Dew on reindeer lichen

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyula Péch

Four reindeer lichen (Cladinarangiferina (L.) Nyl) samples were placed near ground level in the open at a meteorological station where dew and other meteorological parameters were measured. One sample was covered occasionally from sunset to sunrise to prevent dew and to evaluate moisture gain due to wetting by atmospheric vapour alone. Mass measurements were done day and night following a set schedule. At the conclusion of the field program the samples were oven-dried and all weight measurements were converted to moisture contents. The results showed that a simple linear relationship adequately describes the overnight rise of lichen moisture caused by dew, and that atmospheric vapour alone, on nights without rain or condensation, can raise lichen moisture by 15%. Further, the results confirmed that nocturnal moisture gains by either dew or atmospheric vapour dissipate on subsequent clear mornings by noon. These findings suggest that at locations where humidity is measured at night and dew may be assessed visually in the morning, one can estimate both the 06:00 maximum moisture content of the lichen and, on subsequent clear mornings, the hourly rate of its drying.

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Gy. Péch

Seven composite samples of western red cedar and western hemlock logging slash of 0.25 to 2 inches diameter were exposed on top of and within the bottom third of a fuel bed in the interior wet belt of British Columbia in August 1965. Their moisture contents were measured regularly 24 hours a day and compared with the moisture content of an exposed B.C. hazard stick on the basis of both the hourly drying rates on 1 clear day and the daily loss of moisture, relative to the morning maximum moisture content, for a period of 6 drying days after rain. The absolute moisture content values, the hourly rates of drying, and the daily fluctuation of the moisture content of the hazard stick differed from those of the fuel samples at all times. It was concluded that cedar-hemlock slash fuel moisture content cannot be predicted numerically from an individual measurement of the moisture content of freely exposed hazard sticks in those years when the slash retains a tight bark. Counting the number of drying days after rain proved to be of little practical value.


1965 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-363
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg ◽  
D. Farrell

Colman electrodes were inserted into stem sections of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, western red cedar and black cottonwood and resistance readings were taken at wood moisture contents of 10% to 100% of maximum moisture content. In almost all the conifer sections tested, 85% or more of the readings lay within limits of ±10% moisture content about the mean curve, and over 50% were within ±5%. The variation was greater for black cottonwood. Variation was also greater in the larger than in the smaller sections. The curves for individual sections within each species had certain characteristics in common, but no two curves were identical.Resistance readings given by Colman electrodes inserted into living black cottonwood trees showed a fairly good correlation with soil moisture content when the trees were subjected to cycles of drought and watering.


Author(s):  
F. Seehofer ◽  
W. Schulz

AbstractThe phenomenon of the smoulder stream flowing through the cigarette during smouldering and during the puff intervals is demonstrated for the first time and its dependence upon physical conditions is examined. The volume of the smoulder stream can amount up to 180 ml per cigarette. Increasing draw resistance of the cigarette and augmenting moisture content of the tobacco as well as perforation of the cigarette paper have a decreasing effect on volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The porosity of the cigarette paper has no perceptible influence. The spatial position of the cigarette affects volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The influence exercised by the smoulder stream on the yields of total condensate, nicotine, phenols, aldehydes, and acroleine when the cigarette tip is open during the puff intervals is determined. When the moisture contents of the tobacco were extremely high, yield decreases reaching 50 % could be observed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon W. Park ◽  
Jae W. Park ◽  
Won B. Yoon

AbstractNovel algorithm to determine the least cost formulation of a surimi blend was developed using linear programming (LP). Texture properties and the unit cost of surimi blend at the target moisture content were used as constraint functions and the objective function, respectively. The mathematical models to describe the moisture content dependence of the ring tensile properties were developed using critical moisture content, and the model parameters were used for the least cost LP (LCLP) model. The LCLP model successfully predicted the quality of surimi blend. Sensitivity analysis was used to obtain an additional information when the perturbations of design variables are provided. A standard procedure to determine the least cost formulation for blending surimi with varied moisture contents was systematically developed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-chen Li ◽  
Chong-chong Qi ◽  
Yuan-tian Sun ◽  
Xiao-lin Tang ◽  
Bao-quan Hou

The kinetics of fluid-solid coupling during immersion is an important topic of investigation in rock engineering. Two rock types, sandstone and mudstone, are selected in this work to study the correlation between the softening characteristics of the rocks and moisture content. This is achieved through detailed studies using scanning electron microscopy, shear tests, and evaluation of rock index properties during exposure to different moisture contents. An underground roadway excavation is simulated by dynamic finite element modeling to analyze the effect of moisture content on the stability of the roadway. The results show that moisture content has a significant effect on shear properties reduction of both sandstone and mudstone, which must thus be considered in mining or excavation processes. Specifically, it is found that the number, area, and diameter of micropores, as well as surface porosity, increase with increasing moisture content. Additionally, stress concentration is negatively correlated with moisture content, while the influenced area and vertical displacement are positively correlated with moisture content. These findings may provide useful input for the design of underground roadways.


2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1648-1652
Author(s):  
Tie Jun Sun ◽  
Baderihu Tajilake

Experiment was executed to plant eco-grass of Bromus inermis Leyss on 15°bare slopes, and study effect of biological characters on dynamics of soil moisture contents. The results indicated that vegetation restored quickly on the bare slope after the eco-grass planted. There were 2473.4 kg/hm2 of overground biomass and 1744.1kg/hm2 of underground biomass, and 70% of underground biomass was in 0-10cm layer of soil. Meanwhile, there was a regulatory mechanism of soil moisture content for Bromus inermis Leyss. When rainfall was enough, soil moisture content in 0-80 cm layer could reach to the most of 26.83% quickly this year. Next it could decline near to the first value of 19.81% after rainfall stopped, and keep a dynamic balance between 19.48% and 19.96%. Moreover, the regulatory mechanism realized though underground biomass, and was clearer with underground biomass increasing, especially in the 0-40cm layer of soil.


Author(s):  
Julie Paprocki ◽  
Nina Stark ◽  
Hans C Graber ◽  
Heidi Wadman ◽  
Jesse E McNinch

A framework for estimating moisture content from satellite-based multispectral imagery of sandy beaches was tested under various site conditions and sensors. It utilizes the reflectance of dry soil and an empirical factor c relating reflectance and moisture content for specific sediment. Here, c was derived two ways: first, from in-situ measurements of moisture content and average NIR image reflectance; and second, from laboratory-based measurements of moisture content and spectrometer reflectance. The proposed method was tested at four sandy beaches: Duck, North Carolina, and Cannon Beach, Ocean Cape, and Point Carrew, Yakutat, Alaska. Both measured and estimated moisture content profiles were impacted by site geomorphology. For profiles with uniform slopes, moisture contents ranged from 3.0%-8.0% (Zone 1) and from 8.0%-23.0% (Zone 2). Compared to field measurements, the moisture contents estimated using c calibrated from in-situ and laboratory data resulted in percent error of 3.6%-44.7% and 2.7%-58.6%, respectively. The highest percent error occurred at the transition from Zone 1 to Zone 2. Generally, moisture contents were overestimated in Zone 1 and underestimated in Zone 2, but followed the expected trends based on field measurements. When estimated moisture contents in Zone 1 exceeded 10%, surface roughness, debris, geomorphology, and weather conditions were considered.


BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6680-6695
Author(s):  
Xiwen Wei ◽  
Liping Sun ◽  
Hongjv Zhou ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
...  

Based on the effects of stress wave propagation in larch (Larix gmelinii) wood, the propagation mechanism of stress wave was explored, and a theoretical model of the propagation velocity of stress waves in the three-dimensional space of wood was developed. The cross and longitudinal propagation velocities of stress wave were measured in larch wood under different moisture contents (46% to 87%, 56% to 96%, 20% to 62%, and 11% to 30%) in a laboratory setting. The relationships between the propagation velocity of stress waves and the direction angle or chord angle with different moisture contents were analyzed, and the three-dimensional regression models among four parameters were established. The analysis results indicated that under the same moisture content, stress wave velocity increased as the direction angle increased and decreased as chord angle increased, and the radial velocity was the largest. Under different moisture contents, stress wave velocity gradually decreased as moisture content increased, and the stress wave velocity was more noticeably affected by moisture content when moisture content was below the fiber saturation point (FSP, 30%). The nonlinear regression models of the direction angle, chord angle, moisture content, and the propagation velocity of stress wave fit the experiment data well (R2 ≥ 0.97).


1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. SINHA ◽  
N. D. G. WHITE ◽  
H. A. H. WALLACE ◽  
R. I. H. McKENZIE

The effects of various seed moisture contents in hulless (cv. Terra) and hulled oats (cv. Random) on susceptibility to mite infestation and on mycofloral growth and germination loss were studied at weekly intervals. Fat acidity values were determined for Terra oats only after 4 wk of storage. Moisture content-relative humidity adsorption and desorption curves were determined for Terra at 22 °C and at relative humidities of 35–100%. Terra oats, which had a higher level of Penicillium infection at 90–100% RH than Random oats, lost viability more rapidly than Random. Fat acidity values of Terra increased rapidly from 35 mg KOH/100 g of seed to 87–118 mg KOH/100 g of seed, only when seeds were stored at 90–100% RH. Terra offered a more favorable substrate for the multiplication of the mites Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus farris, and Lepidoglyphus destructor than did Random. With the exception of susceptibility to mite infestation, safe storage criteria are similar for hulled and hulless oats at usual moisture contents.


2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-384
Author(s):  
Cesar Pedro Hartmann Filho ◽  
André Luís Duarte Goneli ◽  
Tathiana Elisa Masetto ◽  
Elton Aparecido Siqueira Martins ◽  
Guilherme Cardoso Oba

Abstract: This study evaluated the physiological potential of soybean seeds harvested during two seasons, on different maturation stages and subjected to different drying temperatures. The seeds were harvested at the maturations stages R7, R7 + 2, R7 + 3, R7 + 5, R7 + 6, R7 + 7, R7 + 10 and R7 + 12 days (55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, and 20% of moisture content). For each maturation stage, seeds were divided into three samples: one sample was used to directly evaluate the physiological potential, and the others were dried at 40 °C and 50 °C, until reaching the moisture content of 11.5%. The physiological potential was evaluated through germination test, first germination count of germination, accelerated aging, modified cold, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence. The maximum physiological potential of seeds is achieved at the moisture content of 55%, the point that the dry matter is maximum. The seeds became tolerant to artificial drying approximately at the stage R7 + 7 days (30% of moisture content). Germination and vigor of the soybean seeds reduce as the drying temperature is increased from 40 °C to 50 °C, and this effect is enhanced when the seeds show moisture contents above 30%.


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