Ionic relations of Phillyrea latifolia L. plants during NaCl stress and relief from stress

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Tattini ◽  
Riccardo Gucci
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Selectivity Ratio ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Phillyrea Latifolia ◽  
Chloride Excretion ◽  
Mechanisms Of Salt Tolerance ◽  
Culture Growth

Two experiments were conducted on Phillyrea latifolia L. plants exposed to increasing NaCl concentrations at the root zone in hydroponic culture. Growth, ion fluxes within the plant, and rates of excretion by glandular trichomes were measured during both salinity stress and relief periods. The reduction in relative growth rate (RGR) of plants treated with 100 and 200 mM external NaCl was more marked when RGR was calculated on a fresh weight (FW) basis than on a dry weight (DW) basis. The RGR of previously salt-treated plants, expressed on a FW basis, did not differ from that of the controls over 5 weeks of relief from stress, whereas RGR calculated on a DW basis did not fully recover. Fluxes of Na+ and K+ appeared highly regulated. Sodium transport to the leaf of 100 mM salt-treated plants equalled that of the controls, whereas Na+ transport to the leaf was higher in 200 mM salt-treated plants. Selectivity ratio for K+ and Na+ transport to the leaf was increased by salt treatments. The exclusion ability for Cl- was markedly lower than that for Na+ at 300 and 400 mM external NaCl. The excretion of Na+ and Cl- by glandular trichomes was very low at all external NaCl concentrations and substantially higher in basal leaves than in apical leaves. These results indicate that in P. latifolia, mechanisms of salt tolerance operate by excluding sodium and maintaining high selectivity for uptake and transport of K+, whereas the excretion of toxic ions is of minor significance.Key words: chloride, excretion, growth, Phillyrea latifolia, potassium, sodium.

scholarly journals Tomato N Metabolism with Root Zone Temperature that Is Constant, In Phase, or Out of Phase with Shoot Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 688b-688
Author(s):  
Yong-Zhan Ma ◽  
Martin P.N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Zone Temperature

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) seedlings were grown with air temperature of 28°C light/12°C dark (12/12 hours), and either a constant, 20°C, root-zone temperature (RZT), or in-phase with air temperature, 28°C in the light and 12°C in the dark, or out-of-phase, 12°C in the light and 28°C in the dark. These treatments were applied from 17 to 25 days after germination, with 200 m \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{-}^{3}\) \end{document} in flowing nutrient solution. The relative growth rate of leaves was the greatest with constant RZT, 0.33/d, and least with out-of-phase RZT, 0.29/d. The concentration of free amino acid and protein in leaves was least for out-of-phase RZT. The \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{-}^{3}\) \end{document} concentration in leaves was the highest in the dark, intermediate in the middle of the light period, and the lowest at the end of the light period. In roots, \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{-}^{3}\) \end{document} concentration showed a similar trend. This variation was greatest when RZT was varied out of phase, and least with constant RZT. At the end of the light period, \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{-}^{3}\) \end{document} concentration in roots was 246, 180, and 162 μmol·g–1 dry weight for constant, in phase, and out of phase RZT, respectively. In the light, leaves of seedlings grown with out-of-phase RZT had 5 mmol·g–1 \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{-}^{3}\) \end{document}, compared to 16 mmol·g–1 with in-phase RZT Availability of \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{-}^{3}\) \end{document} in the light may be the factor limiting plant growth with out-of-phase RZT. This research was supported in part by grant number 93-37100-9101 from the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program/USDA.

scholarly journals Dampak Dosis Kompos Kotoran Sapi Terhadap Profil Suhu Tanah di Zona Perakaran dan Produktivitas Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rafa L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
I Made Andi Purnama Wijaya ◽  
Yohanes Setiyo ◽  
I Wayan Tika
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Treatment Dose

Suhu tanah adalah salah satu sifat fisik tanah yang secara langsung mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman pakcoy. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk menganalisis suhu di zona perakaran, (2) menganalisis hubungan antara dosis pemupukan mempergunakan kompos dengan suhu di zona perakaran dan (3) untuk menganalis suhu yang optimum untuk produktivitas dan kualitas pakcoy yang dihasilkan saat panen. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan rancangan acak lengkap, dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah P0 : dosis kompos 0 kg/m2, P1 : dosis kompos 1 kg/m2, P2 : dosis kompos 2 kg/m2, P3 : dosis kompos 3 kg/m2, dan P4 : dosis kompos 4 kg/m2. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah suhu udara, suhulingkungan, kadar air tanah dan produktivitas. Padamalam hari suhu tanah di zona perakaran lebih tinggi 0,59 oC dari pada suhu lingkungan. Suhu tanah di zona perakaran terendah dan tertinggi adalah 18,02 oC dan 21,94 oC. Suhu tanah malam hari dan siang hari untuk dosis 0-5kg/m2 masih toleran pada tanaman pacoy. Berat kering tanaman pakcoy tertinggi pada perlakuan dosis kompos 4kg/m2 denganberat 92,21 gram/tanaman dan terendah pada perlakuan kontrol dengan berat 71,82 gram/tanaman.   The temperature of the soil is one of the physical properties of the soil, this soil physical properties direc2tly affect plant growth pakcoy.  The purpose of this research are (1) to analyze the temperature at root zone, temperature inside and out of the mini greenhouse, (2) analyze the relationship between temperature at root zone  with doses of compost fertilizer application and 3) to analyze the optimum dose of compost based on productivity and quality of the pakcoy is generated when the harvest. The design of the research used randomized complete design, with five treatments and three replicates. The treatment is P0: a dose of compost 0 kg/m, P1: a dose of compost 1 kg/m2, P2: a dose of compost 2 kg/m2, P3: the dose of compost 3 kg/m2, and P4: a dose of compost 4 kg/m2. The parameters observed in this research is the air temperature, the temperature of the environment, ground water levels and productivity.  At night the temperature of the soil rooting zone higher at 0.59 ºC than at the temperature of the environment. Soil temperature at root zone the lowest  and the highest  are 18.02 oC and 21.94 oC.  The temperature of the soil the night and during the day for dose 0-5 kg/m2 was still tolerant plants pakcoy. Dry weight of the plant the highest pakcoy on the treatment dose of compost 4 kg/m2  with a weight of 92.21 grams/lowest at the treatment plant and the control by the weight of 71.82 grams/plant.

scholarly journals The effect of seaweed extract on tomato plant growth, productivity and soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashmath Inayath Hussain ◽  
Naga Kasinadhuni ◽  
Tony Arioli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Soil Biology

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of seaweed extract (SWE) made from the brown algae Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum on plants and soil. The application of SWE to soil growing tomato plants showed dual effects. SWE comprehensively improved tomato plant growth (flower clusters, flower number, fruit number, root length, root and shoot dry weight, SPAD) and increased plant productivity (yield and quality). Similarly, SWE application effected soil biology at the soil root zone by increasing total bacterial count and available soil nitrogen and impacting bacterial community diversity with an increase in certain bacterial families linked to soil health. A broader understanding of the effects of SWE on the plant-soil ecosystem may offer breakthrough approaches for sustainable food production.

EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF INBRED LINES OF CORN AT SUBOPTIMAL ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MENKIR ◽  
E. N. LARTER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Zone Temperature

Based on the results of an earlier paper, 12 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for emergence and seedling growth at three controlled root-zone temperatures (10, 14, and 18 °C). Low root-zone temperatures, 10 and 14 °C, were detrimental to emergence, seedling growth, and root growth of all inbred lines. Differential responses of inbred lines were observed within each temperature regime. The differences in seedling emergence among lines became smaller with increasing root-zone temperature, while the reverse was true for seedling dry weight. Simple correlation coefficients showed a significantly (P = 0.05) negative association between emergence percentage and emergence index (rate). Neither of these two emergence traits was significantly correlated with seedling dry weights. Seedling dry weights were significantly (P = 0.01) and positively associated with root dry weights. Two inbred lines exhibited good tolerance to low root-zone temperatures, viz. CO255 and RB214. A significant and positive correlation existed between emergence percentage at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C and field emergence in test with the same genotypes reported earlier. Selection at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C for a high percentage of seedling emergence, therefore, could be effective in identifying genotypes capable of germinating in cool soils. Furthermore, the significantly (P = 0.01) positive relationship between seedling dry weights at all root-zone temperatures and those from the field test suggest that strains with vigorous seedling growth in the field could be identified using low root-zone temperature regimes.Key words: Zea mays, root-zone temperature, cold tolerance

Growth, Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Stylosanthes: Effect of Different Root Temperatures at two Shoot Temperatures

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Date ◽  
D. Ratcliff
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Controlled Environments

SUMMARYNodulated plants of Stylosanthes hamata, S. guianensis, S. humilis, S. scabra and S. fruticosa were grown in controlled environments with varied root and shoot temperatures. Measurement of dry matter and nitrogen content suggested that shoot temperature may be more important than root temperature in controlling growth and nitrogen fixation. There were strong interactions with variety. A fall in relative growth rate with increase in shoot temperature was least for S. guianensis and greatest for S. hamata and S. scabra. The optimum root temperature for growth and nitrogen fixation was approximately 30°C. Ninety percent maximum yield was achieved between root temperatures of 15–36°C for growth and 23–34°C for nitrogen fixation but varied with variety. Nitrogen fixation was more sensitive than dry weight to root temperature. The pattern of response of percentage nitrogen and nitrogen fixation efficiency reflected those for dry weight and nitrogen yields. Shoot to root ratios decreased toward the optimum root temperature then increased at the highest temperature. The reaction of varieties to root and shoot temperatures may be an important factor in determining their suitability for new regions.

Culture of Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) in Sand Root Media Amended with Three Fertilizers

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Root Media ◽  
Tuber Production

Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata(L.f.) Royle # HYLLI] was grown for 4 to 16 weeks in pans filled with either an organic muck-sand soil, sand, or sand mixed with Osmocote, Esmigran, and dolomite under outdoor conditions in plastic-lined pools with flowing pond water. Dry weight for plants cultured in sand plus the fertilizers was dependent on the concentration of fertilizer and was from 6 to 14 times that of plants cultured in sand alone. Dry weight was also higher for three treatments of sand amended with fertilizer than for plants cultured in the organic muck-sand soil. Water temperature for different growth periods influenced dry weight of hydrilla cultured with all three root media. Tuber production was independent of three levels of fertilizer for 16 weeks of plant growth, but plant weight was dependent on the concentration of nutrients in the root zone. Of nine plant tissue nutrients measured, only phosphorus in both the shoots and roots was dependent on the level of fertilizer in the root zone. This suggests that growth of hydrilla is controlled by nutrients in the root zone. The use of sand amended with various levels of fertilizers may be a way to simulate fertility levels of sediments as a method to study aquatic sites for their potential to support growth of hydrilla.

scholarly journals The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245505
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Chen ◽  
Ruidong Zhang ◽  
Yifan Xing ◽  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Bang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Positive Effects

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of partial defoliation on the growth, ion relations and photosynthesis of Lycium chinense Mill. under salt stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1185-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Guo ◽  
Qiong Yu ◽  
Xiaohui Feng ◽  
Zhixia Xie ◽  
Xiaojing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Lycium Chinense ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Ion Relations

In this study, we investigated the effects of artificial defoliation on the growth and physiological response of Lycium chinense Mill. to salt stress. Our results show that partial defoliation increases the plant relative growth rate, leaf water content and dry weight-based leaf Na+ content, and reduces the fresh weight-based leaf Na+ content under salt stress. In response to defoliation, the leaf Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/Mg2+ ratios were decreased, but the K+ content remained unchanged. The contents of ROS and MDA were decreased in defoliated plants. Net The photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), electron transport rate (ETR), actual photochemical quenching (?PSII) and photochemical quenching (qp) were enhanced by defoliation. Together, these findings indicate that partial defoliation mitigates the salt-induced growth inhibition and physiological damage in L. chinense.

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Amendment on the Relative Growth Rate and Net Assimilation Rate of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna aconitifolia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
E. A. Effa ◽  
A. A. J. Mofunanya ◽  
B. A. Ngele
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Vigna Aconitifolia ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Background: Soil pH is one of the most important factors that contribute to crop growth and productivity. The present research was designed to assess the influence of soil amendment using organic manure and agricultural lime on the relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna aconitifolia grown on soils from different locations. Methodology: The three locations were: Akamkpa, Calabar Municipality and Odukpani. The pH for the three soil locations were 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0, respectively. The treatments were; control (0 g), OM1 (100 g organic manure), OM2 (200 g organic manure), AL1 (100 g agricultural lime), AL2 (200 g agricultural lime), OM1 + AL1 (50 g organic manure + 50 g agricultural lime) and OM2 +AL2 (100 g organic manure and 100 g agricultural lime). Results: Results obtained on the RGR of the leaf dry weight of P. vulgaris treated with OM2 was the highest (0.50 g/wk) followed by OM1 (0.41 g/wk). OM1 + AL1 had the highest RGR of the stem dry weight of P. vulgaris grown on soil from Calabar Municipality. In the RGR of the root dry weight, OM2 had the highest mean value in both plants grown on Akamkpa soil. Results obtained at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) revealed that there was significant (P<0.05) increase in NAR of plants grown on soil from Akamkpa. The highest NAR was obtained for V. aconitifolia treated with OM2 (0.0447 g/wk) followed by OM2 + AL2 (0.0057 g/wk) for both V. aconitifolia and P. vulgaris. P. vulgaris grown on Akamkpa and Odukpani soils treated with AL2 (0.0032 g/wk), OM1 + AL1 (0.0041 g/wk) and OM2+ AL2 (0.0062 g/wk) had the highest NAR at 8 WAP. Conclusion: The RGR and NAR of the two bean varieties were improved following treatments with organic manure and agricultural lime.

The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on early plant growth in ryegrass (Lolium spp.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Eagling ◽  
RJ Sward ◽  
GM Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Measurements were made on the effect of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection on the early growth of four commercial cultivars of ryegrass (Lolium spp.) under two different temperatures (24�C and 16�C). At 24'C, BYDV infection was associated with reduced root dry weight (30-40%) in all cultivars; the effect of infection on shoot dry weight and leaf area was variable. At 16�C, the effect of BYDV infection was variable, being associated with increases in root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and leaf area in one cultivar (Grasslands Ariki) and decreases in another (Victorian). In two other cultivars, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and leaf area were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by infection with BYDV.At 24�C, the reductions in root dry weight associated with BYDV infection were not concomitant with reductions in the root relative growth rates. Up to at least 28 days after inoculation (46-50 days after germination) reductions in root dry weight were associated with both aphid-feeding damage and virus infection. Experiments with the cultivar Victorian, showed that shoot dry weight was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by feeding with viruliferous (BYDV) or non-viruliferous aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.). At 16�C, changes in root and shoot dry weight were associated with changes in the root and shoot relative growth rates.

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