Trace Element Distributions in Aquatic Insects: Variations among Genera, Elements, and Lakes

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1481-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landis Hare ◽  
André Tessier ◽  
Peter G. C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Major Organ ◽  
Freshwater Insects ◽  
Cu And Zn

The distribution patterns of trace element contaminants (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) among the tissues of freshwater insects (Chironomus, Clinotanypus, Procladius, Hexagenia, Sialis) are both taxon and element specific. In quantity terms (micrograms per animal), the gut is the major organ of Cd accumulation, while most of the As, Cu, Pb, and Zn accumulates in the body (i.e. animal minus gut and other organs). In concentration terms (micrograms per gram), Cd, Cu, and Zn are often highest in the gut, while Pb and As are not. Much of the As, and in some genera the Pb, appears to be bound externally. Respiratory and excretory structures generally contain small proportions of the total trace element burdens, except for Cu. Trace elements are not uniformly distributed along the gut but tend to accumulate either in the mesenteron (midgut) or in the proctodeum (hindgut), depending on the element and insect concerned. The distribution patterns of most of the trace elements vary little among populations of the mayfly Hexagenia from different lakes with the exception of Cd, for which the proportion of the total Cd burden localized in the gut increases markedly with increasing Cd concentrations in the whole nymph.

scholarly journals PO-055 Changes of trace elements in skeletal muscle and serum of rats after exercise-induced injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyun Liu ◽  
Qun Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cu And Zn

Objective This study is to investigate the changes of trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Se, Mg) in serum and skeletal muscle of rats after skeletal muscle injury induced by downhill running, and to find out the change regularity of trace elements in the body after exercise injury. To provide experimental basis for how to use trace elements supplements reasonably. Methods Fifty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: control group (C, N=6) and exercise group (E, N=48, include: 0 h group, 6 h group, 12 h group, 24 h group, 48 h group, 72 h group, 1- week group and 2- week group). The rats in exercise groups run down a 16°incline at 16m/min for 90 minutes. At the end of the exercise, the rats were killed at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 1 week and 2 weeks, respectively. The serum was got from the inferior vena cava blood and diluted by 1% nitric acid. The muscle was got from the right side of the rat's sural which were digested by concentrated nitric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide in 75℃water bath for 20mins. The content of trace elements in muscle and serum were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS). All the data are analyzed and processed by SPSS22.0 statistical software. Results (1) The contents of trace elements in serum showed: Cu, Zn, Mg, Se decreased immediately after exercise, but the Cu still increased to reach a peak at 24h after decreasing, and after 2 weeks the content of Cu was slightly lower than pre-exercise level. However, the content of Zn did not elevate again, it continued declined to the lowest at 24h which was significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05). And after 2 weeks, Zn did not return to the pre-exercise level. The changes of Mg, Se in serum was not statistically significant. There is no difference between 0h and control groups in content of Fe, after that Fe decreased continually and appeared the least value at 24h, the differences between immediate group and control group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Fe returned to the pre-exercise level after 2 weeks. (2) The contents of trace elements in muscle showed: Most of trace elements increased to the maximum level at 6 h, after that Mg, Fe, Cu decreased to the lowest value at 72 h which were significant lower than 0h group or 6h group (P < 0. 05). ALL the trace elements were lower than pre-exercise level. There was no statistical difference in the content of Se in muscle. Conclusions (1) The different changes of trace elements in skeletal muscle and serum after exercise injury may be due to the redistribution of trace elements caused by the body adaptability. (2) The most obviously changes of trace element in serum and muscle are Cu and Zn. Both of them did not return to the pre-exercise level after 2 weeks, it suggests that the supplement include Cu and Zn may play an important role in recovering after exercise-induced injury.

scholarly journals Preface

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. viii
Author(s):  
Michael Bickel
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Animal Metabolism

Trace elements may have different functions in human and animal metabolism: some are toxic (e.g., Hg), others are essential to maintain good health (e.g., Ca), or they can be essential but also toxic, depending on the concentration in the body or in parts thereof (e.g., Se).The importance of various aspects of trace elements in relation to food is steadily increasing in the perception of the consumer and the respective authorities: food contaminants, essential and toxic elements, bioavailability and speciation, nutritional value and fortified food, reliable measurement of contents, etc. In addition, through the many minor and major food-related incidents during recent years the consumer is becoming more concerned about the quality and safety of food. As a result, research and development efforts in this area have also been increased and/or been redirected.TEF-2 was organized in Brussels 7-8 October 2004 by the Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, with the support of the Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology of the University of Warzaw, Poland and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France. It was carried through under the auspices of IUPAC.The objectives laid down for the symposium were- presenting state-of-the-art analytical methods for the enforcement of legal limits of trace elements in food;- disseminating new ideas and findings within the scientific community;- providing a forum for the exchange of new knowledge and experience between R&D, authorities, and industry; and- bringing together experts in the field with newcomers.TEF-2 was attended by 93 participants from 60 different institutions in 23 countries. It consisted of 26 lectures and 56 posters, structured according to the following four main topics:- trace elements in the food chain (from the environment to shelf product) including the effects of processing and of legislation- trace element bioavailability-toxicological and nutritional aspects- fortified food and supplementation legislation, manufacturing and labeling, standards- advances in trace element analysis in food matricesIt was emphasized that the field of trace elements in food is a lively research area, which generates interest and involvement from researchers, authorities, and industry, of course triggered and nurtured by the equally high interest of the consumer. A selection of the invited contributions to TEF-2 is presented in the subsequent seven papers in this issue.The importance of scientific exchange in this field was, again, recognized during TEF-2. Therefore, the continuation of this series of conferences was discussed, and the venue for the subsequent TEF-3 was decided. It will be organized by R. Lobinski of CNRS in Pau, France, at the beginning of October 2008.Michael BickelConference Editor

Isotopic Signatures and Trace Elements Concentrations in Breast Feathers of Male Caspian Terns and Double Crested Cormorants

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Flood
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contaminant Exposure ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Local Exposure ◽  
Caspian Tern

Migratory fish-eating birds occupy the highest trophic positions of aquatic ecosystems and as such serve as invaluable end-point indicators of the presence and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic contaminants. The birds’ main route of contaminant exposure is through food consumption. Migration can complicate this pathway by introducing numerous feeding habitats and thus, potential sources of contamination. Birds possess a number of depuration mechanisms that permit them to reduce their contaminant burden, namely the elimination of metals and mercury (Hg) through their feathers, feces and eggs. Trace element concentrations found in the feathers reflect the contaminants circulating in the body at the time of feather growth, representing local exposure and potential mobilization from internal tissues. Molt schedules and patterns are important considerations when selecting feathers to link feeding ecology with contaminants, as migratory birds’ feathers grow on and represent different sites. Stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen isotopes (δD) can reveal feeding ecology and habitat use during their annual cycle. Consequently, anthropogenic and natural sources of metal accumulation can be linked to those ecological variables. This study will examine the assimilation of trace element in male Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) and Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) breast feathers grown on wintering sites and stable isotope signatures will be used to determine origin of contaminants. The aims for this study are to determine (i) whether isotopic signatures of feathers grown on wintering sites can explain variations in feather trace element concentrations, (ii) whether isotopes can determine the source of contamination, and (iii) whether differences in trace elements between individuals are determined by location of wintering ground or species.

Minor- and trace-element composition of trioctahedral micas: a review

2001 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tischendorf ◽  
H.-J. Förster ◽  
B. Gottesmann
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Element Partitioning ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Variscan Granites ◽  
Host Rocks

AbstractMore than 19,000 analytical data mainly from the literature were used to study statistically the distribution patterns of F and the oxides of minor and trace elements (Ti, Sn, Sc, V, Cr, Ga, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Sr, Ba, Rb, Cs) in trioctahedral micas of the system phlogopite-annite/siderophyllite-polylithionite (PASP), which is divided here into seven varieties, whose compositional ranges are defined by the parametermgli(= octahedral Mg minus Li). Plots of trace-element contentsvs.mglireveal that the elements form distinct groups according to the configuration of their distribution patterns. Substitution of most of these elements was established as a function ofmgli. Micas incorporate the elements in different abundances of up to four orders of magnitude between the concentration highs and lows in micas of ‘normal’ composition. Only Zn, Sr and Sc are poorly correlated tomgli. In compositional extremes, some elements (Zn, Mn, Ba, Sr, Cs, Rb) may be enriched by up to 2–3 orders of magnitude relative to their mean abundance in the respective mica variety. Mica/melt partition coefficients calculated for Variscan granites of the German Erzgebirge demonstrate that trace-element partitioning is strongly dependent on the position of the mica in the PASP system, which has to be considered in petrogenetic modelling.This review indicates that for a number of trace elements, the concentration ranges are poorly known for some of the mica varieties, as they are for particular host rocks (i.e. igneous rocks of A-type affiliation). The study should help to develop optimal analytical strategies and to provide a tool to distinguish between micas of ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ trace-element composition.

Effects of lead and/or cadmium on the distribution patterns of some essential trace elements in immature female rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1914-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Xuelei Zhou ◽  
Dubao Yang ◽  
Zhenyong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Essential Trace Elements

Lead acetate (300 mg/L) and/or cadmium chloride (50 mg/L) were administered as drinking water to Sprague-Dawley rats for 9 weeks to investigate the effects of concurrent exposure to lead and cadmium on the distribution patterns of five essential trace elements. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese, selenium and iron in the urine at different exposure times, as well as their levels in the renal cortex and serum at the end of treatment. Compared with the control group, exposure to lead and/or cadmium resulted in a significant increase in the urinary excretion of these five elements during the experiment, whereas significant decreased levels of these elements were found in kidney and serum. In conclusion, increased urinary loss of antioxidant trace elements due to lead and/or cadmium exposure induced the deficiency of antioxidants in the body, which could result in further oxidative damage. Moreover, there was an obvious synergistic effect of lead combined with cadmium on the distribution patterns of these essential trace elements, which may be related to the severity of co-exposure to these two metals.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND TRACE ELEMENT METABOLISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
A.A. Skalny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element Metabolism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Currently, there is no doubt about the prevailing influence of the level of physical activity of an individual on the functional state of the body. However, the available literature data on the impact of physical stress on the body's supply of trace elements and their distribution in tissues are largely contradictory. This review of available literature data provides an insight into the relationship between physical activity and microelement homeostasis. The influence of human physical activity on the exchange of toxic (lead, cadmium, Nickel, etc.) and essential trace elements, such as iron, selenium, copper, cobalt, chromium, and zinc is reviewed. Based on the analyzed works, it is concluded that in order to correct the metabolic and microelement status of a person during physical activity, the most reasonable and necessary is the modulation of homeostasis of zinc and selenium.

scholarly journals TRACE METALS IN CANCER PATIENTS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH RENAL FUNCTION

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (146) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Shankhar Majhi ◽  
B D Toora ◽  
S K Sen ◽  
K Anantha ◽  
N Anantha
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Super Oxide Dismutase ◽  
Carcinoma Stomach ◽  
Cu And Zn

ABSTRACTTwo trace elements, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in serum are elevated in cancer patients since both areconstituents of super oxide dismutase (SOD) as metalloenzyme, the enzyme that scavenge free radicals andactivated oxygen species in the body. The study of 52 cancer patients comprising of 31 carcinoma stomachand 21 breast cancer showed the elevation of both of these trace elements in serum when compared to 32healthy controls and effected the kidney functions as a consequences. Serum Cu and Zn were estimated byAtomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), analyzed statistically by student "t" test and marked elevationwas observed in cancer patient compared to healthy controls. Serum Cu and Zn values were 98.13 ± 17.49μg/dl 99..57 ± 13.91 μg /dl respectively in 38 healthy subjects and these trace metals were 156.23 ± 31.02 μg/dl and 171.86 ± 35.15 μg/dl in 52 cancer patients showing significant elevation (P <0.001). These elevatedelements were routed through kidneys and damaged nephrons since both of them are cationic heavy metals.Nephrotoxicity of these trace metals was reflected as elevated level of blood urea and creatinine and werefound to be 27.44 ± 7.72 mg /dl and 0.83 ± 0.30 mg/dl in control groups and 64.49 ± 49 mg /dl and 1.60 ± 0.72mg/dl in cancer patients respectively, a significant elevation (P<0.001) in study group. The elevation ofthese parameters may indicate renal origin.Key Words: Serum copper, serum zinc, super oxide dismutase, carcinoma stomach, carcinoma breastand nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals Determination of cadmium,lead,copper and zinc in Yemeni khat by anodic stripping voltammetry

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
M. H. Matloob
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anodic Stripping ◽  
Cu And Zn

Trace element concentrations in khat were investigated as they can disturb trace element levels in the body. Cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], copper [Cu] and zinc [Zn] levels in khat and 6 leafy vegetables commonly consumed in the Republic of Yemen were determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry after wet digestion of the organic matter. Khat had significantly higher concentrations of Cu and Zn than did the leafy vegetables, but similar amounts of Cd and Pb. The average daily intake of khat consumers of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from khat only was estimated to be 2.0-10.2 micro g/day, 23.6-118.0 micro g/day, 530-2654 microg/day and 662-3311 micro g/day respectively. Although high, these values were within Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization tolerance limits

scholarly journals Using amphipods as bioindicators of metal pollution in the marine environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Monique Francis Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Element Concentrations

<p>Heavy metals in the marine environment are a worldwide issue due to their toxicity, non-biodegradability and their ability to accumulate and magnify in organisms. Increased human activity has caused higher inputs of heavy metals, resulting in escalated pressures on delicate coastal ecosystems. A means of assessing the natural environment and how it is changing in response to pollution and other environmental degradation is through the use of biological indicator or biomonitor species. These organisms provide information on the bioavailability of metals present in the environment. In recent years amphipods, a diverse order of small crustaceans, have been increasingly used as bioindicators of disturbed aquatic communities. They are widespread and important components of many food webs, and likely to be frequently exposed to metal contamination through both sediment and seawater. The aim of this research was two-fold: 1) to use amphipods to examine variation across sites and species in concentration of 20+ trace elements and 2) to examine whether the uptake of two metals, copper (Cu) and neodymium (Nd), is mediated by the presence of the other metal or an elevated seawater temperature.  To investigate variation of trace element concentrations across sites, the amphipod Eusiroides monoculoides was collected from three sites in the Wellington region, approximately 5 km apart: Oriental Bay, Evans Bay and Point Halswell. To investigate differences amongst species comparisons were made between Eusiroides monoculoides, Apohyale papanuiensis and Sunamphitoe mixtura when they occurred at the same site. Analysing the trace element concentrations of 36 metals was done using an Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (ICPMS). Overall, although these sites were not greatly distant from each other, there were differences among sites. Evans Bay in general had the highest concentration of trace elements. Further, there were also species-specific differences and S. mixtura was the species with the highest concentration of trace elements. There was also a size effect, where the average dry weight of S. mixtura was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body.  To assess the effects of heavy metals Cu and Nd in both an ambient (14 °C) and elevated (20 °C) temperature, an experiment was run at Victoria University’s Coastal Ecology Lab (VUCEL). Sand hoppers, Bellorchestia quoyana, were collected from a single site in Wellington (Scorching Bay) and assigned to eight treatments: ambient and warm controls in raw seawater and ambient and warm seawater doped with Cu, Nd and Cu and Nd together. Amphipods from treatments with Cu and Nd added had significantly higher concentrations of these metals from the controls, however temperature had no effect, and neither was there an interaction between the metals. Similar to S. mixtura from the field study, dry weight of B. quoyana was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body.  Results from this work demonstrate that when using amphipods as bioindicator species it is important to consider species and size specific effects. This thesis also provides baseline data for 20+ elements from three Wellington sites and demonstrates that there can be unexpected variation across relatively small spatial scales. The laboratory experiment did not yield results that coincided with the consensus of the literature. The experiment showed that at least in this case, temperature did not mediate the uptake of metals and there was a negative relationship between size and metal uptake.</p>

scholarly journals Trace Element Assessment in Fingernails of Adult Females

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. a8-15
Author(s):  
LAURA DINES NGAU ◽  
BOON SIONG WEE ◽  
NAZARATUL ASHIFA ABD SALIM
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Adult Females

Trace elements play a significant role in giving nutritional benefits to the body because they act as essential cofactors for all physiological processes. However, there are some trace elements which may bring more harm than good when entering the human body. Due to its ability to incorporate trace elements in an amount that is proportional to an individual’s dietary intake and environmental exposure, human fingernails are suitable biomarkers in assessing the health status of an individual as they reflect on the trace element concentration present in the body. This study has analysed fingernail samples of 23 adult females residing in Kuching and Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia for four elements, namely Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. By using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), the mean elemental concentrations found in fingernail samples of research participants were 171.8 ± 33.8 μg/g for Zn, 27.8 ± 14.8 μg/g for Cu and 2.64 ± 0.94 μg/g for Pb. Cd concentrations were not able to be detected as they were below the detection limits. A standard reference material, NIST 1568b Rice Flour was used to verify the methods used in elemental analysis using FAAS. Independent t-test which was used to compare the means of Zn and Cu between vegetarians and non-vegetarians showed no significant differences for both elements. Moreover, correlation analysis showed negative correlations between Cu/Zn pair and Pb/Zn pair, whereas significant positive correlation was obtained for Cu/Pb pair. The overall data from this study showed good agreements with data obtained from studies in other countries. Therefore, the current data in this study represents the latest background elemental concentrations in fingernails of the residents in Kuching and Kota Samarahan, Sarawak.Keywords: Adult females, fingernails, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), trace elements

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