The effect of weather conditions on harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) haulout behaviour in the Moray Firth, northeast Scotland

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1806-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Grellier ◽  
Paul M. Thompson ◽  
Heather M. Corpe
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship

Abundance data from a 6-year study (1988–1993) of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) were used to control for seasonal changes in haulout behaviour and assess the effect of temperature and other weather conditions on haulout numbers at a site in Scotland. A significant relationship between Julian day and haulout numbers was consistent between years. In some years, there was also a significant relationship between ambient temperature and haulout numbers, but examination of the residuals around the relationship between haulout numbers and Julian day revealed no evidence for a consistent effect of temperature, wind speed, or wind-chill adjusted temperatures. A weak negative relationship between haulout numbers and both precipitation and cloud cover did exist, but these variables explained little of the variation in seal numbers.

The Influence of Physical Examples on Originality and Fixation in Engineering Design

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Simmons ◽  
Trina C. Kershaw ◽  
Alexander LeGendre ◽  
Sankha Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Garbage Collection ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Engineering Program ◽  
The Relationship

Improving creativity in engineering design continues to be a challenge. The relationship between fixation and creativity within engineering is mixed, as engineers desire to be innovative, yet are usually working from their existing knowledge to redesign existing products. In the current study, we wanted to examine the influence of physical examples on originality and fixation at the freshmen and senior level in a Mechanical Engineering program. We compared concepts for garbage collection systems generated by two groups — one provided with an example product (Example group), and another who did not receive an example product (No Example group). Using metrics established in prior publications, we found that seniors had higher levels of originality than freshmen whether an example product was received or not, reinforcing our previous findings. Fixation scores were higher for the group that did have an example. Receiving an example product was not a predictor of originality on its own, but did interact with curriculum and fixation level. Within the group that received an example product, there was a negative relationship between fixation and originality, particularly for the seniors. Within the group that did not receive an example product, there was no significant relationship between fixation and originality. Further analysis of our results are required to delineate how not receiving an example product influences design approach in freshmen and senior engineering students.

Prey selection by harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, in relation to variations in prey abundance

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1508-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic J. Tollit ◽  
Paul M. Thompson ◽  
Simon P. R. Greenstreet
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
Time Periods

This study compared the composition of the diet of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) feeding in the Moray Firth, Scotland, with the abundance of their fish prey estimated from dedicated fishery surveys in January 1992 and 1994 and June 1992. Prey-size selection was also examined in these three time periods and in January 1991. In each period, the most abundant fish species contributed most to the diet. However, the relative abundances of the remaining species in the sea showed little similarity to their contribution to the seals' diet. Diet composition was almost totally dominated by either pelagic species or species dwelling on or strongly associated with the seabed, depending upon the relative abundance of pelagic schooling prey. Most fish consumed were 10–16 cm in length, although larger cod and herring were taken. With the exception of cod, the extent of size selection was dependent upon the use of correction factors that accounted for otolith erosion due to digestion.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Parental Treatment Styles and Early Discovery of Learning Difficulties among Pre-school Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Khadeja M. Badr
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
The Family ◽  
Parental Treatment ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to explore the relationship between the parenting style and discovery of learning disabilities in early childhood education. The study used a sample of Egyptian parents to investigate the parenting style followed in the family. Also, the study investigated the family awareness and interest in the discovery and treatment of learning difficulties. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between parenting style and discovery of child’s learning difficulties in the early stages. The results also showed that there was a significant relationship between positive parenting styles and discovering of learning difficulties. However, there was a negative relationship between negative parenting styles and discovery of learning difficulties in early childhood. The study recommended the need to provide appropriate training and guidance programs of positive parenting and avoid the negative methods of raising children.

scholarly journals Hubungan Penyesuaian Diri Dengan Agresivitas pada Anggota TNI AD KODAM IX/UDAYANA di Bali

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Pratama Oktaveriyanto ◽  
David Hizkia Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
P Value ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Behavior reflects the aggressiveness of the individual, as often occurs in Indonesia. One of many events has reflected the aggressiveness of the Army’s members. These events make the people become restless. A member of the Army in a period of education is trained hard, discipline, and will obey the command, in order to be prepared to maintain the sovereignty of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). This situation is not only giving an impact to the members of the Army, but also for their social interaction. A member of the army must be ready placed anywhere and anytime accordance with the instructions given by the institution. One of the factors that can affect the aggressiveness is adaptability. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between adjustment and aggressiveness to the Army KODAM Members IX/Udayana, in Bali.Subjects of this study were 439 members of the Army KODAM IX/Udayana in Bali which consists of eight entities supervised by the institution KODAM IX/Udayana. The instrument of this research is the scale of adjustment and scale of aggressiveness that has tested the validity and reliability of the scale and has a scale adjustment to the value of ? = 0.856; aggressiveness scale with the value ? = 0.913.The analysis showed the P value or Sig. 0.000 (p <0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between the adjustment to the aggressiveness of the Army KODAM IX/Udayana members in Bali. Score correlation coefficient between the two variables showed R= -0.562 which means that the strength of the relationship between the two variables in a medium category, as the value of r lies in the range 0.400-0.599, and has a negative relationship or in opposite directions. R²= 0.31472, means that the variable adjustment donated 31% of the variable aggressivenessKeywords: Adjustment, Aggressiveness, Members of the ArmyKODAMIX/UDAYANA in Bali

Correlates of seasonal changes in metabolism in Atlantic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1520-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Rosen ◽  
D Renouf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Gross Energy

This study tested the hypothesis that seasonal variation in resting metabolic rate (RMR) was more closely related to changes in total energy use than to energy intake. It also quantified the extent to which variation in metabolism contributed to changes in total energy expenditure. RMR, gross energy intake, and body mass and composition were measured in six captive Atlantic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) over 16 months. Gross energy intake during the year (across all seals) averaged 25.4 ± 4.1 MJ/d (mean ± SD). The energy used by the seals Eused a composite measure of energy expenditure from ingested energy and tissue catabolism) averaged 19.2 ± 3.4 MJ/d. RMR averaged 11.2 ± 1.5 MJ/d during the year, while mass-corrected metabolism declined with age. The seals displayed significant changes in both absolute and mass-corrected metabolism during the year. Overall, Eused was a stronger predictor of changes in metabolism than either gross energy intake or body mass. Mass-corrected metabolic rate was more closely related to Eused than was absolute metabolism. Energy changes in metabolism during the year (range = 6.9 ± 1.9 MJ/d) were minor compared with those in Eused (27.8 ± 7.3 MJ/d). These results suggest that seasonal changes in metabolism were a response to, or facilitated by, concurrent changes in Eused but were not the cause of variation in Eused. Rather, variation in both RMR and Eused was the result of changes in other bioenergetic components of the seals' energy budget, such as activity.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Social Adjustment and Resilience with Attitudes Towards Drugs in High School Boy and Girl Students

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiollah Hezarian ◽  
Saeed Bakhtiarpour ◽  
Reza Pasha ◽  
Parviz Asgari ◽  
Fariba Hafezi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
School Students ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Girl Students

Background: Drug abuse and its destructive consequences are among challenging issues concerning students’ health. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of social adjustment and resilience with attitude towards drugs in boy and girl students of Lali City. Methods: The study was a descriptive correlational study performed by path analysis. The study population included 1500 boy and girl high school students of Lali City in the academic year of 2017 - 2018, among whom 133 boys and 142 girls were selected through multistage stratified sampling and using Cochran’s formula. Research instruments included Bell’s Adjustment Inventory (BAI) for Students, the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC), and the Drug Attitude scale (DAS). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The results revealed a significant negative relationship between social adjustment and girl students’ attitudes towards drugs (P < 0.001); however, there was no significant relationship between social adjustment and attitudes towards drugs in boy students. Meanwhile, there was no direct and significant relationship between resilience and attitudes towards drugs in boy and girl students. On the other hand, a significant positive relationship was observed between resilience and social adjustment in boys (P < 0.01) and girls (P < 0.05). The indirect impact of resilience on the students’ attitudes towards drugs, mediated by social adjustment, was not significant. Conclusions: Resilience reduces stress, and as a result, students with more resilience seem to have better coping skills, higher social adjustment, and negative attitudes towards drugs.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Spiritual Health and Mother’s Forgiveness With Her Anxiety in the Labor of the Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Dehestani ◽  
Zeinab Moshfeghy ◽  
Fatemeh Ghodrati ◽  
Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Delivery is a painful process and may impose different mental effects on the mother. The present study investigated the relationship between forgiveness and spiritual well-being on the mother’s anxiety during her labor. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study. The research population included all the pregnant women who referred to three maternity hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. In addition, the sample contained 200 pregnant women (both the prime and multiparous mothers) based on multiple regression analysis and 10 samples were selected for each variable of the study. The Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Health Scale, Pollard Forgiveness Scale in Family and Spielberger’s questionnaire were used to collect the data. Results: Based on Pearson correlation test, variables of the study demonstrated a significant relationship and the correlations between spiritual health and trait anxiety of the mothers, state anxiety, and the total score of anxiety were r=-0.329, -0.385, and -0.363, respectively. Further, a significant relationship was observed between mother forgiveness and mother’s anxiety (r= -0.352), the state anxiety (r = -0.39), and the anxiety variable (r = -0.377) (P = 0.001). Conclusions: In general, there was a significant negative relationship between spiritual health and forgiveness with the state, trait, and overall score of anxiety.

Loneliness and Internet Addiction Among University Students

2019 ◽  
pp. 382-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayfer Aydiner Boylu ◽  
Gülay Günay
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was designed to determine the relationship between loneliness and Internet addiction, based on a sample of young generation from Turkey. Participants in this study were students of the Hacettepe University in Ankara, Turkey (n = 440). Findings show that there is a statistically significant relationship (p <0.05) between students' Internet addiction and only the grade they are studying. According to the correlation analysis, it was found that there is a negative relationship between the loneliness of students and the time they spend on the internet, and a positive relationship between internet addiction and age of students. Moreover, it was found that the age, time spent on the Internet and loneliness of university students were important determinants of Internet addiction.

Changes in pituitary, ovarian, and testicular activity in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in relation to season and sexual maturity

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
K J Gardiner ◽  
I L Boyd ◽  
B K Follett ◽  
P A Racey ◽  
P JH Reijnders
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Photoperiodic Control ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Of Year

This study examined pituitary sensitivity to exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in relation to time of year and changes in plasma progesterone, testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations during the annual cycle of adult and juvenile harbour seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina). There was no significant difference in seasonal changes in reproductive hormone levels between six captive individuals and seals caught from the wild (n = 80). Based on results from both the captive and the wild individuals, the plasma progesterone concentration was elevated in late gestation, whereas it declined at the equivalent time in nonpregnant females. The progesterone concentration was also elevated during the phase of delayed implantation, but there was no difference between pregnant and nonpregnant seals. In captive seals given exogenous GnRH, the LH concentration peaked 10-20 min after injection of GnRH, and the magnitude of the LH response depended upon the dose up to ~120 ng·kg-1. FSH did not respond to GnRH in the time course of the experiment. Pituitary sensitivity to GnRH was greatest in the summer and autumn and lowest in the winter and spring. Seasonal changes in pituitary sensitivity were apparent in both adults and juveniles. There was evidence that three of the four juvenile seals attained puberty during the study. We conclude that the seasonal patterns of pituitary sensitivity and plasma hormone concentration in harbour seals are consistent with a reproductive cycle under photoperiodic control and with the general mechanisms underlying photoperiodic control of seasonal reproduction in higher vertebrates.

Linking Transparency to Trust in Government and Voice

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Porumbescu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Government Website ◽  
Website Use

The objective of this study is to provide a more nuanced assessment of the relationship between public sector transparency and trust in government. Specifically, we examine how different tools used to enhance transparency—social media and e-government websites—relate to citizens’ perceptions of government trustworthiness. We then examine how these relationships vary according to how frequently citizens exercise voice. Findings indicate respondents’ use of public sector social media is positively related to perceptions of government trustworthiness. E-government website use lacks a significant relationship to perceptions of government trustworthiness. However, a strong negative relationship emerged between e-government website use and perceptions of trustworthiness as respondents’ frequency of voice increased.

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