LIMITATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF ICA FOR SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING HAND GESTURES

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 281-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJUWARI DJUWARI ◽  
DINESH K. KUMAR ◽  
SRIDHAR P. ARJUNAN ◽  
GANESH R. NAIK
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Surface Electromyogram ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Mixing Matrix ◽  
High Level ◽  
Bioelectric Signals

Surface electromyogram (SEMG) has numerous applications, but the presence of artifacts and cross talk especially at low level of muscle activity makes the recordings unreliable. Spectral and temporal overlap can make the removal of artifacts and noise, or separation of relevant signals from other bioelectric signals extremely difficult. Identification of hand gestures using low level of SEMG is one application that has a number of applications but the presence of high level of cross talk makes such an application highly unreliable. Individual muscles may be considered as independent at the local level and this makes an argument for separating the signals using independent component analysis (ICA). In the recent past, due to the easy availability of ICA tools, a number of researchers have attempted to use ICA for this application. This paper reports research conducted to evaluate the use of ICA for the separation of muscle activity and removal of the artifacts from SEMG. It discusses some of the conditions that could affect the reliability of the separation and evaluates issues related to the properties of the signals and a number of sources. This paper also identifies the lack of suitable measure of quality of separation for bioelectric signals and it recommends and tests a more robust measure of separation. This paper also proposes semi-blind ICA approach with the combination of prior knowledge of SEMG sources with ICA to identify hand gestures using low level of SEMG recordings. The theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that ICA is suitable for SEMG signals. The results demonstrate the limitations of such applications due to the inability of the system to identify the correct order and magnitude of the signals. This paper determines the suitability of the use of error between estimated and actual mixing matrix as a mean for identifying the quality of separation of the output. This work also demonstrates that semi-blind ICA can accurately identify complex hand gestures from the low-level SEMG recordings.

Morphological traits of the development of the skin and wool cover in sheep of Prikatunsky meat and wool type

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
I. I. Dmitrik ◽  
G. V. Zavgorodnyaya ◽  
M. I. Pavlova ◽  
N. A. Podkorytov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Body Side ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Research Material ◽  
High Level ◽  
Significant Factors

A large number of works are devoted to the development of the skin and hair cover of sheep, depending on their breed affiliation, age, feeding conditions and housing. The authors point out that along with other conditions the quality of wool and wool clip is greatly influenced by the conditions of the feeding of animals. A high level of feeding increases the wool clip and improves the quality of the wool and vice versa a low level reduces, causes thinning and worsens other physical properties of the wool. As is known, one of the significant factors that determine the increase in wool clip is the size of the animal and, consequently, the total area of the skin. The purpose of the research was to investigate the morphological traits of the development of the skin and wool cover in sheep of Prikatunsky meat and wool type. The research material was wool samples from four topographic areas of the animal’s body (side/thigh/back/belly) and skin (side) of different sex and age groups, selected from the animals of the studied groups. In the course of research, the quality of wool and indicators of the histostructure of the skin of Prikatunsky meat and wool type of sheep have been investigated. In terms of thick-haired of wool, replacement rams and gimbers of Prikatunsky meat and wool type of sheep were superior by 4,82 pcs. per mm² or 19,0 % and 4,41 pcs. per mm² or 15,8 % of adult animals, respectively. Balance secondary follicles/primary follicles in young animals were higher by 10,3 and 17,3 % compared to breeding rams and ewes. The wool of the replacement young animals was thinner by 7,28 and 4,78 microns and they were more thick-haired. The obtained data will be used in the mating campaign when mating program rams in order to improve the sheep of Prikatunsky meat and wool type.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study to Assess the Quality of Life and Stress among Orphan and Non-orphan Children in Selected Areas of Bagalkot

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Santosh B Sajjan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Moderate Stress

Introduction: The word orphan comes from the Greek word ‘Orfanos’ and refers to a child permanently bereaved of or abandoned by his or her parents. Methods: A non-experimental descriptive comparative design has been adopted for the present study. The sample of the present study comprises orphan children residing in an orphanage and non-orphan children residing in selected areas of Bagalkot. The sample comprised 30 orphans and 30 non-orphans aged between 10 and 16 years. The data were collected by using self-report, structured closed-ended questionnaires for socio-demographic variables of children, self-administered WHO Quality of life BREF scale, and PSS stress scale. The data obtained were analysed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: Findings related to the comparison between the level of stress among the orphan and non-orphan children revealed that majority of orphan children (76.66%) had about moderate stress, 23.33% of the orphan children had high stress, and none of the children had a low level of stress, whereas among non-orphan children, majority (90%) had moderate stress, 10% had low level stress, and none of them had high level stress. The findings related to the comparison of levels of quality of life among the orphan and non-orphan children reveal that a high percentage of orphan children (66.66%) had a moderate quality of life and some of them (33.33%) had a poor quality of life, whereas a high number of non-orphan children (66.66%) had a very good quality of life and some (33.33%) had a good quality of life. No significant association was found between the quality of life and stress scores with the socio-demographic variables of orphan and non-orphan children. Conclusion: The study concluded that orphan children need to improve their quality of life and decrease their level of stress.

Powered Ankle-Foot Prostheses: A Survey on Sensing Systems and Control Strategies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Chumacero-Polanco ◽  
James Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Kinetic Information ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Systems And Control ◽  
Finite State ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Abstract People who have suffered a transtibial amputation show diminished ambulation and impaired quality of life. Powered ankle foot prostheses (AFP) are used to recover some mobility of transtibial amputees (TTAs). Powered AFP is an emerging technology that has great potential to improve the quality of life of TTAs with important avenues for research and development in different fields. This paper presents a survey on sensing systems and control strategies applied to powered AFPs. Sensing kinematic and kinetic information in powered AFPs is critical for control. Ankle angle position is commonly obtained via potentiometers and encoders directly installed on the joint, velocities can be estimated using numerical differentiators, and accelerations are normally obtained via inertial measurement units (IMUs). On the other hand, kinetic information is usually obtained via strain gauges and torque sensors. On the other hand, control strategies are classified as high- and low-level control. The high-level control sets the torque or position references based on pattern generators, user’s intent of motion recognition, or finite-state machine. The low-level control usually consists of linear controllers that drive the ankle’s joint position, velocity, or torque to follow an imposed reference signal. The most widely used control strategy is the one based on finite-state machines for the high-level control combined with a proportional-derivative torque control for low-level. Most designs have been experimentally assessed with acceptable results in terms of walking speed. However, some drawbacks related to powered AFP’s weight and autonomy remain to be overcome. Future research should be focused on reducing powered AFP size and weight, increasing energy efficiency, and improving both the high- and the low-level controllers in terms of efficiency and performance.

Comparison of quality of facial scars after single low-level laser therapy and combined low-level with high-level (PDL 595 nm) laser therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Vranova ◽  
Eva Remlova ◽  
Helena Jelinkova ◽  
Jozef Rosina ◽  
Tatjana Dostalova
Keyword(s):  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals PENERAPAN DATA MINING DALAM MENGELOMPOKAN PRODUKSI JAGUNG MENURUT PROVINSI MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanda Erlangga ◽  
Solikhun Solikhun ◽  
Irawan Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Cluster ◽  
Central Statistics

Corn needs are currently experiencing a fairly rapid development can be seen in terms of the domestic market, here researchers want to increase the productivity and quality of corn production. The data that will be used is the data from the Central Statistics Agency. The method in this study is the K-means clustering algorithm and the application used is Rapidminer which will be grouped into 2 clustering, namely high and low. The results of this study are 2 high level cluster provinces, 32 low level cluster provincesKeywords: Corn, Data mining, K-means Clustering c

scholarly journals ANALISIS BUKU AJAR MARUGOTO: BAHASA DAN KEBUDAYAAN JEPANG A1 DITINJAU DARI RANAH KOGNITIF TAKSONOMI BLOOM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Rakhmania Wulandari ◽  
Febi Ariani Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Bloom's Taxonomy ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Bloom’S Taxonomy ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
High Level

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas isi buku ajar Marugoto: Bahasa dan Kebudayaan Jepang A1 ditinjau dari ranah kognitif taksonomi Bloom.  Kualitas buku ajar menjadi pertimbangan pengajar dalam menentukan buku ajar yang baik untuk digunakan. Menelaah kualitas buku ajar dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori belajar taksonomi Bloom. Taksonomi Bloom adalah pengelompokan belajar berdasarkan tingkatan belajar. Yaitu belajar tingkat rendah yang terdiri dari kualifikasi C1 (mengingat), C2 (memahami), dan C3 (mengaplikasikan), serta belajar tingkat tinggi yang terdiri dari kualifikasi  C4 (menganalisis), C5 (mengevaluasi), dan C6 (mencipta).Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data utama adalah buku ajar Marugoto rikai dan katsudou. Analisis dilakukan dengan menganalisis bahan ajar menggunakan kualifikasi kognitif pada taksonomi Bloom. Hasil Analisis menunjukkan bahwa buku Marugoto A1 mencapai hasil yang sangat baik pada kualifikasi C1, C2, C3, C4; hasil analisis baik pada C5, dan  hasil analisis sangat kurang pada C6. Materi yang disajikan mewakili kata kerja operasioanal dalam memenuhi kebutuhan belajar tingkat rendah dengan sangat baik, namun hanya cukup mewakili kata kerja operasional dalam memenuhi kebutuhan belajar tingkat tinggi.   This research is aimed to find out the quality of Marugoto's textbook content: Japanese Language and Culture A1 from the cognitive aspects of Bloom's taxonomy. The quality of textbooks becomes the teacher's consideration in determining which textbooks are best used. Reviewing the quality of textbooks can be done using Bloom's theory of taxonomic learning. Bloom's Taxonomy is a learning grouping based on the level of learning. That is a low level study consisting of qualifications C1 (remembering), C2 (understanding), and C3 (applying), as well as a high-level learning consisting of C4 qualifying (analyzing), C5 (evaluating), and C6 (creating). is a qualitative descriptive research. The main data sources are Marugoto rikai and katsudou textbooks. The analysis was done by analyzing the teaching materials using cognitive qualifications on Bloom's taxonomy. The analysis shows that Marugoto: Language and Culture of Japan A1 achieved excellent results on qualification C1, C2, C3, C4, good analytical results on C5, and the result of analysis is very less on C6. The material presented represents operational verbs in meeting low-level learning needs very well, but only enough to represent operational verbs in meeting high-level learning needs.

scholarly journals Assessment of adaptation of children of younger school age with cerebral palsy to occupations at correctional school

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Olga P. Ponomareva ◽  
Galina A. Suslova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Medical Psychology ◽  
School Age ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

Formation of a school maturity at children of younger school age is the main objective of modern education. Special attention in the last decades is paid to children with disturbances of a musculoskeletal system, in particular, to children with the cerebral palsy (CP). Such children study at special correctional schools which prepare the pupils for independent life and work in society. Research objective: to estimate adaptation of children of younger school age with cerebral palsy to occupations at correctional school. Materials and methods. 75 children with the diagnosis are examined: Cerebral palsy, spastic diplegia mild or moderate severity, delay of psychomotor development, pseudobulbar dysarthtia. All children studied in state-funded educational institution for children with limited opportunities of health special (correctional) comprehensive school (the IV look) No. 584 "Ozerki" of Vyborgsky district of St. Petersburg (school No. 584 "Ozerki"). The age of children was from 7 to 11 years. The following indicators were estimated: quality of life of children by means of the questionnaire of PedsQL for category of children of 8-12 years, electroencephalogram indicators, the neurologic status, extent of disturbance of the speech. Children were examined by the neurologist, the psychologist and the logopedist. Results. 72% of children had the average and low level of adaptation. According to classification by L.A. Wagner (1989), “the low level” of adaptation prevailed at boys (42.2%) (the negative relation to school, suppressed mood, frequent complaints to an illness). “High level” also dominated at boys (33.4%) while at girls “the high level” of adaptation was observed only at 6 people (20%). Clinical inspection taped that at children the hyper excitability syndrome prevailed (at boys – 51.2%, girls – 63.3%). Also it was noticed that extent of disturbance of the speech depends on degree of a lesion of the central nervous system and also on age and sex features. The quality of life of children of elementary school is reduced. In scales of the questionnaire of PedsQL “physical functioning”, “emotional functioning”, “life at school” points don’t exceed 50. Only in a scale “social functioning” an indicator more than 70 points. Conclusions. The complex rehabilitation including the medical, psychology and pedagogical and logopedic care is necessary for children of elementary school of school No. 584 “Ozerki”.

scholarly journals Concentration and Competition in the Albanian Banking Sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleana Lici ◽  
Irena Boboli
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Banking System ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Albania has a relatively new financial system, where banking system is the most developed financial service in our country, with a share of 94, 4% of the total financial services. This is a phenomenon of countries with emerging economies, which proves that there is greater reliance on the state economic development of the banking sector, by effecting from the households to the biggest investors and the government. As in any market, competition is important for the banking sector because, it affects the efficiency and the quality of services offered. Furthermore, competition in banking has also implications for other sectors of the economy. So, higher competition in the banking sector is found to be associated with a faster growth of other sectors of the economy that rely on external financing. The main goal of this paper is to understand the characteristics of competition in our banking system and study the relationship between the level of concentration and competition. We are going to measure the concentration by the “H” indices. The “H” (Herfindaflit) indices is a measure of the level of the concentration of the banking system of a country. A high level of the indices shows a high level of concentration and as a consequence a low level of competition. A low level of the indices shows a low level of concentration which is sign of a banking market with a high competition.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life and Contentment with the Realisation of Partial Satisfactions of Students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Turosz ◽  
Anna Olech
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

The Quality of Life and Contentment with the Realisation of Partial Satisfactions of Students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała PodlaskaIntroduction. The aim of the work was to define the level of contentment with the realisation of partial satisfactions of female and male 1st-year students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala Podlaska, the University of Physical Education in Warsaw (FPES) demonstrating a high or low level of the quality of life. Material and methods. 44 women and 161 men were examined. At the first stage of the research the level of the quality of life was defined with the use of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). At the second stage the level of contentment with the realisation of partial satisfactions of people with a high or low level of the quality of life was examined. The level of contentment with partial satisfactions was measured by means of a questionnaire in which partial satisfactions were grouped in 5 categories: social, material, environmental, health and other satisfactions. Statistically significant differences were defined with the use of Pearson's chi-square test (χ2), taking values lower than the significance level p<0.05 as statistically significant. Results. There occur statistically significant differences in the levels of contentment with the realisation of partial satisfactions of female and male students revealing a high or low level of the quality of life. Better material conditions, contentment with the way of spending free time, one's own life achievements and health are conducive to reaching a high level of the quality of life among students. Over 70% of the examined academic youth with a high level of the quality of life perceive their life as great and successful and the conditions in a family as positive. Over 60% of female students and 30% of male students from this group have very strong family bonds. Conclusions. The level of contentment with the realisation of partial satisfactions is connected with the system of values of an individual. Positive and strong family bonds favour a high level of the quality of life. The system of cultural institutions in Biala Podlaska as a university town should be developed more dynamically.

scholarly journals Policy-Driven Network Traffic Rerouting Through Intent-Based Control Loops

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Saraiva ◽  
Nazrul Islam ◽  
Danny Alex Lachos Perez ◽  
Christian Esteve Rothenberg
Keyword(s):  
Video Quality ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Video Traffic ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Http Adaptive Streaming ◽  
High Level ◽  
New Generation

Year after year, the growth of video traffic over the Internet keeps increasing. Video streaming over best-effort networks is considered inefficient and inappropriate to meet the expected Quality of Experience (QoE) of the new generation of multimedia services. Over the past few years, a number of technologies have emerged to improve the state of the art of video delivery, including HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) that adapts the bitrate according to network conditions. At the crossroads, Software Defined Networking (SDN) offers options to meet Quality of Service (QoS) objectives for improved video quality by exploiting end-to-end programmability of network behaviour. However, traditional SDN approaches require dealing with low-level details from the underlying infrastructure, interfering in the automation and agility of service deployments. To alleviate these issues and overall provide a simpler approach, Intent-Based Networking (IBN) is being proposed to abstract low-level configurations through high-level policy interfaces. In this paper, we explore such an approach by implementing intent-based control loops for video service assurance. The proposed methods dynamically reconfigure the network for service-specific requirements using IBN to define the high-level behavior. We experimentally evaluate a use case where video traffic is rerouted based on network conditions to improve the QoS. The Proof-of-Concept results point to the potential of improving video content delivery through QoS-aware Intent-based approaches.

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