Perfusions of the posterior hypothalamus of cats with various ions and saccharides: effects on body temperature

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jones ◽  
W. L. Veale ◽  
K. E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Hypothalamic Region ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Perfusion Solution

Alterations of the ionic constituents of solutions perfused through the tissue of the posterior hypothalamic region in conscious cats elicited changes in body temperatures. Increasing the [Ca2+] to [Na+] ratio of the perfusion solution elicited falls in body temperature which were accompanied by changes in posture and vasomotor tone which assisted the heat loss. The magnitude of the fall was dependent on the ratio of [Ca2+] to [Na+] and was not related to the osmolarity of perfusion solution. The addition of dextrose to the perfusion solution attenuated or abolished the response produced by an increase in the [Ca2+] to [Na+] ratio. This dextrose effect could be attributed to its role as an energy substrate. These data are consistent with and extend previous suggestions that the set point for body temperature may be dependent on the inherent ratio of the ionic constituents of the posterior hypothalamic area. Further, they suggest that these ionically induced alterations can be overriden by increasing the available energy substrate.

Thermal homeostasis in rats after intrahypothalamic injections of 6-hyroxydopamine

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Van Zoeren ◽  
EM Stricker
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Local Injection ◽  
Noradrenergic Neurons ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Hypothalamic Region ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Noradrenergic Fibers ◽  
Effector Mechanisms

Specific destruction of at least 90% of the noradrenergic neurons in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic region (PO/AH) by local injection of 9-hyroxydopamine (6-HDA) did not disrupt thermoregulation by rats either in the heat or the cold. Examination of the multiple effector mechanisms suggested that thermal balance was maintained in a normal fashion, and that compensatory adjustments did not conceal individual dysfunctions. In contrast with the ineffectual 6-HDA lesions of the PO/AH were the outstanding impairments seen in rats following electrolytic lesions of this area. All the latter animals became severely hyperthermic during the 1st h of exposure to an ambient temperature of 40 degrees C, and half of them were additionally unable to maintain body temperatures when exposed to an ambient temperature of 6 degrees C. The electrolytic lesions reduced norepinephrine levels in the PO/AH, but the 50-70% depletions were substantially smaller than those found in 6-HDA-treated rats. These results raise new doubts about whether central noradrenergic fibers have an important role in the regulation of body temperature by rats.

scholarly journals 14-3-3ζ mediates an alternative, non-thermogenic mechanism to reduce heat loss and improve cold tolerance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadidia Diallo ◽  
Sylvie Dussault ◽  
Christophe Noll ◽  
Angel F. Lopez ◽  
Alain Rivard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Molecular Scaffold ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Reduce Heat Loss

SummaryFollowing prolonged cold exposure, adaptive thermogenic pathways are activated to maintain homeothermy, and elevations in body temperature are generally associated with UCP1-dependent and -independent increases in energy expenditure. One of the earliest, identified functions of the molecular scaffold, 14-3-3ζ, was its role in the synthesis of norepinephrine, a key endogenous factor that stimulates thermogenesis. This suggests that 14-3-3ζ may have critical roles in cold-induced thermogenesis. Herein, we report that transgenic over-expression of TAP-14-3-3ζ in mice significantly improved tolerance to prolonged cold. When compared to wildtype controls, TAP mice displayed significantly elevated body temperatures and paradoxical decreases in energy expenditure. No changes in β-adrenergic sensitivity or oxidative metabolism were observed; instead, 14-3-3ζ over-expression significantly decreased thermal conductance via increased peripheral vasoconstriction. These findings suggest 14-3-3ζ mediates alternative, non-thermogenic mechanisms to mitigate heat loss for homeothermy. Our results point to an unexpected role of 14-3-3ζ in the regulation of body temperature.Graphical abstract

Temperature regulation in the new-born lamb. III. Effect of environmental temperature on metabolic rate body temperatures, and respiratory quotient

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
New Born

Studies were made on temperature regulation of lambs in a closed circuit indirect calorimeter. Dry new-born lambs were able to maintain normal body temperature in ambient temperatures as low as -5°C. This was accomplished by increasing heat production to 2–3 times "basal" levels, apparently by increased oxidation of fats, and by reducing heat loss through the extremities by vasoconstriction. The lower limit of the zone of thermal neutrality was about 29°C. In unsuckled lambs within 24 hr of birth, the heat produced in response to cold appeared to be independent of pre-natal nutrition and age. It was considerably lower in lambs with hairy coats than in lambs with fine coats. Milk intake increased heat production, and this increase was abolished after 12 hr of fasting in lambs up to 3 days old, but the increase persisted in older lambs. The increase was accompanied by, and was apparently due to, elevated heat loss from the extremities, which persisted even at low temperatures. The maximal thermal insulation of the tissues, calculated from these results, was about 1 Clo; that of the fleece plus air was only 1 to 2 Clo.

Daily Torpor and Thermoregulation in the Small Dasyurid Marsupials Planigale-Gilesi and Ningaui-Yvonneae

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Geiser ◽  
RV Baudinette
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Small Species ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Strong Selective Pressure

Torpor in endotherms has only been observed in small species, suggesting that body mass determines the occurrence of torpor. The present study investigates the influence of body mass on the occurrence of torpor and also the pattern of torpor (i.e. minimum body temperature, metabolic rate, and the duration of torpor). The two small dasyurid marsupials Planigale gilesi (8.3 g) and Ningaui yvonneae (11.6 g) entered torpor frequently when food was available; withdrawal of food increased the occurrence of torpor to almost 100%. Minimum body temperatures during torpor in both species were lower and the torpor duration was longer than for most larger dasyurid species studied so far. These findings suggest that the thermal stress on these very small species exerts a strong selective pressure to enhance daily torpor episodes for reduction of heat loss to the environment.

Antipyretic Plants: An Updated Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Vandana Garg ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Elevated Body Temperature

Background: Fever, is known as pyrexia, may occur due to infection, inflammation, or any tissue damage and disease states. Normally, the infected or damaged tissue initiates the enhanced formation of pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines which further increases the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) near the hypothalamic area and thereby trigger the hypothalamus to elevate the body temperature. Objective: Antipyretics are the agents which reduce the elevated body temperature. The most commonly used antipyretic agent, paracetamol, may be fatal due to its side effects. Methods: In this review paper, Chemical Abstracts, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were the sources for the published article to collect information regarding antipyretic activity. Results: This review compiles the antipyretic plants that may be useful to treat fever due to various diseases. Conclusion: These medicinal plants could be good alternatives for traditional allopathic antipyretics.

Comparison of the effect of isopropyl alcohol and chlorhexidine solution rinses on body temperature of female cats undergoing sterilization surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2097956
Author(s):  
Rachael E Kreisler ◽  
Michelle L Douglas ◽  
Karissa N Harder
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Reversal Agents ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Chlorhexidine Solution ◽  
Recovery Temperature

Objectives Isopropyl alcohol 70% as a rinse agent for chlorhexidine scrub has been shown to decrease body temperature more quickly than chlorhexidine solution in mice prepared aseptically prior to surgery. For this reason, some high-quality, high-volume (HQHV) surgical sterilization clinics use chlorhexidine solution rather than alcohol. We sought to determine if temperature upon entry to recovery, heat loss per kg and rate of temperature decline during surgery were different between cats rinsed with chlorhexidine solution vs 70% isopropyl alcohol following surgical scrub, and if there were significant predictors of recovery temperature. Methods Female cats admitted for surgery to trap–neuter–return (TNR) clinics at a veterinary college were assigned chlorhexidine solution or alcohol rinse agents via block randomization. Veterinary students and veterinarians performed spay surgeries using HQHV techniques. In recovery, heat support and reversal agents were available for cats with a low body temperature or that were slow to recover. Baseline values, outcome variables and duration of each stage (preparation, surgery, recovery) were assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum and t-tests. Recovery temperature was evaluated using random effects multiple linear regression. Results The recovery temperature, heat loss per kg, heat loss per min, need for reversal and need for heat support in recovery were not significantly different between rinse groups. Weight <2.3 kg, body condition score <4, duration of surgery and postinduction temperature were predictors of recovery temperature. The rate of heat loss in the first 30 mins of surgery was slightly lower for cats in the alcohol rinse group and the recovery duration was shorter for cats weighing less <2.3 kg in the alcohol rinse group. Conclusions and relevance There were no clinically meaningful differences in body temperature between chlorhexidine and alcohol rinses. Both chlorhexidine solution and isopropyl alcohol 70% are appropriate rinse agents for aseptic preparation of feline spay surgeries.

Body temperature regulation and oxygen consumption in young chicks fed thyroid hormone

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1842-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. Snyder ◽  
Joseph R. Coelho ◽  
Dalan R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Young Chicks

In chicks the ability to regulate body temperature to adult levels develops during the first 2 weeks of life. We examined whether the ability of young chicks to regulate body temperature is increased by elevated levels of the thyroid hormone 3,3′5-triiodothyronine. By 13 days following hatch, body temperatures of chicks were not significantly different from those expected for adult birds. Furthermore, at an ambient temperature of 10 °C, 13-day-old control chicks were able to maintain body temperature, and elevated serum thyroid hormone levels did not increase rates of oxygen consumption or body temperature above control values. Six-day-old chicks had body temperatures that were significantly lower than those of the 13-day-old chicks and were not able to regulate body temperature when exposed to an ambient temperature of 10 °C. On the other hand, 6-day-old chicks with elevated serum thyroid hormone had significantly higher rates of oxygen consumption than 6-day-old control chicks, and were able to maintain constant body temperatures during cold exposure. The increased oxygen consumption rates and improved ability to regulate body temperature during cold exposure were correlated with increased citrate synthase activity in skeletal muscle. Our results support the argument that thyroid hormones play an important role in the development of thermoregulatory ability in neonate birds by stimulating enzyme activities associated with aerobic metabolism.

The hyperthermic effect of central cholecystokinin is mediated by the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Keringer ◽  
Nora Furedi ◽  
Balazs Gaszner ◽  
Alexandra Miko ◽  
Eszter Pakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Induced Hyperthermia ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Fever Response

Cholecystokinin (CCK) increases core body temperature via CCK2 receptors when administered intracerebroventricularly (icv). The mechanisms of CCK-induced hyperthermia are unknown, and it is also unknown whether CCK contributes to the fever response to systemic inflammation. We studied the interaction between central CCK signaling and the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Body temperature was measured in adult male Wistar rats pretreated with intraperitoneal infusion of the nonselective COX enzyme inhibitor metamizol (120 mg/kg) or a selective COX-2 inhibitor, meloxicam or etoricoxib (10 mg/kg for both) and, 30 minutes later, treated with icv CCK (1.7 µg/kg). In separate experiments, CCK-induced neuronal activation (with and without COX inhibition) was studied in thermoregulation- and feeding-related nuclei with c-Fos immunohistochemistry. CCK increased body temperature by ~0.4°C from 10 min post-infusion, which was attenuated by metamizol. CCK reduced the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the median preoptic area (by ~70%) but increased it in the dorsal hypothalamic area and in the rostral raphe pallidus (by ~50% in both); all these changes were all completely blocked with metamizol. In contrast, CCK-induced satiety and neuronal activation in the ventromedial hypothalamus were not influenced by metamizol. CCK-induced hyperthermia was also completely blocked with both selective COX-2 inhibitors studied. Finally, the CCK2 receptor antagonist YM022 (10 µg/kg; icv) attenuated the late phases of fever induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (10 µg/kg; intravenously). We conclude that centrally administered CCK causes hyperthermia through changes in the activity of "classical" thermoeffector pathways, and that the activation of COX-2 is required for the development of this response.

Rancang Bangun Pengukur Suhu Tubuh Dengan Multi Sensor Untuk Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Helmy Yudhistira Putra ◽  
Utomo Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Heat Measurement ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Door Lock ◽  
Body Heat

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the price of preventive equipment such as masks and hand sanitizers has increased significantly. Likewise, thermometers are experiencing an increase and scarcity, this tool is also sought after by many companies for screening employees and guests before entering the building to detect body temperatures that are suspected of being positive for COVID-19. The use of a thermometer operated by humans is very risky because dealing directly with people who could be ODP (People Under Monitoring/Suscpected ) or even positive for COVID-19, therefore we need tools for automatic body temperature screening and do not involve humans for the examination. This research uses the MLX-90614 body temperature sensor equipped with an ultrasonic support sensor to detect movement and measure the distance between the forehead and the temperature sensor so that the body heat measurement works optimally, and a 16x2 LCD to display the temperature measurement results. If the measured body temperature is more than 37.5 ° C degrees Celsius then the buzzer will turn on and the selenoid door lock will not open and will send a notification to the Telegram messaging application. The final result obtained is the formation of a prototype device for measuring body temperature automatically without the need to involve humans in measuring body temperature to control people who want to enter the building so as to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission

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