WHERE DOES THE SPEEDUP GO: QUANTITATIVE MODELING OF PERFORMANCE LOSSES IN SHARED-MEMORY PROGRAMS

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEON WOOK KIM ◽  
RUDOLF EIGENMANN
Keyword(s):  
Shared Memory ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Optimal Program ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Model Components ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hardware Counters

Even fully parallel shared-memory program sections may perform significantly below the ideal speedup of P on P processors. Relatively little quantitative information is available about the sources of such inefficiencies. In this paper we present a speedup component model that is able to fully account for sources of performance loss in parallel program sections. The model categorizes the gap between measured and ideal speedup into the four components memory stalls, processor stalls, code overhead, and thread management overhead. These model components are measured based on hardware counters and timers, with which programs are instrumented automatically by our compiler. The speedup component model allows us, for the first time, to quantitatively state the reasons for less-than-optimal program performance, on a program section basis. The overhead components are chosen such that they can be associated directly with software and hardware techniques that may improve performance. Although general, our model is especially suited for the analysis of loop-oriented programs, such as those written in the OpenMP API. We have applied this model to compare three parallel code generation schemes for the Polaris parallelizing compiler. It helps us answer questions such as, what sources of inefficiencies are present in compiler-parallelized programs. To discuss the question we have also implemented an alternative, thread-based code generation method.

Past, Present and Future of Analytical Stems

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
C. Colliex
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
General Level ◽  
Chemical Mapping ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Fundamental Limits ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
First Time ◽  
Major Emphasis

Twenty five years ago, in august 1976, a specialist workshop gathered in Cornell University, at John Silcox's invitation, scientists covering a broad spectrum of interests to assess the potential of analytical electron microscopy, as to instrumentation, fundamental limits, general level of data processing and current theoretical understanding. If the STEM instrument had already been existing for a few years in Crewe's laboratory, its major emphasis, in spite of the existence of an EELS spectrometer, had focused on new modes of high resolution imaging. At the first Cornell workshop, the STEM instrument was for the first time recognized as a potentially formidable analytical instrument because of the possibility of extracting all available signals simultaneously. Furthermore it was directly suitable for digital computer processing and therefore for providing quantitative information. It was also pointed out that a major advantage of the STEM would be its potential to record EELS spectra from every point in the field of view as one scans an area to form an image, thus offering the capability of "chemical" mapping beyond "elemental" mapping.

The Rapid Modeling and Application of Optimization in Management and Organization for Mini Harbour

2011 ◽  
Vol 422 ◽  
pp. 310-313
Author(s):  
Fa Ming Li ◽  
You Xin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Software Component ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Software Enterprise ◽  
Component Software ◽  
Enterprise Model ◽  
Enterprise Models ◽  
Model Components ◽  
Rapid Modeling

In order to optimize the managing mechanism and setup organization, With the help of the concept of software component and component software, enterprise model components and component-based enterprise models were presented in this paper. In this way, Acomponent-based port model can be created rapidly and efficiently, the celerity managing component model of library is establish .

Interpretation of the regional gravity and magnetic surveys of Wales, using shaded relief and Euler deconvolution techniques

1992 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. W. McDonald ◽  
C. J. N. Fletchert ◽  
R. M. Carruthers ◽  
D. Wilson ◽  
R. B. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Euler Deconvolution ◽  
Solution Maps ◽  
Gravity And Magnetic ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
Deconvolution Techniques ◽  
Regional Gravity ◽  
Automated Procedures ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shaded Relief

AbstractRegional gravity and aeromagnetic data of Wales have been processed using a variety of techniques. Image processing has greatly assisted qualitative interpretation, whilst automated procedures have provided additional quantitative information. The shaded relief images emphasize gradients in the potential fields, and are useful for displaying strong linear features. The Euler deconvolution method produces plotted solution maps, which define the position of the source of the gravity and magnetic anomalies. Euler solution maps of Wales and the adjacent continental shelf are presented for the first time. These maps are interpreted in relation to the known geology, with special emphasis on the Lower Palaeozoic Welsh Basin. It is proposed that the Euler solutions define a network of fault-bounded blocks within the Precambrian basement.

scholarly journals Measuring Agarwood Formation Ratio Quantitatively by Fluorescence Spectral Imaging Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botao Huang ◽  
Duykien Nguyen ◽  
Tianyi Liu ◽  
Kaibin Jiang ◽  
Jinfen Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Essential Work ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
Area Percentage ◽  
First Time

Agarwood is a kind of important and precious traditional Chinese medicine. With the decreasing of natural agarwood, artificial cultivation has become more and more important in recent years. Quantifying the formation of agarwood is an essential work which could provide information for guiding cultivation and controlling quality. But people only can judge the amount of agarwood qualitatively by experience before. Fluorescence multispectral imaging method is presented to measure the agarwood quantitatively in this paper. A spectral cube from 450 nm to 800 nm was captured under the 365 nm excitation sources. The nonagarwood, agarwood, and rotten wood in the same sample were distinguished based on analyzing the spectral cube. Then the area ratio of agarwood to the whole sample was worked out, which is the quantitative information of agarwood area percentage. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the formation of agarwood was quantified accurately and nondestructively.

scholarly journals A Case Study on the Design and Implementation of a Platform for Hand Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Tomaž Kosar ◽  
Zhenli Lu ◽  
Marjan Mernik ◽  
Marjan Horvat ◽  
Matej Črepinšek
Keyword(s):  
Code Generation ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Hand Rehabilitation ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Natural Domain ◽  
Rehabilitation Technology ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Rehabilitation Devices

Rehabilitation aids help people with temporal or permanent disabilities during the rehabilitation process. However, these solutions are usually expensive and, consequently, inaccessible outside of professional medical institutions. Rapid advances in software development, Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, and additive manufacturing open up a way to affordable rehabilitation solutions, even to the general population. Imagine a rehabilitation aid constructed from accessible software and hardware with local production. Many obstacles exist to using such technology, starting with the development of unified software for custom-made devices. In this paper, we address open issues in designing rehabilitation aids by proposing an extensive rehabilitation platform. To demonstrate our concept, we developed a unique platform, RehabHand. The main idea is to use domain-specific language and code generation techniques to enable loosely coupled software and hardware solutions. The main advantage of such separation is support for modular and a higher abstraction level by enabling therapists to write rehabilitation exercises in natural, domain-specific terminology and share them with patients. The same platform provides a hardware-independent part that facilitates the integration of new rehabilitation devices. Experience in implementing RehabHand with three different rehabilitation devices confirms that such rehabilitation technology can be developed, and shows that implementing a hardware-independent rehabilitation platform might not be as challenging as expected.

scholarly journals THE RUSSIAN’S DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY AS A TECHNICAL BASIS OF INFORMATION SECURITY

2016 ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
V. V. Bukharin
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

The article deals with the problem of the emergence of concept of "information sovereignty" in Russia, the prospects for its practical and theoretical introduction to the scientific revolution. The problem of "information sovereignty" in the normative documents of Russia, China and other Countries is examined. The focus of the article, first time in the domestic and foreign historiography, the technical aspects of independence in the field of digital technologies is analyzed. In this connection, the most important components of digital sovereignty is analyzed, technically ensuring national security. The author concludes that the main feature of the Russian technical resources to ensure the sovereignty of the information is fragmentary and uneven in the development of its components. The greatest progress has been made in the development of components such as the Russian search engines, social networks, national segment of "Internet"and the navigation system. Russian software and hardware require to ensure the accelerated development of information sovereignty, Russia's national security. The greatest attention should be Russian payment system, because this issue is directly dependent on the direction of development of the national economy. The problem of information sovereignty is largely related to issues of public decision-making, in bringing regulatory and legislative framework in line with the national security concept of the country.

scholarly journals Rhodolith Beds Heterogeneity along the Apulian Continental Shelf (Mediterranean Sea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Giovanni Chimienti ◽  
Lucia Rizzo ◽  
Sara Kaleb ◽  
Annalisa Falace ◽  
Simonetta Fraschetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Ecosystem Goods And Services ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Eu

Rhodolith beds represent a key habitat worldwide, from tropical to polar ecosystems. Despite this habitat is considered a hotspot of biodiversity, providing a suite of ecosystem goods and services, still scarce quantitative information is available thus far about rhodolith beds occurrence and ecological role, especially in the Mediterranean Sea. This study reports the composition and patterns of distribution of rhodolith assemblages found in four study areas along ca. 860 km of coast in the Central Mediterranean Sea. These rhodolith beds were studied for the first time and significant differences at all spatial scales have been highlighted, documenting the high variability of this habitat. Rhodolith species composition, morphology and distribution have been discussed considering the potential role of environmental factors in driving these patterns. The need for improving their protection is discussed to complement present conservation and management initiatives, particularly in the frame of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive.

scholarly journals Identification and quantitation of lipid C=C location isomers: A shotgun lipidomics approach enabled by photochemical reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 2573-2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Ma ◽  
Leelyn Chong ◽  
Ran Tian ◽  
Riyi Shi ◽  
Tony Y. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Shotgun Lipidomics ◽  
First Time

The field of lipidomics has been significantly advanced by mass spectrometric analysis. The distinction and quantitation of the unsaturated lipid isomers, however, remain a long-standing challenge. In this study, we have developed an analytical tool for both identification and quantitation of lipid C=C location isomers from complex mixtures using online Paternò–Büchi reaction coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The potential of this method has been demonstrated with an implementation into shotgun lipid analysis of animal tissues. Among 96 of the unsaturated fatty acids and glycerophospholipids identified from rat brain tissue, 50% of them were found as mixtures of C=C location isomers; for the first time, to our knowledge, the quantitative information of lipid C=C isomers from a broad range of classes was obtained. This method also enabled facile cross-tissue examinations, which revealed significant changes in C=C location isomer compositions of a series of fatty acids and glycerophospholipid (GP) species between the normal and cancerous tissues.

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