using Twitter posts, in combination with sentiment analysis and topic modeling, which are commonly used in data science. Through the aggregation and comparison of n-grams, the visualization of eight types of emotional tendencies using the NRC emotion lexicon, the construction of topic models using Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), and the qualitative analysis of tweet texts based on these models, I was able to classify and analyze unstructured tweets in a meaningful way. The results revealed the evolution of words used with “biodiversity” on Twitter over the past decade, the emotional tendencies behind the contexts in which “biodiversity” has been used, and the approximate content of tweet texts that have constituted topics with distinctive characteristics. While the search for people's awareness through SNS analysis still has many limitations, it is undeniable that important suggestions can be obtained. In order to further refine the research method, it will be essential to improve the skills of analysts and accumulate research examples as well as to advance data science.

Economics of the Biodiversity Convention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne C. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Aichi Targets ◽  
Conservation Costs ◽  
Sixth Mass Extinction ◽  
The World ◽  
Biodiversity Convention

Biological diversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, in all its forms and interactions. Biological diversity, or biodiversity for short, is being lost at an unprecedented rate. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species estimates that 25% of mammals, 41% of amphibians, 33% of reef building corals, and 13% of birds are threatened with extinction. These biodiversity benefits are being lost due to conversion of natural habitat, overharvesting, pollution, invasive species, and climate change. The loss of biodiversity is important because it provides many critical resources, services, and ecosystem functions, such as foods, medicines, clean air, and storm protection. Biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse pose a major risk to human societies and economic welfare. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was established in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Rio “Earth Summit”) and enacted in 1993. The international treaty aims to conserve biodiversity and ensure the sustainable use of the components of biodiversity and the equitable sharing of the benefits derived from the use of genetic resources. The CBD has near universal global participation with 196 parties signatory to the treaty. The non-legally binding commitments established in 2010 by the CBD are known as the Aichi Targets. They include the goal of conserving at least 17% of terrestrial and inland water habitats and 10% of coastal and marine areas by 2020. Biodiversity continues to decline at an unprecedented rate and the world faces “biological annihilation” and a sixth mass extinction event. There are several underlying causes of the continuing loss of biodiversity that need to be addressed. First, the CBD Aichi Targets are not ambitious enough and should be extended to protect as much as 50% of the terrestrial realm for biodiversity. Second, it is difficult to place an economic value on the range of direct, indirect, and nonuse values of biodiversity. The failure to take into account the full economic value of biodiversity in prices, projects, and policy decisions means that biodiversity is often misused and overused. Third, biodiversity is a global public good and displays nonrival and nonexcludable characteristics. Because of this, it is difficult to raise sufficient funds for conservation and to channel these funds to cover local conservation costs. In particular, much of the world’s biodiversity is located in (mainly tropical) developing countries, and they do not have the incentive or the funds to spend the money to “save” enough biodiversity on behalf of the rest of the world. The funding for global biodiversity conservation is $4–$10 billion annually, whereas around $100 billion a year is needed to protect the Earth’s broad range of animal and plant species. This funding gap undermines CBD’s conservation efforts. Governments and international organizations have been unable to raise the investments needed to reverse the decline in biological populations and habitats on land and in oceans. There is an important role for private-sector involvement in the CBD to endorse efforts for more sustainable use of biodiversity and to contribute funds to finance conservation and habitat protection efforts.

The Use of Satnav Systems for Precise Time Transfer

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
J. D. H. Pilkington
Keyword(s):  
Time Transfer ◽  
Daylight Saving Time ◽  
Daylight Saving ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
Precise Time ◽  
Do So

Everyone needs a knowledge of ‘the time’, even if the accuracy required is only sufficient to keep an appointment, catch a train or watch a particular TV programme. An isolated clock, started at random and ticking at an unknown rate, can only be used to compare intervals of time. Although this is often useful – for example, in cookery or athletics – the full value of a clock can be realized only if its reading provides a model of the status of a continuing process (such as the rotation of the Earth) or if the clock is a member of a group of clocks, all of which show the same time and may be expected to continue to do so. Particular applications may demand that some members of the group must be kept in closer agreement than others, or must all reliably remain within a stated tolerance for a longer period, but specifications of this kind arise only from economic necessity; in principle all clocks should agree at all times – subject, of course to the unavoidable restrictions imposed by the laws of physics and perhaps the complexities of daylight-saving time.

scholarly journals POTENSI DAN DAYA DUKUNG LESTARI TEGAKAN AREN DI DESA LANNE

PERENNIAL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Dewi Indasary ◽  
Nurul Hikmah Melilani ◽  
Muhammad Ramdhan Rachmat ◽  
Suhasman Suhasman
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The People ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Almost All

Palm trees have high economic potential because almost all parties can provide financial benefits. But of all palm products, the palm sap that comes from the male flower arm as an ingredient for the production of brown sugar is the greatest economic value. However, there are some people who prefer to cut palm trees for cultural purposes instead of properly handling them to be used as brown sugar. This research aims to analyze the carrying capacity and potential of palm trees in Lanne Village. The location of this investigation was carried out in Lanne Village, Tondong Tallasa District, Pangkajene and Kepulauan Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The location of the sugar palm administrators is in two villages, namely, Manjalling and Mariololo. The research method used is a qualitative research method that uses inventory, observation and interview techniques. The results obtained are that for now the people of Lanne do not comply with the capacity of sustainable cargo. The presence of sugar palm is now relatively minor. Therefore, to restore the glory of the sugar palm sugar population must be added

scholarly journals The Dangerous of Landuse Change at Semarang City

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariyanto Hariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Landuse Change ◽  
Settlement Area ◽  
The Government

Town in veri dynamic area. Growth of populatio, both natural and  migration (urbanization), need area for the settlement and their activities. Neccesity of area for settlement can’t be avoided. As a result, there is a landuse changing from non settlement area (set field, dry field, swamp, pond) to settlement area. This change will influence the hydro system balance in Semarang, for instance the extending of flooding area, etc. This research tries to find the characteristi of landuse change in Semarang. The characteristic involving how is pattern, process, intensity, and tendency. Pattern of landuse changing is sequence of using area before it became the settlement. Process of landuse change is by using the population are able to settle. Tendency is degree of landuse change speed. This research methods secondary analysis method, that is compare the statistic data of the landuse and map in 1980 and 2000. The sampling is by purposive random sampling method. Purposive is used so that all subdistricts in sub urban are represented. The sample area is the from percil in ertain coordinate. Result of this research shows that there is landuse changing rapidly that is decrease in the width of wet field, dry field, swamp, and pond. On the other hand, there is increase in width of settlement area and other dry land with intensity 232 ha every years. Wet field decrease 131,7 ha every years, swamp and pond 31 ha, and dry field 24,2 ha every years. In actually this landuse changing pattern is out of government policy. Semarang conversed. However, wet field is water habitat that is most potential. Tendency of sttlement growth is more facus on accesibility aspect and available city’s facilities only. Number of settlement are built on land which not suitable, such labile land, or high slope. It proves that the government control function is weak. The conclusion from this research that landuse changing has to be ontrolled restrainded, so it will not cause the bad effet in Semarang. Width the wet field is 10% by width town, must be conservation. Because wet field has ecology value and economic value that is rice production and absorb labour in agricultural sector. Therefore, function role of government controll must be actived.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON WATER CONSUMPTION IN THE PARANÁ STATE PRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: A METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Paulo Rogério Alves Brene ◽  
Umberto Antonio Sesso Filho ◽  
Ronaldo Raemy Rangel ◽  
Everson Kapusniak
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Information Ratio ◽  
System A ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Productive System ◽  
Do So

This study aims to build a methodology for the determination of water consumption by sector in the state of Paraná's productive system. For this, it uses data from 2013 (which observed by today's look, allow effects analysis). In order to do so, the importance of water in industrial, commercial, public and practical productionprocesses a methodology was presented to determine the sectorial consumption of water in the Paraná state productive system in 50 sectors. For this purpose, data are used for the input matrix of the state for the year 2013, the number of formal jobs included in the Annual Social Information Ratio (RAIS, 2018) for the same period,and the billed volume of water for the year of 2013, coming from the Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (SANEPAR, 2018). As a result, a total water consumption for the state of Paraná in 2013 was 391,842,491 m3, with an emphasis on the agricultural sector representing around 70% of this consumption, according to WWAP(2017), with approximately 274,289,744 m3 of water, followed by Commerce with 65,034,959 m3, Industry with 24,992,889 m3, Public Administration with 20,262,809 m3 and Public Utility with 7,262,090 m3.

scholarly journals Program Kemitraan dalam Sistem Pertanian Terpadu

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Sahat M. Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Gear Up ◽  
Collaboration Pattern ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Development Orientation ◽  
Institutional Relationships

<p><strong>English</strong></p><p>Collaboration pattern for productive activities in the form of public - private partnerships in the agricultural sector is very important and could be an alternative program to improve farmer’s income. Public - Private Partnership (PPP) is a policy instrument to gear up rural resources toward competitive produces. This paper describes the concept of partne rships program for integrated farm i ng systems and discusses its development orientation. Nucleus - plasma and sub - contract partnership patterns are mostly suitable for agricultural sector. PPP has its potential to strengthen institutional relationships betwe en the farmers and private sectors through government facilities. PPP should be able to help the farmers to deal with agribusiness financial problems, improve product quality, and increase access to market. Energy and other high economic value products ob tained from this partnerships business activities are expected to support food self - reliance and improve farmer’s welfare. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesia</strong></p><p>Pola kerja sama untuk kegiatan produktif dalam bentuk kemitraan (public-private partnership atau PPP) di sektor pertanian sangat penting sebagai alternatif program dalam rangka peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat. PPP adalah salah satu instrumen kebijakan yang mampu menggerakkan sumber daya perdesaan untuk menghasilkan produk yang berdaya saing. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep program kemitraan untuk sistem pertanian terpadu dan membahas orientasi pengembangannya. Pola kemitraan inti-plasma dan subkontrak dinilai relevan diaplikasikan untuk sektor pertanian. PPP berpotensi memperkuat hubungan kelembagaan antara petani dengan swasta yang difasilitasi pemerintah. PPP dapat membantu petani mengatasi masalah pembiayaan usaha pertanian, memperbaiki kualitas produk, dan meningkatkan akses pasar bagi produk yang dihasilkannya. Energi dan produk bernilai ekonomi tinggi lain yang dihasilkan dengan pola kerja sama ini diharapkan dapat mendukung kemandirian pangan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani.</p>

scholarly journals Pengembangan Diversifikasi Olahan Produk Air Nira Bernilai Ekonomis Tinggi di Dusun Kekait Daye

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangga Alif Faresta ◽  
Adi Septiawan ◽  
Sindi Nopita Agustina ◽  
Zamzami Zamzami ◽  
Alan Maulana Karisma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
The People ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
The One

NTB is one of the provinces that experienced significant economic growth. In 2017 the economic growth of NTB Province reached 7.1% from 5.6% of national economic growth. Of course this comes from various fields, one of which is the agricultural sector, namely processed products of water sap (palm sugar). The NTB sugar production center is a national superior product commodity with good production quality (NTB in Figures, 2018). One of the villages which is a commodity of palm sugar is Kekait Daye Hamlet. However, this condition is not supported by the earthquake during August-September 2018 which caused the economic paralysis in NTB. The purchasing power of the people has decreased dramatically, the production process of processed products for the people must be stopped and even out of business. So that it causes the production process to weaken because people have to lose production sites and equipment in the manufacture. Plus the products produced are still in the form of general products such as ant sugar and briquette sugar which if sold have prices that are not too high while on the one hand there needs to be innovation to improve the economy of the community. So the researchers made an innovation in the diversification of processed water sap products that have high economic value. This research aims to create processed products of water diversified sap which have high economic value, good packaging and good quality. The method of this research starts from the preparation of tools and materials, making products and socializing to the public. The results of the study were the creation of a diversified process of palm water products in the form of palm sugar, palm coffee , and sugar palm chocolate. Keywords: diversification, economic, kekait, palm

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document