Biochemical Indicators of Oxidative Stress in Fish from Polluted Littoral Areas

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2568-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rodríguez-Ariza ◽  
J. Peinado ◽  
C. Pueyo ◽  
J. López-Barea
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Cadiz Bay ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Several biochemical parameters have been analyzed in the livers offish from south Atlantic Spanish littoral areas exhibiting different pollution levels. Mugil sp. (grey mullet) from the Huelva Estuary contained higher concentrations of metals, such as Fe and Cu, than those from a reference area (Cádiz Bay). Similarly, sediments from Huelva showed high concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides. The contaminated animals were subjected to oxidative stress, as indicated by their oxidized glutathione redox status, but showed low malondialdehyde and lipohydroperoxide levels. A battery of antioxidant enzymes increased simultaneously in contaminated fishes, including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glucose-6-P dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase. These data suggest that contaminated fish were well protected from oxidative stress. Highly significant increases were also observed in cytochrome P-450-associated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, and soluble and membrane-bound glutathione-S-transferase, in response to the high levels of organic xenobiotics. We propose that antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-S-transferase might be useful tools for the biomonitoring of environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Oxygen Is Instrumental for Biological Signaling: An Overview

Oxygen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
John T. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Form Part ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Signaling Components

Control of cellular function is extremely complex, being reliant on a wide range of components. Several of these are small oxygen-based molecules. Although reactive compounds containing oxygen are usually harmful to cells when accumulated to relatively high concentrations, they are also instrumental in the control of the activity of a myriad of proteins, and control both the upregulation and downregulation of gene expression. The formation of one oxygen-based molecule, such as the superoxide anion, can lead to a cascade of downstream generation of others, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical (∙OH), each with their own reactivity and effect. Nitrogen-based signaling molecules also contain oxygen, and include nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite, both instrumental among the suite of cell signaling components. These molecules do not act alone, but form part of a complex interplay of reactions, including with several sulfur-based compounds, such as glutathione and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Overaccumulation of oxygen-based reactive compounds may alter the redox status of the cell and lead to programmed cell death, in processes referred to as oxidative stress, or nitrosative stress (for nitrogen-based molecules). Here, an overview of the main oxygen-based molecules involved, and the ramifications of their production, is given.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and antioxidant indices of the marine red alga Porphyra vietnamensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navnath M. Pise ◽  
Dattatry K. Gaikwad ◽  
Tanaji G. Jagtap
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

Abstract -Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence systems were assessed in a marine red alga Porphyra vietnamensis Tanaka et Pham-Hoang Ho, from India. Lipid peroxidation (LPX) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured as oxidative stress markers. Antioxidant defences were measured as catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and ascorbic acid (AsA), in order to understand their dissimilarity with respect to environmental conditions (pollution levels) from selective locations along the central west coast of India. Levels of LPX, H2O2, CAT and GST were significantly higher in samples collected from Dona Paula than in samples from Malvan and Kunkeshwar, while a lower concentration of AsA was found in samples from Dona Paula. Heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and Hg in higher concentrations in these areas than in other sites were also observed. Variation of oxidative stress indices in response to the accumulation of heavy metals within P. vietnamensis could be used as molecular biomarkers for the assessment and monitoring of environmental quality in ecologically sensitive marine habitats.

scholarly journals Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Tumor and Adjacent Noncancerous Tissues of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Zalewska-Ziob ◽  
Brygida Adamek ◽  
Janusz Kasperczyk ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
Edyta Hudziec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Sod Isoforms ◽  
High Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Mnsod Activity

Lung tissue is directly exposed to high oxygen pressure, as well as increased endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in these conditions play an important role in the initiation and promotion of neoplastic growth. In response to oxidative stress, the antioxidant activity increases and minimizes ROS-induced injury in experimental systems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD; isoforms: Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), along with the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in tumor and adjacent noncancerous tissues of two histological types of NSCLC, i.e., adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, collected from 53 individuals with surgically resectable NSCLC. MDA concentration was similar in tumors compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Tumor cells had low MnSOD activity, usually low Cu/ZnSOD activity, and almost always low catalase activity compared with those of the corresponding tumor-free lung tissues. Activities of GSH-related enzymes were significantly higher in tumor tissues, irrespective of the histological type of cancer. This pattern of antioxidant enzymes activity could possibly be the way by which tumor cells protect themselves against increased oxidative stress.

Neuroprotective effect of Decalepis hamiltonii on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in the mouse brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Zarei ◽  
T. Shivanandappa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Decalepis Hamiltonii ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCyclophosphamide (CP), one of the most widely used antineoplastic drugs, causes toxic side effects on vital organs including brain. In this study, we have investigated neuroprotective potential of the aqueous extract of the roots ofSwiss albino male mice were pre-treated with DHA (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) for 10 consecutive days followed by an injection with CP intraperitoneally (25 mg/kg b.w.) for 10 days 1 h after DHA treatment; 16 h later, they were euthanized, their brains were immediately removed, and biochemical and molecular analyses were conducted.The results indicated that injection of CP induced oxidative stress in the mouse brain as evident from the increased lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, depletion of glutathione and reduced activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Treatment with DHA significantly mitigated the CP-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, expression of genes for the antioxidant enzymes was downregulated by CP treatment which was reversed by DHA.In conclusion, DHA protected the brain from oxidative stress induced by CP, and therefore, it could be a promising nutraceutical as a supplement in cancer chemotherapy in order to ameliorate the toxic side effects of cancer drugs.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Sulfamethoxazole and Erythromycin on a Freshwater Microalga, Raphidocelis subcapitata: Toxicity and Oxidative Stress

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Yibo Zhang ◽  
Da He ◽  
Fang Chang ◽  
Chenyuan Dang ◽  
Jie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Nonenzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations

This study investigated the environmental effects of two familiar emerging contaminants, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and erythromycin (ERY), and their mixture (10:1 w/w) using a green microalga, R. subcapitata. The cell density, pigment content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were analyzed. The calculated EC50 values of SMX, ERY, and their mixture after 96 h were 0.49, 0.044, and 0.06 mg/L, respectively. High concentrations of antibiotics lead to a decrease in chlorophyll a and total carotenoid content, affecting the ability to photosynthesize ROS scavenging capacity. This may be a factor leading to the inhibition of algal growth. When R. subcapitata was exposed to SMX and the mixture, SOD and CAT increased to resist oxidative damage, while the activities of GSH and GST decreased, suggesting that this algae’s antioxidant system was unbalanced due to oxidative stress. R. subcapitata reduced the ERY-induced ROS by increasing the activities of SOD, GSH, and GST. The difference in the contents of nonenzymatic antioxidants and enzyme antioxidants in R. subcapitata indicated the antioxidant mechanisms to SMX and ERY were not identical. This study provides insights into the oxidative stress process in R. subcapitata under different antibiotics.

Antioxidant metal oxide nanozymes: role in cellular redox homeostasis and therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Artificial Enzymes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Tremendous Progress

AbstractNanomaterials with enzyme-like activity, generally referred to as ‘nanozymes’, find myriad potential in various biomedical fields. More importantly, the nanoparticles that can functionally mimic the activity of cellular antioxidant enzymes attract tremendous interest owing to their possible therapeutic candidature in oxidative stress-mediated disorders. Oxidative stress culminating due to excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and dysregulated cellular antioxidant machinery is implicated in the development and progression of various pathophysiological disorders such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the optimum essentiality of ROS due to its pivotal role in cell signaling evokes the requirement of novel artificial antioxidant enzymes that can circumvent the detrimental effects of enhanced ROS levels without perturbing the basal redox status of cells. In recent years, the fast emanating artificial enzymes, i.e. nanozymes with antioxidant enzyme-like activity, has made tremendous progress with their broad applications in therapeutics, diagnostic medicine, bio-sensing, and immunoassay. Among various antioxidant nanoparticles reported till-date, the metal oxide nanozymes have emerged as the most efficient and successful candidates in mimicking the activity of first-line defense antioxidant enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. This review intends to exclusively highlight the development of representative metal oxide-based antioxidant nanozymes capable of maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis and their potential therapeutic significance.

scholarly journals Activities of antioxidant defense enzymes in the blood of individuals with Leu144Phe mutation

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nikolic ◽  
Zorica Stevic ◽  
Dusko Blagojevic ◽  
Zorica Saicic ◽  
Mihajlo Spasic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Activities of cooper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the blood of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with Leu144Phe mutation (FALS), asimptomatic carriers with Leu144Phe mutation and controls were studied. Activity of Cu,Zn SOD was significantly lower in the FALS patients and asimptomatic carriers than in controls (p<0.001). In the FALS patients GSH-Px activity was lower (p<0.01) and activity of GR was higher (p<0.001) in comparison with controls. Canonical discriminant analyses provide statistical evidence that examined groups are different in the composition of antioxidant enzymes in blood and revealed that each component confers to observed difference. Our results suggests that oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of FALS and the activities of antioxidant enzymes are exposed to different kind of oxidative pressure in FALS patients, asymptomatic carriers and controls.

scholarly journals Blunted Reducing Power Generation in Erythrocytes Contributes to Oxidative Stress in Prepubertal Obese Children with Insulin Resistance

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Álvaro González-Domínguez ◽  
Francisco Visiedo ◽  
Jesus Domínguez-Riscart ◽  
Beatriz Ruiz-Mateos ◽  
Ana Saez-Benito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Insulin Resistant

Childhood obesity, and specifically its metabolic complications, are related to deficient antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress. Erythrocytes are constantly exposed to multiple sources of oxidative stress; hence, they are equipped with powerful antioxidant mechanisms requiring permanent reducing power generation and turnover. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) are two key enzymes on the pentose phosphate pathway. Both enzymes supply reducing power by generating NADPH, which is essential for maintaining the redox balance within the cell and the activity of other antioxidant enzymes. We hypothesized that obese children with insulin resistance would exhibit blunted G6PDH and 6PGDH activities, contributing to their erythrocytes’ redox status imbalances. We studied 15 control and 24 obese prepubertal children, 12 of whom were insulin-resistant according to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We analyzed erythroid malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl group levels as oxidative stress markers. NADP+/NADPH and GSH/GSSG were measured to determine redox status, and NADPH production by both G6PDH and 6PGDH was assayed spectrophotometrically to characterize pentose phosphate pathway activity. Finally, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were also assessed. As expected, MDA and carbonyl groups levels were higher at baseline and along the OGTT in insulin-resistant children. Both redox indicators showed an imbalance in favor of the oxidized forms along the OGTT in the insulin-resistant obese group. Additionally, the NADPH synthesis, as well as GR activity, were decreased. H2O2 removing enzyme activities were depleted at baseline in both obese groups, although after sugar intake only metabolically healthy obese participants were able to maintain their catalase activity. No change was detected in SOD activity between groups. Our results show that obese children with insulin resistance present higher levels of oxidative damage, blunted capacity to generate reducing power, and hampered function of key NADPH-dependent antioxidant enzymes.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECTS OF WATERCRESS (NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE) EXTRACTS IN DIABETIC RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
B. Fenton-Navarro ◽  
MV. Urquiza Martínez ◽  
BB. Fiscal Castro ◽  
OI. Medrano Castillo ◽  
M. López-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Enzyme Markers ◽  
Stress Damage

Background: Watercress is a semi-aquatic plant used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, such as flu, cough, avitaminosis, and anorexia; it is also used as a diuretic and for hypoglycemia treatment in diabetes. In this study, we report the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of orally administered aqueous (WAQE), acetonic (WAE), and alcoholic (WOHE) watercress extracts. The effect of subchronic administration of watercress extracts on oxidative stress was also studied. Materials and Methods: WAQE, WAE, and WOHE were obtained and administered orally. Alloxan (200 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) were applied to induce hyperglycemia in male Wistar rats. Phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant activity of the extracts were measured. The acute and subchronic effects (8 weeks) of WAQE were evaluated. The activity of antioxidant enzymes levels of malondialdehyde, hepatic enzyme markers in the serum, and renal function markers, were assessed. Histopathological evaluation of the pancreas, kidney, and liver was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: Watercress extracts have high concentrations of phenols, polyphenols, and flavonoids, in addition to a very high antioxidant effect. The hypoglycemic effect of WAQE upon acute administration was 76.6% higher than that of insulin. When administered chronically, glucose levels were normalized on the third week up to the eighth week. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzymes and biochemical parameters improved. Conclusion: WAQE administration to diabetic rats reduced oxidative stress damage and decreased glucose levels. This study supports the use of this plant for the treatment of diabetes.

scholarly journals The influence of natural dicarbonils on the antioxidant enzymes activity in vitro and in vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.Z. Lankin ◽  
G.G. Konovalova ◽  
A.K. Tikhaze ◽  
L.V. Nedosugova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Carbonyl Stress ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Liver Glutathione ◽  
Bovine Erythrocytes

Natural dicarbonyls, which may be accumulated during oxidative stress in atherosclerosis (e.g. malondialdehyde) or carbonyl stress in diabetes mellitus (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) effectively inhibited the activities of commercial preparations of antioxidant enzymes: catalase, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and Se-contained glutathione peroxidase from human and bovine erythrocytes and also rat liver glutathione-S-transferase. After incubation of human erythrocytes with 10 mM of each investigated dicarbonyls the decrease of intracellular Cu,Zn-SOD was observed. The decreased activity of erythrocyte Cu,Zn-SOD was also detected in diabetic patients with carbohydrate metabolism disturbance but effective sugar-lowered therapy was accompanied by the increase of this enzyme activity. The increase of erythrocytes activity of Cu,Zn-SOD of diabetic patients theated with metformin (which may utilize methylglyoxal) was higher than in erythrocytase of diabetic patients subjected to traditional therapy.

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