Body composition dynamics of ruddy ducks during wing moult

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2224-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Hohman
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sex Effect ◽  
Ruddy Ducks ◽  
Fat Liver ◽  
Wing Moult

A method was developed for indexing moulting costs in waterfowl based on intensity of moult and proportional mass of feathers in seven feather regions (ADJMOLT). This method was then applied to an examination of relations between moulting costs and size-adjusted body mass and composition of postbreeding male and female ruddy ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) collected in southwestern Manitoba, 30 July – 24 August 1985. Moderate to heavy moult (25 to > 50% of moulting feathers) was recorded in all feather regions. The intensity of down moult was greater in males than in females, but no differences between sexes in moult score by contour feather region, overall mean moult score, or ADJMOLT were detected. Relations between ADJMOLT and body fat (FAT), liver protein (LIVER), and size-adjusted body mass (ADJMASS), body protein (ADJPROT), and leg and breast muscle protein (ADJLEG and ADJBR, respectively) were not influenced by sex, but there was a sex effect on the relation of ADJMOLT to gizzard mass (GIZZWT). ADJPROT and ADJBR were negatively associated with ADJMOLT, whereas female GIZZWT was positively related to ADJMOLT. ADJMASS, ADJLEG, FAT, and LIVER were unrelated to ADJMOLT. Female ruddy ducks were structurally smaller and had less ADJMASS, ADJPROT, ADJLEG, and FAT than males, but there were no sex-related differences in ADJBR. I found no evidence of nutritional stress in post-breeding ruddy ducks, but argue that stress associated with moult in waterfowl is most likely to occur in females, especially small-bodied species that are primarily herbivorous.

scholarly journals 224 A method for estimating the target for protein energy retention in sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
Holland C Dougherty ◽  
Hutton Oddy ◽  
Mark Evered ◽  
James W Oltjen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Reference Weight ◽  
Animal Growth

Abstract Target protein mass at maturity is a common “attractor” used in animal models to derive components of animal growth. This target muscle protein at maturity, M*, is used as a driver of a model of animal growth and body composition with pools representing muscle and visceral protein; where viscera is heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, reticulorumen and gastrointestinal tract; and muscle is non-visceral protein. This M* term then drives changes in protein mass and heat production, based on literature data stating that heat production scales linearly with protein mass but not liveweight. This led us to adopt a modelling approach where energy utilization is directly related to protein content of the animal, and energy not lost as heat or deposited as protein is fat. To maintain continuity with existing feeding systems we estimate M* from Standard Reference Weight (SRW) as follows: M* (kJ) = SRW * SHRINK * (1-FMAT) * (MUSC) * (CPM)* 23800. Where SRW is standard reference weight (kg), SHRINK is the ratio of empty body to live weight (0.86), FMAT is proportion of fat in the empty body at maturity (0.30), MUSC is the proportion of empty body protein that is in muscle (0.85), CPM is the crude protein content of fat-free muscle at maturity (0.21), and 23800 is the energetic content (kJ) of a kilogram of crude protein. Values for SHRINK, FMAT, MUSC and CPM were derived from a synthesis of our own experimental data and the literature. For sheep, these values show M* to be: M* (kJ) = SRW * 0.86* (1-0.3) * 0.85 * 0.21 *23800 = SRW * 2557. This method allows for use of existing knowledge regarding standard reference weight and other parameters in estimating target muscle mass at maturity, as part of a model of body composition and performance in ruminants.

Relationship of maternal protein turnover and lean body mass during pregnancy and birth length

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. DUGGLEBY ◽  
Alan A. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Size At Birth

Epidemiological evidence shows that small size at birth is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adult life. We have examined the relationships between size at birth and maternal body composition and protein turnover in normal pregnant women. A group of 27 multiparous Caucasian women with singleton pregnancies were studied at around 18 and 28 weeks' gestation. Body composition was determined by anthropometry, and whole-body protein turnover was estimated by using a single oral dose of [15N]glycine and the end-product method. The baby's weight and length were measured within 48 h of birth. Mothers with a greater lean body mass had higher rates of protein turnover at 18 weeks' gestation. This association was largely accounted for by differences in the mother's visceral, rather than muscle, mass. Mothers who had higher protein turnover at 18 weeks' gestation had babies that were longer at birth. After adjustment for the duration of gestation and the baby's sex, 26% of the variation in length at birth was accounted for by maternal protein synthesis at 18 weeks' gestation. Maternal protein intake was not associated with the baby's birth length. Thus the mother's ability to nourish her fetus is influenced by her body composition and her rate of protein turnover. Dietary intake does not adequately characterize this ability.

scholarly journals Analysis of Anthropometric and Body Composition Profile in Male and Female Traditional Rowers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7826
Author(s):  
Alfonso Penichet-Tomas ◽  
Basilio Pueo ◽  
Sergio Selles-Perez ◽  
Jose M. Jimenez-Olmedo
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Anthropometric Profile

The anthropometric profile has a fundamental role in rowing performance and young talent detection. The objective of this study was to analyze the anthropometric profile, body composition, and somatotype in traditional rowers, and to analyze which variables can be used as predictors of rowing performance. Twenty-four rowers competing at national level participated in this study, thirteen men and eleven women. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed in the height of male rowers (large effect size, d = 1.8) and in body mass (very large effect size, d = 2.4). Also, muscle mass reached a higher percentage in male rowers (d = 3.7), whereas the sum of seven skinfolds (d = 2.0) and body fat percentage (d = 2.0) reached higher values in female rowers, all their difference being significant (p < 0.001) with very large effect size. The somatotype of male rowers was ecto-mesomorph (1.8-4.5-3.0), and the somatotype of female rowers was in the balanced mesomorph (2.8-3.8-2.6). A very strong correlation between height (r = 0.75; p = 0.002) and rowing performance was found in male rowers. Body mass (r = 0.70; p = 0.009) and muscle mass (r = 0.83; p = 0.001) showed also very strong correlation in female rowers. Finally, height was the best predictor of performance for male rowers (R2 = 0.56, p < 0.003) and muscle mass for female rowers (R2 = 0.68, p < 0.002). The anthropometric profile of male and female traditional rowers showed differences to be considered in training programs and talent selection.

scholarly journals Modelling of nutrient partitioning in growing pigs to predict their anatomical body composition. 1. Model description

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Halas ◽  
J. Dijkstra ◽  
L. Babinszky ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen ◽  
W. J. J. Gerrits
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Body Protein

A dynamic mechanistic model was developed for growing and fattening pigs. The aim of the model was to predict growth rate and the chemical and anatomical body compositions from the digestible nutrient intake of gilts (20–105 kg live weight). The model represents the partitioning of digestible nutrients from intake through intermediary metabolism to body protein and body fat. State variables of the model were lysine, acetyl-CoA equivalents, glucose, volatile fatty acids and fatty acids as metabolite pools, and protein in muscle, hide–backfat, bone and viscera and body fat as body constituent pools. It was assumed that fluxes of metabolites follow saturation kinetics depending on metabolite concentrations. In the model, protein deposition rate depended on the availability of lysine and of acetyl-CoA. The anatomical body composition in terms of muscle, organs, hide–backfat and bone was predicted from the chemical body composition and accretion using allometric relationships. Partitioning of protein, fat, water and ash in muscle, organs, hide–backfat and bone fractions were driven by the rates of muscle protein and body fat deposition. Model parameters were adjusted to obtain a good fit of the experimental data from literature. Differential equations were solved numerically for a given set of initial conditions and parameter values. In the present paper, the model is presented, including its parameterisation. The evaluation of the model is described in a companion paper.

Body composition of harp seals

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Gales ◽  
Deane Renouf ◽  
Elizabeth Noseworthy
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Body

Using chemical analysis we measured the composition of 26 harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) representing both sexes, aged between 3 months and 30 years, and encompassing a wide range of body conditions. Predictive relationships between total body water and total body fat contents, total body protein content, and gross energy were calculated. These equations allow accurate estimation of harp seal body composition provided total body water content and body mass are known. Using these data we compared the accuracy of three existing equations that have been used to predict body fat content of other species. We found that in adult harp seals, lean body mass has a relatively stable hydration of 70% but the hydration of blubber varied with body condition. Lipid content, and thus energy density of blubber, increased with increasing body condition.

Body size and condition, age, plumage quality, and foods of prenesting male cinnamon teal in relation to pair status

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Hohman ◽  
C. Davison Ankney
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Male Age ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Anas Cyanoptera

Male-biased sex ratios in waterfowl may contribute to sexual selection and permit females to be the deciding sex in mate selection. Male characteristics potentially influencing female choice include male age, size, plumage quality, and body condition (i.e., relative body mass, fat content, or protein content). By examining characteristics of prenesting male cinammon teal (Anas cyanoptera) relative to their pair status we evaluated the predictions that (i) paired males are older and physically superior to unpaired males and (ii) older and physically superior males pair in advance of other males. Diets of paired and unpaired males were similar, as were body size, ingesta-free body mass, fat, breast, and leg muscle protein contents, and testis, liver, and plumage masses. Likewise, pair status was not associated with male age. Body protein content and percentage of alternate plumage were generally greater in paired than unpaired males, but for some unpaired individuals these values were higher than the mean values for paired males. Thus, we found only limited evidence to support the above hypotheses. Our data suggest a possible link between winter nutrition and male participation in reproduction. That is, characteristics which enable males, during winter, to acquire nutrients for initiating and completing the prealternate molt in advance of other males also may be associated with ability to obtain a mate.

Weight loss in postmenopausal obesity: no adverse alterations in body composition and protein metabolism

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. E124-E131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dympna Gallagher ◽  
Albert J. Kovera ◽  
Gaynelle Clay-Williams ◽  
Denise Agin ◽  
Patricia Leone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Body Protein

We sought to determine if decrements in the mass of fat-free body mass (FFM) and other lean tissue compartments, and related changes in protein metabolism, are appropriate for weight loss in obese older women. Subjects were 14 healthy weight-stable obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) postmenopausal women >55 yr who participated in a 16-wk, 1,200 kcal/day nutritionally complete diet. Measures at baseline and 16 wk included FFM and appendicular lean soft tissue (LST) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; body cell mass (BCM) by 40K whole body counting; total body water (TBW) by tritium dilution; skeletal muscle (SM) by whole body MRI; and fasting whole body protein metabolism through l-[1-13C]leucine kinetics. Mean weight loss (±SD) was 9.6 ± 3.0 kg ( P < 0.0001) or 10.7% of initial body weight. FFM decreased by 2.1 ± 2.6 kg ( P = 0.006), or 19.5% of weight loss, and did not differ from that reported (2.3 ± 0.7 kg). Relative losses of SM, LST, TBW, and BCM were consistent with reductions in body weight and FFM. Changes in [13C]leucine flux, oxidation, and synthesis rates were not significant. Follow-up of 11 subjects at 23.7 ± 5.7 mo showed body weight and fat mass to be below baseline values; FFM was nonsignificantly reduced. Weight loss was accompanied by body composition and protein kinetic changes that appear appropriate for the magnitude of body mass change, thus failing to support the concern that diet-induced weight loss in obese postmenopausal women produces disproportionate LST losses.

scholarly journals PO-100 Analysis of Body Composition and Body Function of Athletes in Freestyle ski Half-pipe National Team

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Hao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
National Team ◽  
Body Function

Objective The objectives were to analyze the body composition and body functions of the freestyle ski half-pipe national team athletes, to understand the body composition characteristics of the athletes , and to explore the relationship between body composition and body function in the sports program, in preparation for 2022 The Winter Olympics provides a theoretical reference. Methods 9 members of the freestyle ski half-pipe national team were used as subjects (average age 15.78±0.97, exercise age 6.38±2.75), and they were tested and analyzed using an ultrasonic body composition tester and Wingate anaerobic power bike. Body composition test indicators: body fat rate, lean body mass. Body function test indicators: maximum anaerobic power.  This paper uses literature, experimental and mathematical statistics. And the mathematical statistics method: using SPSS 2.0 to analyze the data by Pearson correlation. Results 1. The body fat rate of male and female athletes in freestyle half-pipe national team was: 7.60±1.16; 19.75±1.25. The lean body mass of male and female athletes was: 53.8±1.85KG; 44.75±0.62KG. The maximum anaerobic power of male and female athletes in freestyle half-pipe national team was: 453.80±17.87; 345.50±3.01. The lean body mass of male athletes was significantly positively correlated with the maximum anaerobic power (r=0.995, P<0.01). Female athletes' lean body mass was positively correlated with maximum anaerobic power, but not significant. There is no correlation between the body fat rate and the maximum anaerobic power of male and female athletes in the freestyle ski half-pipe national team. Conclusions 1. Freestyle ski half-pipe players have a positive correlation between lean body mass and anaerobic capacity.  According to the characteristics of the sports program, the higher lean body weight has a positive impact on improving the athletic ability and thus ensuring the completion of difficult movements.       2. Due to the relationship between athletes' age and sample size, the data in this paper is only a recommended reference for this sports program. It is not applicable to all programs. It is necessary to continue to supplement the data to establish a body composition evaluation system for the freestyle ski half-pipe team.

scholarly journals Body composition of male and female Chilean powerlifters of varying body mass

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Palma-Lafourcade ◽  
Diego Cisterna ◽  
Jordan Hernandez ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Cristian Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Male And Female
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document