scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LOAD CARRIAGE AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL BOYS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. SHASMIN ◽  
N. A. ABU OSMAN ◽  
R. RAZALI ◽  
J. USMAN ◽  
W. A. B. WAN ABAS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Trunk Inclination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
The Impact

Backpack carrying is a considerable daily "occupational" load among schoolchildren. Most of the research on children's backpacks have focused on gait pattern and trunk forward lean; only a few researches have investigated the impact of backpack carrying on children using the measurements of static posture and gait kinetics. This study investigated the changes in ground reaction force (GRF) and trunk inclination among primary students when carrying heavy backpacks. A randomized controlled experimental study was conducted on seven boys aged between 9 and 11 years old with a similar body mass index. Observations were done when the boys were carrying school bags of 0% (as control), 10%, 15%, and 20% of their own body weight while walking normally. Data acquisition was carried out using force platforms and a 3D motion analysis system. A significant difference in GRF at a load of 20% of body weight was found: the vertical GRF increased almost three times when loads increased up to 20% of body weight compared to 10% of body weight. The anterior–posterior GRFs were asymmetrical when loads were increased. When carrying a load of 15% of body weight, all of the seven subjects adopted a compensatory trunk inclination. The emphasis on GRF and trunk inclination suggests that the safest load applied does not exceed 15% of body weight.

Compromised Dynamic Postural Stability Under Increased Load Carriage Magnitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Alice D. LaGoy ◽  
Caleb Johnson ◽  
Katelyn F. Allison ◽  
Shawn D. Flanagan ◽  
Mita T. Lovalekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamic Postural Stability ◽  
Force Data

Warfighter performance may be compromised through the impact of load carriage on dynamic postural stability. Men and women may experience this impact to differing extents due to postural stability differences. Therefore, the authors investigated the effect of load magnitude on dynamic postural stability in men and women during a landing and stabilization task. Dynamic postural stability of 32 subjects (16 women) was assessed during the unilateral landing of submaximal jumps under 3 load conditions: +0%, +20%, and +30% body weight. Dynamic postural stability was measured using the dynamic postural stability index, which is calculated from ground reaction force data sampled at 1200 Hz. Two-way mixed-measures analysis of variance compared dynamic postural stability index scores between sexes and loads. Dynamic postural stability index scores were significantly affected by load (P = .001) but not by sex or by the sex by load interaction (P > .05). Dynamic postural stability index scores increased between the 0% (0.359 ± 0.041), 20% (0.396 ± 0.034), and 30% (0.420 ± 0.028) body weight conditions. Increased load negatively affects dynamic postural stability with similar performance decrements displayed by men and women. Men and women warfighters may experience similar performance decrements under load carriage conditions of similar relative magnitudes.

Impact of Weight-Band Dosing of Tinzaparin for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis on Persistent Wound Drainage in Adult Patients Undergoing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
pp. 106002802110242
Author(s):  
Cassandra Cooper ◽  
Ouida Antle ◽  
Jennifer Lowerison ◽  
Deonne Dersch-Mills ◽  
Ashley Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Total Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Thromboembolism Prophylaxis ◽  
Wound Drainage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Persistent wound drainage and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are potential complications of total joint arthroplasty, and these risks can be challenging to balance in clinical practice. Anecdotal observation has suggested that following joint arthroplasty, persistent wound drainage occurs more frequently with higher body weight and higher doses of tinzaparin when compared with lower body weight and lower doses of tinzaparin. Objective: The overall purpose of this study was to describe the impact of a tinzaparin weight-band dosing table for VTE prophylaxis on wound healing, thrombosis, and bleeding outcomes in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Methods: This retrospective chart review included patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty and received tinzaparin for thromboprophylaxis per their weight-banding category. The primary outcome was the incidence of persistent wound drainage. Secondary outcomes include the occurrence of VTE and clinically important bleeding during hospital admission. Results: A total of 231 patients were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in persistent wound drainage between the 3 weight categories, and there were no differences in rates of VTE or clinically important bleeding. Concurrent use of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of persistent wound drainage (risk ratio = 3.35; 95% CI = 2.14-5.24; P = 0.00003). Conclusion and Relevance: In joint arthroplasty patients, we observed no significant difference in rates of persistent wound drainage between various weight categories receiving different weight-banded doses of tinzaparin. Our results do not suggest that the current weight-band dosing table for tinzaparin needs to be adjusted to optimize patient outcomes.

scholarly journals A kinematics analysis of the lower limb during running with different sports shoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Lin Fu ◽  
Yaodong Gu ◽  
Qichang Mei ◽  
Julien S Baker ◽  
Justin Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Sports Shoes

The study aimed to investigate the differences in lower limb joint angles during running with three different sports shoes: basketball shoes, football shoes, and running shoes. Fifteen male subjects (age: 25 ± 2.2 years, height: 1.79 ± 0.05 m, and mass: 70.8 ± 3.4 kg) were asked to run on a treadmill at their preferred running speed. The Vicon 3D motion analysis system was used to capture the kinematics of the lower extremity during running. A one-way analysis of variance was used to determine whether any statistical significance existed between the three types of shoes (α < 0.05). Significant differences existed in the lower limb joints between the three sports shoes, particularly at the knee joint. Running shoes presented more knee flexion than basketball shoes and football shoes. In the frontal plane, basketball shoes showed less knee abduction than running shoes and football shoes. No significant difference occurred in ankle external rotation between basketball shoes and football shoes, and both of them presented greater range of motion of the ankle and knee than running shoes.

scholarly journals Effect of intermittent versus continuous calorie restriction on body weight and cardiometabolic risk markers in subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Maroofi ◽  
Javad Nasrollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Background Intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) is a novel method of dietary restriction for body weight control with the potential to improve obesity-related cardiometabolic markers, but the impact of this diet on subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) remains unknown. Methods Eighty-eight subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate HTG were randomized to the continuous calorie restriction (CCR) group, or ICR group (a very low-calorie diet during 3 days of the week) for 8 weeks (44 patients in each group). Body composition, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and liver enzymes were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results The body weight decreased in both groups (4.07 ± 1.83 kg in the CCR group and 4.57 ± 2.21 kg in the ICR group) with no significant difference between the groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the reduced amount of fat mass, fat-free mass, and waist circumference. Both groups achieved a significant reduction in plasma triglycerides after 8 weeks (by 15.6 and 6.3% in ICR and CCR groups, respectively) with no difference between treatment groups. HOMA-IR improved significantly in ICR compared to the CCR group (P = 0.03). Plasma glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzyme, and adiponectin were not different between the two groups. Conclusions The results of this short-term study suggest that three-days a week of the ICR is comparable to a CCR diet for the reduction of triglycerides level in patients with HTG and in the short-term it appears to be more effective than continuous dieting in improving insulin resistance. However, longer-term studies are needed to confirm these findings. Trial registration Trial registration number:NCT04143971.

scholarly journals The Kinematics and Kinetics Analysis of the Lower Extremity in the Landing Phase of a Stop-jump Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Yin ◽  
D Sun ◽  
Q.C Mei ◽  
Y.D Gu ◽  
J.S Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Large number of studies showed that landing with great impact forces may be a risk factor for knee injuries. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the different landing loads to lower extremity of both genders and examine the relationships among selected lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the landing of a stop-jump task. A total of 35 male and 35 female healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Each subject executed five experiment actions. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were synchronously acquired. The comparison of lower extremity kinematics for different genders showed significant difference. The knee and hip maximum flexion angle, peak ground reaction force and peak knee extension moment have significantly decreased during the landing of the stop-jump task among the female subjects. The hip flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase showed significant correlation with peak ground reaction force during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.927, p<0.001). The knee flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase had significant correlation with peak ground reaction force and vertical ground reaction forces during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.908, p<0.001; r=0.812, P=0.002). A large hip and knee flexion angles at the initial foot contact with the ground did not necessarily reduce the impact force during landing, but active hip and knee flexion motions did. The hip and knee flexion motion of landing was an important technical factor that affects anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during the landing of the stop-jump task.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Obesity: Biomechanical and Physiological Key Concepts

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Nantel ◽  
Marie-Eve Mathieu ◽  
François Prince
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Structure ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact

Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) are often associated with low levels of physical activity. Physical activity is recommended to reduce excess body weight, prevent body weight regain, and decrease the subsequent risks of developing metabolic and orthopedic conditions. However, the impact of OW and OB on motor function and daily living activities must be taken into account. OW and OB are associated with musculoskeletal structure changes, decreased mobility, modification of the gait pattern, and changes in the absolute and relative energy expenditures for a given activity. While changes in the gait pattern have been reported at the ankle, knee, and hip, modifications at the knee level might be the most challenging for articular integrity. This review of the literature combines concepts and aims to provide insights into the prescription of physical activity for this population. Topics covered include the repercussions of OW and OB on biomechanical and physiological responses associated with the musculoskeletal system and daily physical activity. Special attention is given to the effect of OW and OB in youth during postural (standing) and various locomotor (walking, running, and cycling) activities.

The Effects of Tuning an Ankle-Foot Orthosis Footwear Combination on Kinematics and Kinetics of the Knee Joint of an Adult with Hemiplegia

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavi C. Jagadamma ◽  
Elaine Owen ◽  
Fiona J. Coutts ◽  
Janet Herman ◽  
Jacqueline Yirrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Knee Hyperextension ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Spatial Parameters ◽  
Analysis System

The effects of tuning the AFO footwear combination (AFOFC) for an adult with post-stroke hemiplegia were investigated. Gait analysis and tuning were carried out using a Vicon 3D motion analysis system and two force plates. Tuning of the AFOFC was accomplished by gradually modifying its design over a number of gait trials, to achieve optimal (i.e., as close as possible to normal, within the capability of the patient) knee kinematics and alignment of the Ground Reaction Force vector (GRF) relative to the knee joint. Heel wedges and a stiff rocker were used to tune mid-stance and terminal stance, respectively. Temporal-spatial parameters and selected kinetic and kinematic variables were compared between the non-tuned AFOFC, the tuned AFOFC immediately after tuning, and the tuned AFOFC after three months. There were several changes after three months compared to the non-tuned AFOFC, including improvement in stride length and a reduction in knee hyperextension. A subjective reduction in knee pain and improvement in function were also reported. The feasibility and the lack of objective evidence of tuning AFOFCs as a part of a clinical service need to be addressed in future research.

scholarly journals Relationship between body weight and leptin concentrations in mink dams and the birth parameters of kits

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bryl ◽  
Hanna Bis-Wencel ◽  
Brygida Ślaska ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Zbigniew Bełkot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the leptin concentration and body weight of mink females on the birth parameters of their kits. Blood samples were collected 3 times during preparation for reproduction, 7±2 days before mating. Total leptin concentration in serum was measured using commercial RIA kits (Millipore, St. Charles, Missouri USA). Research was conducted on 20 clinically healthy scanbrown female minks (Neovison Vison) aged 2-3 years. To evaluate their body condition, the females were divided into two groups based on the BCS scoring system. In the first group, referred to as BCS 2, lean females were included, and the second group (BCS 4) consisted of obese females. In mink dams belonging to BCS 2, the average leptin values were one-fourth of those in the BCS 4 group. The results obtained indicate the influence of the body mass of minks during preparation for reproduction on serum leptin concentration. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference between weights and leptin concentrations in groups BCS 2 and BCS 4. Among the other traits, such differences were not found. The analysis of results obtained in the two mink groups did not reveal a clear relationship between leptin in the serum of mothers before mating and the birth parameters of their kits.

scholarly journals Assessment of Psycho-emotional Distress Due to Age, Body Mass Index, and Marital Status in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in North Indian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-375
Author(s):  
Fauzia Tabassum ◽  
Hemali Heidi Sinha ◽  
Kavita Dhar ◽  
Chandra Jyoti ◽  
Md Sayeed Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder in reproductive age having a greater impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was to find out PCOS demographics and its related HRQOL effects for improving psychological understanding in disease management. Materials and Methods: A prospective questionnaire-based study was conducted for a period of twelve months at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India. The data of 100 PCOS cases were collected about socio-demographic status, clinical history, and dietary intake. Then, a validated PCOS questionnaire (PCOSQ) was used to observe the impact of PCOS symptoms on patients’ HRQOL. Results: The overall 57% and 48% of PCOS cases belonged to the age range of 20-30 years and had a body mass index (BMI) of >25-30, respectively. Based on the results, a significant difference was observed in the mean score of PCOSQ vs. marital status in PCOS cases with respect to emotion (P=0.039), body weight (P=0.002), and infertility (P=0.001). Furthermore, the result showed a significant difference in the domain of emotion (P=0.008), body hair (P=0.035), body weight (P<0.001), and infertility (P=0.018) among BMI group, and a high score was observed in the BMI group <18 in comparison to the other groups of BMI. Conclusions: In general, our findings indicated that infertility, emotions, and BMI had extremely higher impacts on the HRQOL of women suffering from PCOS although their educational status failed to affect HRQOL.

CLINICAL GAIT ANALYSIS OF SUBJECTS WITH TRANS-FEMORAL AMPUTATION USING POLYCENTRIC FOUR-BAR LINKAGE PROSTHETIC KNEE JOINT

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050021
Author(s):  
RAJESH KUMAR MOHANTY ◽  
STHIRPRANJYAN BISWAL ◽  
PABITRA KUMAR SAHOO ◽  
SAKTI PRASAD DAS ◽  
R. C. MOHANTY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Bar Linkage

Background: Adequate research is not reported so far to underline the influence of commonly used polycentric knee joints on gait performance of subjects with trans-femoral amputation. Objective: The intent of this investigation is to analyze prosthetic gait of unilateral traumatic trans-femoral amputees with polycentric four-bar linkage knee and compare it with normal subjects for evaluating any asymmetry in gait performance. Methods: Objective three-dimensional gait analysis of 15 subjects [mean (age): 36.4 (10.7) years] were performed in gait lab through force plate and optoelectronic devices to measure temporal-spatial parameters, kinematic and kinetic performances. Gait patterns of amputees were compared with those of 15 individuals with normal gait to analyze distinct functionalities of existing polycentric knee. Results: Asymmetry in gait was observed between amputees and normal subjects for all variables concerned ([Formula: see text]). Amputee gait was with significantly lesser velocity, cadence with shorter step and stride length. There was significantly less hip, knee and pelvic motions, however, pelvic obliquity and rotation did not show significant difference from the normal subjects. The vertical component of the ground reaction force differed significantly between prosthetic and intact limb [49.7 (8.5)% and 90.4 (7.4)% body weight] and also from normal subjects [107.5 (2.4)% body weight] during stance ([Formula: see text]). Interpretation and Conclusion: This difference may be attributed to nonproportionate loading of limbs and mechanical adaptations for counteracting deficiencies of prosthetic side. This study will help to explain gait asymmetry in trans-femoral amputees and to identify underlying mechanisms to enhance the quality of the existing design of prosthetic knee through optimizing design parameters and utilizing appropriate materials.

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