Freshwater Fish Oils: Yields and Composition of Oils from Reduction of Sheepshead, Tullibee, Maria, and Alewife

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
C. A. Eaton ◽  
E. G. Bligh ◽  
A. W. Lantz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Marine Oils ◽  
Aplodinotus Grunniens ◽  
Reduction Plant ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Oils were produced from four species of freshwater fish (sheepshead, Aplodinotus grunniens; tullibee, Coregonus artedii; maria, Lota lota; alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus) in a commercial reduction plant. The oil iodine values were, respectively, 123, 143, 158, and 165. Fatty acids were determined by gas–liquid chromatography. All four oils showed higher levels of C16 and C18 fatty acids than corresponding marine oils, but only sheepshead and tullibee had distinctly low levels of C22 acids. The four freshwater oils differed from most marine oils in having higher proportions of linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids. In most respects fatty acid compositions of freshwater fish oils were not dissimilar from marine oils.

Composition and Nutritive Value of Meals From Alewife, Sheepshead, Maria, and Tullibee

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. March ◽  
J. Biely ◽  
E. G. Bligh ◽  
A. W. Lantz
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Aplodinotus Grunniens ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Coregonus Artedii

The composition and nutritive value of meals manufactured from four species of freshwater fish, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), sheepshead (Aplodinotus grunniens), maria (Lota lota), and tullibee (Coregonus artedii), were determined and compared with meals of marine origin (herring and white fish). The meals from freshwater fish contained 62–68% protein, 7–13% fat, and 14–20% ash. Sodium, potassium, and magnesium levels were lower than in the marine fish meals but iron and copper were higher. Riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, and cobalamin were present in lesser amounts in freshwater fish meals than in herring meal but at similar or higher levels than in white fish meal. There were no consistent differences between the amino acid compositions of the freshwater fish and the marine fish meals. Biological tests with chicks indicated that the freshwater fish meals were similar in supplementary protein value to marine fish meals. The pepsin digestibility values for proteins were 95.5–97.7% which compare favourably with the values for marine fish meals. Metabolizable energy values ranged from 2630 to 3680 Kcal/kg dry weight.

PSVI-21 Fatty acid composition of blood lipids in lambs of different genotypes in ontogeny

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Karpova ◽  
Ludmila Chizhova ◽  
Eugenia Surzhikova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Abstract The early period of postnatal ontogeny of sheep is characterized by a variety of metabolic processes that result in the formation and consolidation of a certain type of metabolism. A special role is played by lipids, which together with proteins and carbohydrates constitute the bulk of organic compounds, cells and the organism as a whole. The purpose of this research was to study the polymorphism of CAST and GH genes as well as its association with the fatty acid composition of blood plasma lipids in lambs. The content of fatty acids was determined by gas-liquid chromatography in the form of methyl esters. From the data obtained, it follows that in all studied ontogeny periods the peripheral blood of sheep with CASTNN and CASTMM genotypes had a higher concentration of fatty acids such as palmitic, stearic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids. The content is as follows: 27.58, 45.40, 3.16, 0.28% vs. 26.21, 45.31, 3.62, 0.18% at the age of 2 months; 25.07, 43.25, 6.05, 1.74% vs. 23.24, 38.76, 6.49, 1.32% at the age of 4 months; 20.64, 22.26, 14.17, 3.38% vs. 17.64, 19.91, 15.07, 2.46% at the age of 8 months (P ˂ 0.05), (P ˂ 0.01). Studies of blood lipid composition of GHBBand GHAA genotype carriers showed that palmitic, stearic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids were dominant: 27.95, 27.96, 19.04% vs. 26.08, 23.88, 17.56% at the age of 2 months, 46.87, 39.87, 22.37% vs. 3.24, 6.87, 15.56% at the age of 4 months; 0.45, 1.68, 3.81% vs. 0.29, 1.29, 3.19% at the age of 8 months (P ˂ 0.05), (P ˂ 0.01). Thus, this study emphasizes that there is a close relationship between the ratio of fatty acids in total blood lipids in lambs and the intensity of growth and development, ensuring and controlling the direction of biochemical processes in the growth and development of young sheep.

Canadian Marine Oils of Low Iodine Value: Fatty Acid Composition of Oils from Newfoundland Turbot (Greenland Halibut), Certain Atlantic Herring, and a Sablefish

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2563-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
C. A. Eaton ◽  
P. J. Ke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Marine Oils ◽  
Greenland Halibut ◽  
Iodine Values

Marine oils with iodine values in the range 83–108 from Newfoundland turbot or Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), and certain Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), were examined for fatty acid composition by gas–liquid chromatography. The herring oils differed from the other oils in having high levels of C20and especially C22fatty acids (chiefly monounsaturated). The sablefish oil had a high level of C18fatty acids, the turbot oil a composition intermediate between the herring and sablefish oils. All of these oils contained moderate amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (7.3–14.4%). The low iodine values were primarily due to monounsaturated fatty acids and not to saturated fatty acids (17.1–21.0%)

Biosynthesis of diacylglycerols by rat intestinal mucosa in vivo

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Breckenridge ◽  
S. K. F. Yeung ◽  
A. Kuksis ◽  
J. J. Myher ◽  
M. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Butter Oil ◽  
Arachidonic Acids ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The biosynthesis of diacylglycerols was studied in rat intestinal mucosa during in vivo absorption of a low molecular weight fraction of butter oil and of the corresponding medium and long chain fatty acids. The experimental fat solutions were given by stomach tube to the animals after a 24-h fast and mucosal scrapings were collected 3 h later. The lipids were isolated and the acylglycerols determined by combined thin-layer chromatography gas–liquid chromatography techniques and stereospecific analyses. Free fatty acid feeding led mainly to, sn-1,2-diacylglycerols, which contained exogenous and endogenous fatty acids. During triacylglycerol feeding, both.sn-1,2- and sn-2,3-diacylglycerols were recovered in significant amounts from the intestinal mucosa. The composition of the sn-2,3-diacylglycerols corresponded to that with exogenous fatty acids but the sn-1,2-diacylglycerols clearly contained both exogenous and endogenous fatty acids. In all cases it was possible to isolate endogenous sn-1,2-diacylglycerols made up largely of species with linoleic and arachidonic acids in the 2 position and palmitic and stearic acids in the 1 position, which apparently were not converted to triacylglycerols. The in vivo reacylation of 2-monoacylglycerols via both sn-1,2- and sn-2,3-diacylglycerols is in agreement with similar findings in vitro with everted sacs of rat intestinal mucosa.

VARIATION IN FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AMONG LIVER, PERIRENAL FAT, AND RIB TISSUES OF STEER CARCASSES

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Arachidonic Acids ◽  
Perirenal Fat

Tissue samples (liver, perirenal fat, and non-bone tissue from 9th to 11th rib cut) were obtained from carcasses of Hereford steers that had been fattened in two different groups during two consecutive years, and were analyzed for fatty acids by gas–liquid chromatography. Myristic acid was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in liver than perirenal or rib tissues (non-bone tissue from 9th to 11th rib cut). Palmitic acid levels were significantly (P < 0.01) different among the tissues in one group, but not in the other. Palmitoleic acid was found in all areas with the highest level, within groups, occurring in rib tissue (av. 4.8%). Perirenal fat contained significantly (P < 0.01) more stearic acid than either rib or liver tissues and oleic acid was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in rib than in the other tissues. The liver tissue contained approximately 9.1% linoleic acid, which was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in perirenal or rib tissues (less than 2%). Linolenic and arachidonic acids were detected in liver, but not in the other tissues.

Determination of Erythrocyte Fatty Acids by Capillary Gas Liquid Chromatography

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Taylor ◽  
Harry I Pandov ◽  
Nigel Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

A capillary gas liquid chromatography method was established for the routine determination of fatty acid profiles from washed erythrocyte membranes. Only the five major fatty acids found in erythrocytes (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids) had acceptable precision (CVs <10·0%) for use in establishing quantitative differences between groups of individuals. Reference values were established for the relative amounts of these five fatty acids in adults. Significant alterations in the relative concentrations of oleic and arachidonic acids were found after storage at +4°C for 24 h, which has important implications in the study of changes in erythrocyte fatty acids in cancer and diabetes.

Influence of muscle location on fatty acid composition of total intramuscular lipids in the pig

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Christine Catchpole ◽  
R. A. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Intramuscular Lipids ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

SUMMARYThe relative concentration of the fatty acid components of the total intramuscular lipids from six muscle locations of pigs at 1·5 to 54 months of age were assessed by gas liquid chromatography. Although the pattern was generally similar at each location, differences between locations in the concentrations of oleic and arachidonic acids in particular were noted.Differences between animals in the relative concentration of fatty acids (other than linoleic) could not be accounted for by the pattern of dietary intake.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ON MICROVISCOSITY OF THE MEMBRANE OF ERYTHROCYTES OF THE NAVEL OF THE BLOOD AT HERPES INFECTION CONTAMINATIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
N. A. Isutina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Herpes Infection ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The method of gas-liquid chromatography investigates composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids of membrane of erythrocytes, discharged of navel bloods neonatal from mothers who have transferred in the season gestation exacerbation herpes of an infection contamination and his influence on microviscosity of membrane. Essential infringements of data exchange of bonds in navel bloods neonatal with an exacerbation  herpes  infection  contaminations  (antiserum  capacity  IgG  to  virus  of  simple  herpes  of  1  type 1 : 12 800) which show deficiency essential ω-3 acids at simultaneous augmentation of the precursor proinflammatory eicosanoid ω-6 arachidonic acids, promoting augmentation of relative microviscosity of membrane of erythrocytes that will be one of probable causes of development of hypoxia are found.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. Levitsky ◽  
A. Lapinska ◽  
I. Selivanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

Obtaining and Characterization of Alhagi persarum Boiss. et Buhse Callus Cell Cultures, Isoflavonoid Producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
D.V. Коchkin ◽  
G.I. Sobolkovа ◽  
А.А. Fоmеnkov ◽  
R.А. Sidorov ◽  
А.М. Nоsоv
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Callus Cell

The physiological characteristics of the callus cell cultures of Alhagi persarum Boiss et Buhse, a member of the legume family, widely used in folk medicine, have been studied. It was shown that the source of the explant was an important factor in the initiation of callusogenesis: more intense callusogenesis (almost 100%) was observed for explants from various organs of sterile seedlings, rather than intact plants (less than 30%). As a result, more than 20 lines of morphologically different callus cell cultures were obtained, and the growth parameters for the 5 most intensively growing lines were determined. The composition of fatty acids (FA) of total lipids and secondary metabolites in the most physiologically stable callus line Aр-207 was analyzed. Using capillary gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GLC-MS), 19 individual C12--C24 FAs were identified, the main fraction of which were palmitic (~ 23%), stearic (~ 22%), linoleic (~ 14%) and α-linolenic (~ 33%) acids. The established atypical ratio of FAs (a simultaneous high content of both saturated FAs and polyunsaturated α-linolenic acid) is possibly due to the adaptation of cells to in vitro growth conditions. Phytochemical analysis of the secondary metabolites was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (UPLC MS). Compounds belonging to different structural groups of isoflavones were found. Aglycones (calycosin, formononetin and afrormosin isomer), glucosides (formononetin glucoside), as well as esters of glucosides (malonylglycosides of calicosin, formononetin, afrormosin isomers, glycitein and genistein) were detected. These secondary metabolites are widespread in plants of the Fabaceae family; however, isoflavones are rare in representatives of the Alhagi genus. The presence of malonylated isoflavone glycosides in Alhagi spp. was shown for the first time. endemic plant species, Alhagi, in vitro cell culture, callus cell culture, isoflavones, fatty acids All studies were carried out using the equipment of the "Experimental Biotechnological Facility" and the "All-Russian Collection of Cell Cultures of Higher Plants" of IРР RAS. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract no.18-54-06021 (Az_a), and the Government of the Russian Federation, Megagrant Project no. 075-15-2019-1882.

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