Phoma etheridgei sp.nov. from black galls and cankers of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and its potential role as a bioprotectant against the aspen decay pathogen Phellinus tremulae

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1424-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Hutchison ◽  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
Lawrence M. Kawchuk ◽  
Yasuyuki Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites

Phoma etheridgei is described and illustrated from isolates obtained from the bark of black galls and cankers of trembling aspen in Alberta. Comparisons are made with Phoma enteroleuca and several other mostly wood-inhabiting Phoma spp. using morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics. A key is provided for the differentiation of Phoma spp. that could potentially be isolated from Populus wood. Phoma etheridgei produced antifungal compounds that were strongly inhibitory in vitro to the aspen decay pathogen Phellinus tremulae on agar, in liquid media and on aspen wood chips, and may play a role in the natural ecosystem as an antagonist to Phellinus tremulae. Key words: Phoma etheridgei, taxonomy, black gall, antifungal metabolites, biological control, Phellinus tremulae, Populus tremuloides.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen sources on the production of antifungal metabolites by Streptomyces hygroscopicus

2017 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Ivana Mitrovic ◽  
Jovana Grahovac ◽  
Jelena Dodic ◽  
Sinisa Dodic ◽  
Mila Grahovac
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites

Biotechnologically produced antifungal compounds for control of plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi represent a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides. Fungi from the genera Alternaria and Fusarium are listed among important storage pathogens of apple fruits. A. alternata causes significant annual losses of apple fruit. Also, F. avenaceum is one of the most commonly encountered Fusarium species identified as the causal agent of a wet apple core rot. Species of the Streptomyces genera are soil bacteria that produce significant quantities of bioactive compounds in appropriate media. Defining the culture medium composition is the basis of bioprocesses development. Nitrogen source is critical component of cultivation medium and also the most useful tool for stimulation of the antifungal metabolites production. The aim of this study was to select the best nitrogen sources in medium for the production of antifungal compounds effective against A. alternata and F. avenaceum by S. hygroscopicus. Activity of the cultivation liquids on A. alternata and F. avenaceum isolates was tested in vitro using well diffusion method. The results in?dicate that maximum inhibition zone was reached in medium with soybean meal as nitrogen source with inhibition diameter more than 35 mm for both tested fungi.

THE NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF AN ANTIBIOTIC IN THE MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS CENOCOCCUM GRANIFORME

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
George N. Krywolap ◽  
Larry F. Grand ◽  
L. E. Casida Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Cenococcum Graniforme ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Antibiotic activity chromatographically resembling that produced in vitro by Cenococcum graniforme has been demonstrated in extracts from C. graniforme mycorrhizae and from roots and needles of three species of conifers. In trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), activity was observed only in mycorrhizal roots and not in leaves. Seedlings of conifers, presumably devoid of C. graniforme mycorrhizae, also contained antibiotic resembling that of C. graniforme. However, the surrounding soil, which contained C. graniforme sclerotia, also exhibited the antibiotic on extraction with acetone but not on extraction with saline.

Characterization of trembling aspen wood (Populus tremuloides L.) degraded with the white rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and MWLs isolated thereof

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon-Weon Choi ◽  
Don-Ha Choi ◽  
Sye-Hee Ahn ◽  
Sung-Suk Lee ◽  
Myung-Kil Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora

Wood-inhabiting microfungi isolated from Populus tremuloides from Alberta and northeastern British Columbia

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Healthy Tissue ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Hypoxylon Mammatum ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

Forty-nine taxa of sporulating microfungi were isolated in pure culture from the bark and wood of living and recently cut stems of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) from several sites in central Alberta and northeastern British Columbia. Stems were either healthy, blue stained, or decayed, or else possessed cankers or black galls. Several ecological groupings of fungi were recognized, including wood-staining fungi (e.g., Ophiostoma piliferum), black-gall-associated fungi (e.g., Hyphozyma lignicola, Knufia cryptophialidica,Phoma etheridgei), canker-causing pathogens (e.g., Nectria cinnabarina, Tympanis spermatiospora, Valsa sordida), and fungi that could be referred to as endophytes. This latter group consisted of an assortment of fungi normally found in niches other than wood (e.g., Ciborinia whetzelii, Sporormiella similis), microfungi associated with decayed wood (e.g., Cryptosphaeria lignyota, Phialocephala fusca, Phialophora alba, Phialophora bubakii, or canker-causing fungi isolated from healthy tissue (e.g., Hypoxylon mammatum, Leucostoma nivea.Key words: microfungi, endophytes, Populus, aspen, wood, Ascomycota, hyphomycetes, coelomycetes.

Effects of gamma ray on some molecular characteristics of in vitro regenerated Gerbera jamesonii Bolus

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Nazma Akter ◽  
RH Sarker ◽  
MI Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii

DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i2.7490Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(2): 207-214, 2010 (December)

scholarly journals Diffusible Compounds Produced by Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus Help to Control the Causal Agents of Gray Rot and Summer Bunch Rot of Table Grapes

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Matías Olivera ◽  
Ninoska Delgado ◽  
Fabiola Cádiz ◽  
Natalia Riquelme ◽  
Iván Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Direct Bioautography

Gray and summer bunch rot are important diseases of table grapes due to the high economic and environmental cost of their control with synthetic fungicides. The ability to produce antifungal compounds against the causal agents Botrytis, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus of two microorganisms isolated from table grapes and identified as Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus was evaluated. In dual cultures, both biocontrol agents (together and separately) inhibited in vitro mycelial growth of these pathogens. To identify the compounds responsible for the inhibitory effect, extractions were carried out with organic solvents from biocontrol agents separately. Through dual cultures with pathogens and pure extracts, only the hexane extract from H. osmophila showed an inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea. To further identify these compounds, the direct bioautography technique was used. This technique made it possible to determine the band displaying antifungal activity at Rf = 0.05–0.2. The compounds present in this band were identified by GC-MS and compared to the NIST library. The most abundant compounds, not previously reported, corresponded to alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and terpenoids. H. osmophila and G. cerinus have the potential to control the causal agents of gray and summer bunch rot of table grapes.

scholarly journals Loss of ferroportin induces memory impairment by promoting ferroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Dai Bao ◽  
Pei Pang ◽  
Xiao-Ting Zhou ◽  
Fan Hu ◽  
Wan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Intracellular Iron

AbstractIron homeostasis disturbance has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and excess iron exacerbates oxidative damage and cognitive defects. Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death dependent upon intracellular iron. However, the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AD remains elusive. Here, we report that ferroportin1 (Fpn), the only identified mammalian nonheme iron exporter, was downregulated in the brains of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice as an Alzheimer’s mouse model and Alzheimer’s patients. Genetic deletion of Fpn in principal neurons of the neocortex and hippocampus by breeding Fpnfl/fl mice with NEX-Cre mice led to AD-like hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits. Interestingly, the canonical morphological and molecular characteristics of ferroptosis were observed in both Fpnfl/fl/NEXcre and AD mice. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of ferroptosis-related RNA-seq data showed that the differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in gene sets associated with AD. Furthermore, administration of specific inhibitors of ferroptosis effectively reduced the neuronal death and memory impairments induced by Aβ aggregation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, restoring Fpn ameliorated ferroptosis and memory impairment in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Our study demonstrates the critical role of Fpn and ferroptosis in the progression of AD, thus provides promising therapeutic approaches for this disease.

scholarly journals Conifers Phytochemicals: A Valuable Forest with Therapeutic Potential

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3005
Author(s):  
Kanchan Bhardwaj ◽  
Ana Sanches Silva ◽  
Maria Atanassova ◽  
Rohit Sharma ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Conifers have long been recognized for their therapeutic potential in different disorders. Alkaloids, terpenes and polyphenols are the most abundant naturally occurring phytochemicals in these plants. Here, we provide an overview of the phytochemistry and related commercial products obtained from conifers. The pharmacological actions of different phytochemicals present in conifers against bacterial and fungal infections, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are also reviewed. Data obtained from experimental and clinical studies performed to date clearly underline that such compounds exert promising antioxidant effects, being able to inhibit cell damage, cancer growth, inflammation and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, an attempt has been made with the intent to highlight the importance of conifer-derived extracts for pharmacological purposes, with the support of relevant in vitro and in vivo experimental data. In short, this review comprehends the information published to date related to conifers’ phytochemicals and illustrates their potential role as drugs.

scholarly journals Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Metformin in Cervical Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2545
Author(s):  
Ya-Hui Chen ◽  
Po-Hui Wang ◽  
Pei-Ni Chen ◽  
Shun-Fa Yang ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Cervical cancer is one of the major gynecologic malignancies worldwide. Treatment options include chemotherapy, surgical resection, radiotherapy, or a combination of these treatments; however, relapse and recurrence may occur, and the outcome may not be favorable. Metformin is an established, safe, well-tolerated drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes; it can be safely combined with other antidiabetic agents. Diabetes, possibly associated with an increased site-specific cancer risk, may relate to the progression or initiation of specific types of cancer. The potential effects of metformin in terms of cancer prevention and therapy have been widely studied, and a number of studies have indicated its potential role in cancer treatment. The most frequently proposed mechanism underlying the diabetes–cancer association is insulin resistance, which leads to secondary hyperinsulinemia; furthermore, insulin may exert mitogenic effects through the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, and hyperglycemia may worsen carcinogenesis through the induction of oxidative stress. Evidence has suggested clinical benefits of metformin in the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Combining current anticancer drugs with metformin may increase their efficacy and diminish adverse drug reactions. Accumulating evidence is indicating that metformin exerts anticancer effects alone or in combination with other agents in cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. Metformin might thus serve as an adjunct therapeutic agent for cervical cancer. Here, we reviewed the potential anticancer effects of metformin against cervical cancer and discussed possible underlying mechanisms.

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