Acute and Chronic Hormonal Responses to Resistance Training Designed to Promote Muscle Hypertrophy

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Mccall ◽  
William C. Byrnes ◽  
Steven J. Fleck ◽  
Arthur Dickinson ◽  
William J. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Exercise Induced

Acute and chronic hormonal responses to resistance training were evaluated in 11 college men who completed 12 weeks (33 sessions) of high volume resistance training. No differences in resting concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I, testosterone, or sex hormone-binding globulin occurred from pre- and posttraining in the trained vs. nontrained control group. However, cortisol (C) decreased 17% for both groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences in exercise-induced responses between Sessions 10 and 20, with all hormone concentrations increasing (p < 0.05) from pre- at mid- and postexercise session. However, after correction for plasma volume decreases, only C and GH showed differences, with C increased from mid- to postsession (48% 10th: 49% 20th), and GH increased from pre- at mid- and postsession for both sessions 10 (0.16 ± 0.42 pre; 4.77 ± 6.24 mid; 6.26 ± 5.19 post; µg L−1) and 20 (0.33 ± 085 pre; 5.42 ± 9.08 mid; 8.24 ± 7.61 post; µg L−1). Significant correlations (p < 0.05) existed only between absolute mean GH increases from presession and the degree of muscle fiber hypertrophy for type I (r = 0.70 mid, 0.74 post) and type II (r = 0.71 post) fibers. In conclusion, resistance training had no effect on resting serum hormone concentrations, whereas similar acute exercise responses occurred between the 10th and 20th training sessions. Keywords: humans, weight training, growth hormone, IGF-I, testosterone, cortisol

Chronic resistance training in women potentiates growth hormone in vivo bioactivity: characterization of molecular mass variants

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. E1177-E1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
James O. Marx ◽  
Lincoln A. Gotshalk ◽  
Jill A. Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Molecular Variants ◽  
Exercise Induced

This investigation determined the influence of acute and chronic resistance exercise on responses of growth hormone (GH) molecular variants in women. Seventy-four healthy young women (23 ± 3 yr, 167 ± 7 cm, 63.8 ± 9.3 kg, 26.3 ± 4.0% body fat) performed an acute bout of resistance exercise (6 sets of 10 repetition maximum squat). Blood samples were obtained pre- and postexercise. Resulting plasma was fractionated by molecular mass ( fraction A, >60 kDa; fraction B, 30–60 kDa; and fraction C, <30 kDa) using chromatography. Fractionated and unfractionated (UF) plasma was then assayed for GH using three different detection systems (monoclonal immunoassay, polyclonal immunoassay, and rat tibial line in vivo bioassay). Subjects were then matched and randomly placed into one of four resistance exercise training groups or a control group for 24 wk. All experimental procedures were repeated on completion of the 24-wk resistance training programs. After acute exercise, immunoassays showed consistent increases in UF GH samples and fractions B and C; increases in fraction A using immunoassay were seen only in the monoclonal assay. No consistent changes in bioactive GH were found following acute exercise. Conversely, chronic exercise induced no consistent changes in immunoassayable GH of various molecular masses, whereas, in general, bioassayable GH increased. In summary, although acute exercise increased only immunoactive GH, chronic physical training increased the biological activity of circulating GH molecular variants. Increased bioactive GH was observed across all fractions and training regimens, suggesting that chronic resistance exercise increased a spectrum of GH molecules that may be necessary for the multitude of somatogenic and metabolic actions of GH.

scholarly journals Resistance training reduces the acute exercise-induced increase in muscle protein turnover

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. E118-E124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Phillips ◽  
K. D. Tipton ◽  
A. A. Ferrando ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Breakdown Rates ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Exercise Induced

We examined the effect of resistance training on the response of mixed muscle protein fractional synthesis (FSR) and breakdown rates (FBR) by use of primed constant infusions of [2H5]phenylalanine and [15N]phenylalanine, respectively, to an isolated bout of pleiometric resistance exercise. Trained subjects, who were performing regular resistance exercise (trained, T; n = 6), were compared with sedentary, untrained controls (untrained, UT; n = 6). The exercise test consisted of 10 sets (8 repetitions per set) of single-leg knee flexion (i.e., pleiometric muscle contraction during lowering) at 120% of the subjects’ predetermined single-leg 1 repetition maximum. Subjects exercised one leg while their contralateral leg acted as a nonexercised (resting) control. Exercise resulted in an increase, above resting, in mixed muscle FSR in both groups (UT: rest, 0.036 ± 0.002; exercise, 0.0802 ± 0.01; T: rest, 0.045 ± 0.004; exercise, 0.067 ± 0.01; all values in %/h; P< 0.01). In addition, exercise resulted in an increase in mixed muscle FBR of 37 ± 5% (rest, 0.076 ± 0.005; exercise, 0.105 ± 0.01; all values in %/h; P < 0.01) in the UT group but did not significantly affect FBR in the T group. The resulting muscle net balance (FSR − FBR) was negative throughout the protocol ( P < 0.05) but was increased in the exercised leg in both groups ( P < 0.05). We conclude that pleiometric muscle contractions induce an increase in mixed muscle protein synthetic rate within 4 h of completion of an exercise bout but that resistance training attenuates this increase. A single bout of pleiometric muscle contractions also increased the FBR of mixed muscle protein in UT but not in T subjects.

Abstract 100: Delta Opioid Receptor Blockade Abolishes Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury In Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana P Borges ◽  
Marina Tristao ◽  
Eduardo V Tibiriçá ◽  
Marcos A Lessa
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Kappa Receptor ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Delta Receptor ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Recent studies showed that exercise enhances myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury via an opioid receptor-dependent mechanism. However, the specific subtype of opioid receptor involved in this response remains to be determined. Methods: Male Wistar rats were first divided into 2 groups: exercised and control. The exercised group underwent 4 consecutive days of treadmill training (60 min at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption). The exercised group was then divided into 4 subgroups: exercised (Exe; n = 10); exercised + kappa receptor antagonist (Exe + K; n=4); exercised + delta receptor antagonist (Exe + D; n=4); exercised + mu receptor antagonist (Exe + M; n=4). Control group was also divided into 2 groups: control (Ctr; n = 10) and control sham (Sham; n = 10). To induce I-R injury, anesthetized animals were submitted to a left thoracotomy and a 30 min interventricular coronary occlusion followed by 60 min of reperfusion. The hemodynamic parameters were recorded and infarct size was post-mortem determined by double staining using TTC/Evans blue and expressed as a percentage of the area at risk. Results: As shown in the figure, Sham group showed no infarct, Exe group showed a significant reduction in the infarcted area (27.6%) when compared to Ctr group (42.0%). The pretreatment with mu and kappa receptor antagonist did not alter the cardioprotective effect of exercise. However, the pretreatment with delta receptor antagonist prevented the exercise-induced cardioprotection. Conclusions: Endogenous opioid system is involved in cardioprotection conferred by acute exercise, and delta receptor subtype seems to play an important role in this response.

scholarly journals Local Growth Hormone Therapy for Pressure Ulcer Healing on a Human Skin Mouse Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Cristóbal ◽  
Nerea de los Reyes ◽  
Miguel A. Ortega ◽  
Melchor Álvarez-Mon ◽  
Natalio García-Honduvilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Healing Rate ◽  
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type I

The growth hormone is involved in skin homeostasis and wound healing. We hypothesize whether it is possible to improve pressure ulcer (PU) healing by locally applying the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in a human skin mouse model. Non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice (n = 10) were engrafted with a full-thickness human skin graft. After 60 days with stable grafts, human skin underwent three cycles of ischemia-reperfusion with a compression device to create a PU. Mice were classified into two groups: rhGH treatment group (n = 5) and control group (n = 5). In the rhGH group for local intradermal injections, each had 0.15 mg (0.5IU) applied to the PU edges, once per week for four weeks. Evaluation of the wound healing was conducted with photographic and visual assessments, and histological analysis was performed after complete wound healing. The results showed a healing rate twice as fast in the rhGH group compared to the control group (1.25 ± 0.33 mm2/day versus 0.61 ± 0.27 mm2/day; p-value < 0.05), with a faster healing rate during the first 30 days. The rhGH group showed thicker skin (1953 ± 457 µm versus 1060 ± 208 µm; p-value < 0.05) in the repaired area, with a significant decrease in collagen type I/III ratio at wound closure (62 days, range 60–70). Local administration of the rhGH accelerates PU healing in our model. The rhGH may have a clinical use in pressure ulcer treatment.

scholarly journals High Intensity Resistance Training Methods with and without Protein Supplementation to Fight Cardiometabolic Risk in Middle-Aged Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kemmler ◽  
Andreas Wittke ◽  
Michael Bebenek ◽  
Michael Fröhlich ◽  
Simon von Stengel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Intensity Training

Time-effective protocols may potentially increase people’s compliance with exercise. The purpose of this paper was to compare the relative effects of 16 weeks of high intensity (resistance) training (HIT) with and without protein supplementation (HIT&P) and HVHIT (high volume/high intensity training) versus a nontraining control group on cardiometabolic risk factors. One hundred and twenty untrained males 30–50 years old were randomly assigned to 3 subgroups: (a) a HIT group; (b) a HIT&P group, and (c) a waiting-control group (phase I) that crossed over to (d) high volume/high intensity training (HVHIT) during the second study phase. HIT was defined as “single set to failure protocol” while HVHIT consistently applied two sets. Protein supplementation provided an overall intake of 1.5 g/kg/body mass. Primary study endpoint was the metabolic syndromeZ-Score (MetS-Z-Score). MetS-Z-Score significantly improved in all exercise groups (p≤0.001) with no significant difference between HIT, HIT&P, and HVHIT (p≥0.829). However, all the exercise groups differed significantly from the CG (p<0.001) which deteriorated significantly (p=0.039). In conclusion, all exercise protocols were similarly effective in improving cardiometabolic risk factors. Thus, HIT may be the best choice for people with low time budgets looking to improve their cardiometabolic health.

Effects of Heavy Resistance/Power Training on Maximal Strength, Muscle Morphology, and Hormonal Response Patterns in 60-75-Year-Old Men and Women

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keijo Häkkinen ◽  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Arto Pakarinen ◽  
Travis Tripleltt-Mcbride ◽  
Jeffrey M. Mcbride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Key Words Aging ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Chair Rise

Eleven women (TRW; 64 ± 4 yrs) and ten men (TRM; 65 ± 5 yrs) participated in the strength/power training twice a week for 24 weeks. Basal concentrations of serum total and free testosterone, growth hormone (GH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), cortisol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) as well as acute responses of serum total and free testosterone, growth hormone (GH) were measured. Maximal 1RM strength in the squat, chair rise time and muscle fibre distribution and areas of type I and IIa and IIb of the vastus lateralis were also examined. 1RM squat increased in TRW by 26 (SDIO) % (p < .001), and in TRM by 35(7) % (p < .001) and chair rise time improved in both groups (p < .001). Fibre areas increased in type I, (p < .01), IIa (p < .01) and IIb (p < .01) in TRM and type I (p < .05) and IIa (p < .05) in TRW. The proportion of type IIa increased from 31% to 43% (p < .05) in TRW and that of type IIb decreased from 27% to 17% (p < .05) in TRW and from 25% to 17% (p < .05) in TRM. Individual concentrations of testosterone/cortisol ratios correlated (r = 0.63; p < .05) with the individual increases in 1RM strength in TRW. The exercise sessions resulted in acute increases in serum GH in both groups (p < .05) with a further increase (p < .01) up to 10 minutes post-loading in TRM at post-training. Key words: aging, strength training, power training, muscle hypertrophy, serum hormones

Biosynthetic growth hormone changes the collagen and elastin contents and biomechanical properties of the rat aorta

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Brüel ◽  
Hans Oxlund
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I

Abstract The biomechanical and biochemical properties of aortas from female rats treated with biosynthetic human GH (b-hGH) for 80 days were investigated. b-hGH was administered at a dose of 5 mg·kg−1·d−1. Treatment with b-hGH increased the body weight by 75% and the diameter of the aorta by 14% compared with the control group. The concentration of collagen and the relative amount of collagen type I were increased, and the concentration of elastin was decreased. Aortas from the b-hGH-treated group showed increased extensibility in the regions corresponding to physiological load values (i.e. 100-200 mmHg), and increased stiffness in regions with higher load values. The increased extensibility at low load values corresponds well with the loss of elastin, and the increased stiffness at higher load values with the increase of collagen and relative increase of collagen type I. These alterations induced by the growth hormone treatment might influence the elasticity and recoiling properties of the aorta.

scholarly journals Effect of acute exercise on serum growth hormone and fatty acid levels in elite male water polo players

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-361
Author(s):  
Marina Djelic ◽  
Sanja Mazic ◽  
Jasna Tepsic ◽  
D. Nesic ◽  
Biljana Lazovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Incremental Protocol ◽  
Serum Gh

The aim of study was to estimate the effect of acute exercise on serum growth hormone (GH) and fatty acid (FFA) levels in elite water polo players. Twelve male water polo players (20.50 ? 2.02 years) and eleven non-athletic male subjects (20.55 ? 1.04 years) participated in this study. In order to determine GH and FFA responses to acute exercise, a treadmill-running test was performed following an incremental protocol. Pre-exercise blood samples for both athletes and non-athletes were taken at 9 AM. Post-exercise samples were taken immediately after and 30 min after the treadmill running test. Water polo players had significantly lower baseline values of serum GH concentration compared to controls, whereas serum FFA concentration was significantly higher in water polo players compared to controls (p<0.01; p<0.05, respectively). In both groups, concentration of GH was significantly higher immediately after and after the 30-min of recovery compared to baseline levels (p<0.05). In water polo players, the concentration of FFA was significantly decreased immediately after and after the 30-min of recovery compared to baseline levels (p<0.05). No significant response to maximal exercise test was observed in the control group for serum FFA concentration. Our research indicates that acute exercise resulted in a significant increase in serum GH and reduction in fatty acid levels in elite water polo players.

Maturity-Associated Variations in Resistance Exercise-Induced Hormonal Responses in Young Male Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuta Sekine ◽  
Norikazu Hirose
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Cortisol Ratio

Purpose: To examine differences in resistance exercise-induced hormonal responses among young athletes according to their maturity levels. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 collegiate and 32 junior high school male athletes were enrolled. The junior high school participants were divided into pre–peak height velocity (PHV) and post-PHV groups, according to their PHV ages. The salivary testosterone, cortisol, and human growth hormone levels were analyzed before (pre), immediately after (post), and at 15 minutes after performing body weight resistance exercise. Results: The testosterone levels were higher in the collegiate than in the junior high school group (P < .01) and increased after 15 minutes of exercise (P < .01). A significant decrease in the cortisol levels postexercise in the junior high school groups (P < .01) and an increase in the human growth hormone levels at 15 minutes after exercise in the post-PHV group were observed (P < .01). In the collegiate and post-PHV groups, the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio increased post and at 15 minutes after exercise (P < .01). The testosterone-to-cortisol ratio values were higher in the collegiate than in the post-PHV (at preexercise and at 15 min after [P < .01]) and pre-PHV groups (at all times [P < .01]). Conclusion: Exercise-induced acute hormonal responses to resistance exercise may depend on individuals’ maturity levels, even in those having the same age.

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