scholarly journals Prolonged intake of desloratadine: mesenteric lymphatic vessel dysfunction and development of obesity/metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. G217-G227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Y. Gasheva ◽  
Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova ◽  
Laura Hargrove ◽  
Cassidy Gobbell ◽  
Maria Troyanova-Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Lymphatic Vessel ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
The Body

This study aimed to establish mechanistic links between the prolonged intake of desloratadine, a common H1 receptor blocker (i.e., antihistamine), and development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 16 wk with desloratadine. We analyzed the dynamics of body weight gain, tissue fat accumulation/density, contractility of isolated mesenteric lymphatic vessels, and levels of blood lipids, glucose, and insulin, together with parameters of liver function. Prolonged intake of desloratadine induced development of an obesity-like phenotype and signs of metabolic syndrome. These alterations in the body included excessive weight gain, increased density of abdominal subcutaneous fat and intracapsular brown fat, high blood triglycerides with an indication of their rerouting toward portal blood, high HDL, high fasting blood glucose with normal fasting and nonfasting insulin levels (insulin resistance), high liver/body weight ratio, and liver steatosis (fatty liver). These changes were associated with dysfunction of mesenteric lymphatic vessels, specifically high lymphatic tone and resistance to flow together with diminished tonic and abolished phasic responses to increases in flow, (i.e., greatly diminished adaptive reserves to respond to postprandial increases in lymph flow). The role of nitric oxide in this flow-dependent adaptation was abolished, with remnants of these responses controlled by lymphatic vessel-derived histamine. Our current data, considered together with reports in the literature, support the notion that millions of the United States population are highly likely affected by underevaluated, lymphatic-related side effects of antihistamines and may develop obesity and metabolic syndrome due to the prolonged intake of this medication. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prolonged intake of desloratadine induced development of obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with dysfunction of mesenteric lymphatic vessels, high lymphatic tone, and resistance to flow together with greatly diminished adaptive reserves to respond to postprandial increases in lymph flow. Data support the notion that millions of the USA population are highly likely affected by underevaluated, lymphatic-related side effects of antihistamines and may develop obesity and metabolic syndrome due to the prolonged intake of this medication.

scholarly journals Lymphovenous hemostasis and the role of platelets in regulating lymphatic flow and lymphatic vessel maturation

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (9) ◽  
pp. 1169-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Welsh ◽  
Mark L. Kahn ◽  
Daniel T. Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Lymphatic Vessel ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Lymphatic Circulation ◽  
Vessel Maturation

Abstract Aside from the established role for platelets in regulating hemostasis and thrombosis, recent research has revealed a discrete role for platelets in the separation of the blood and lymphatic vascular systems. Platelets are activated by interaction with lymphatic endothelial cells at the lymphovenous junction, the site in the body where the lymphatic system drains into the blood vascular system, resulting in a platelet plug that, with the lymphovenous valve, prevents blood from entering the lymphatic circulation. This process, known as “lymphovenous hemostasis,” is mediated by activation of platelet CLEC-2 receptors by the transmembrane ligand podoplanin expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells. Lymphovenous hemostasis is required for normal lymph flow, and mice deficient in lymphovenous hemostasis exhibit lymphedema and sometimes chylothorax phenotypes indicative of lymphatic insufficiency. Unexpectedly, the loss of lymph flow in these mice causes defects in maturation of collecting lymphatic vessels and lymphatic valve formation, uncovering an important role for fluid flow in driving endothelial cell signaling during development of collecting lymphatics. This article summarizes the current understanding of lymphovenous hemostasis and its effect on lymphatic vessel maturation and synthesizes the outstanding questions in the field, with relationship to human disease.

scholarly journals Atypical Antipsychotic Induced Weight Gain in Schizophrenic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Tetie Herlina ◽  
Dyah A. Perwitasari ◽  
Haafizah Dania ◽  
Santi Yuliani ◽  
Melisa I. Barliana
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Retrospective Design ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Mean

Atypical antipsychotics are widely prescribed and have the potential to cause weight gain, which may result in the development of metabolic syndrome. Also, it is important to monitor the use of atypical antipsychotic for metabolic disturbance. The purpose of this study is to determine the side effects of atypical antipsychotics in increasing body weight in schizophrenia patients after 4 weeks of use. Furthermore, a retrospective design was conducted and data were collected based on consecutive sampling in 80 adult psychiatric inpatients (20 women and 60 men) with initial diagnoses of schizophrenia and with the same daily nutrition. The patients were hospitalized from January to March 2019, within the term (over 4 weeks) of initiation atypical antipsychotic. The patient body weight was collected before and 4 weeks after the treatment of atypical antipsychotic. The results showed that patients (20 women and 60 men) receiving atypical antipsychotic had a mean age of 35.6 years and a percentage of 70% women and 56% men had a weight gain of 1–5 kg over 4 weeks. The mean weight observed among our subjects increased from 57.55±10.743 kg to 59.83±12.205 kg after initiating treatment (p=0.001). However, the dual combination of atypical antipsychotics risperidone and clozapine are the most widely atypical antipsychotic used with a percentage equal to 91.25%, 3.75% clozapine, and 5% risperidone. Furthermore, it can be concluded that atypical antipsychotics use for at least 4 weeks can cause weight gain in schizophrenic patients. Pharmacist and doctors are recommended to monitor the metabolic side effects due to the atypical antipsychotic use. Keywords: Atypical antipsycotic, schizophrenia, weight gain  Antipsikotik Atipikal Menginduksi Peningkatan Berat Badan pada Pasien Skizofrenia AbstrakAntipsikotik atipikal banyak diresepkan dan berpotensi menyebabkan kenaikan berat badan yang dapat menyebabkan sindrom metabolik. Ada kebutuhan klinis yang mendesak untuk memantau penggunaan antipsikotik atipikal terhadap gangguan metabolisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek samping antipsikotik atipikal dalam meningkatkan berat badan pada pasien skizofrenia setelah pemakaian 4 minggu. Melalui desain retrospektif, data dikumpulkan dengan consecutive sampling pada 80 pasien rawat inap psikiatri dewasa (20 wanita dan 60 pria) dengan diagnosis awal skizofrenia dan dengan pengaturan nutrisi harian yang sama. Pasien dirawat di rumah sakit sejak Januari 2019 sampai dengan Maret 2019, dalam jangka menengah (lebih dari 4 minggu) pemberian antipsikotik atipikal. Data berat badan pasien dicatat sebelum dan 4 minggu sesudah pemakaian antipsikotik atipikal. Pasien (20 wanita dan 60 pria) yang menerima antipsikotik atipikal memiliki usia rata-rata 35,6 tahun, semua pasien dengan persentase 70% wanita dan 56% pria memiliki kenaikan berat badan 1–5 kg selama periode 4 minggu. Berat rata-rata yang diamati di antara subyek meningkat dari 57,55±10,743 kg menjadi 59,83±12,205 kg setelah memulai pengobatan (p=0,001). Antipsikotik atipikal yang paling banyak digunakan adalah kombinasi antipsikotik atipikal risperidon clozapin dengan persentase sebesar 91,25%, clozapin 3,75%, risperidon 5%. Kami menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan antipsikotik atipikal selama setidaknya 4 minggu dapat menyebabkan penambahan berat badan pada pasien skizofrenia. Apoteker dan dokter direkomendasikan untuk memantau efek samping metabolik akibat penggunaan antipsikotik atipikal.Kata kunci: Antipsikotik atipikal, peningkatan berat badan, skizofrenia

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CANNABINOIDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CACHEXIA IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-878
Author(s):  
Tijana Serafimovska ◽  
Marija Darkovska Serafimovska ◽  
Milka Zdravkovska ◽  
Trajan Balkanov
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Weight Correction

Knowledge of the role of the endocannabinoid system in the modulation of immune functions, the influence of mood, the regulation of appetite, gives us the right to think about the possibility of use of cannabinoids for the treatment of cachexia. Cachexia, also known as weight loss syndrome, is a common problem in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Weight loss syndrome is defined as a loss of at least 10% of the body weight. In HIV-positive patients, weight loss syndrome has been associated with chronic diarrhea, fatigue, and fever for at least 30 days. This serious situation leads to significant morbidity and mortality for these patients. The use of cannabinoids to improve appetite and regain weight in HIV-positive patients is recommended, but it is unclear whether they are truly safe and effective. MARINOL (dronabinol), 2.5, 5 or 10 mg tablets is the only synthetic cannabinoid (tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) isomer) intended for oral administration and FDA approved for two indications: treatment of anorexia associated with weight loss in people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (or HIV-positive patients) and vomiting caused by chemotherapy in people whose nausea and vomiting have not improved with usual antiemetics. In the United States, Marinol is treated as a non narcotic drug with a very low risk of physical and mental dependence (categorized into level III of controlled substances). The dosage for treatment of weight loss depends on tolerability, from 1 x 2.5 mg /day to 2 x 10 mg /day. The medicine is stated to be taken before meals: before dinner when is administered once daily or before breakfast and dinner if the total dose is divided into twice daily intake. An online literature review published by June 2018 identified a total of six randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that were conducted to evaluate the effects of dronabinol for the treatment of cachexia in HIV-positive patients. They included a total of 298 patients. In 5 of the six studies conducted, the effects of dronabinol were compared with placebo, and in only one study the effects of dronabinol were compared with megestrol acetate. Only one of the six studies was classic placebo-controlled study that reported the effects of dronabinol on body weight correction, while in other studies the effects of dronabinol on body weight correction were secondary notification. This study is also the only study on which base indication for dronabinol are approved. Studies show that dronabinol at doses of 5mg /day stimulates weight gain compared with placebo. Dronabinol compared to megestrol showed a lack of effect. The conclusion of these studies, however, is that use of cannabinoids can have a positive effect on improving appetite and weight gain in HIV-positive patients.

scholarly journals Temperature-dependent modulation of regional lymphatic contraction frequency and flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. H879-H889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Solari ◽  
Cristiana Marcozzi ◽  
Daniela Negrini ◽  
Andrea Moriondo
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Vessel ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Contraction Frequency ◽  
A Value ◽  
Slope Factor ◽  
Excised Tissues ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions

Lymph drainage and propulsion are sustained by an extrinsic mechanism, based on mechanical forces acting from the surrounding tissues against the wall of lymphatic vessels, and by an intrinsic mechanism attributable to active spontaneous contractions of the lymphatic vessel muscle. Despite being heterogeneous, the mechanisms underlying the generation of spontaneous contractions share a common biochemical nature and are thus modulated by temperature. In this study, we challenged excised tissues from rat diaphragm and hindpaw, endowed with spontaneously contracting lymphatic vessels, to temperatures from 24°C (hindpaw) or 33°C (diaphragmatic vessels) to 40°C while measuring lymphatic contraction frequency ( fc) and amplitude. Both vessel populations displayed a sigmoidal relationship between fc and temperature, each centered around the average temperature of surrounding tissue (36.7 diaphragmatic and 32.1 hindpaw lymphatics). Although the slope factor of the sigmoidal fit to the fc change of hindpaw vessels was 2.3°C·cycles−1·min−1, a value within the normal range displayed by simple biochemical reactions, the slope factor of the diaphragmatic lymphatics was 0.62°C·cycles−1·min−1, suggesting the added involvement of temperature-sensing mechanisms. Lymph flow calculated as a function of temperature confirmed the relationship observed on fc data alone and showed that none of the two lymphatic vessel populations would be able to adapt to the optimal working temperature of the other tissue district. This poses a novel question whether lymphatic vessels might not adapt their function to accommodate the change if exposed to a surrounding temperature, which is different from their normal condition. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates to what extent lymphatic vessel intrinsic contractility and lymph flow are modulated by temperature and that this modulation is dependent on the body district that the vessels belong to, suggesting a possible functional misbehavior should lymphatic vessels be exposed to a chronically different temperature.

scholarly journals Exercise Training and Calorie Restriction Influence the Metabolic Parameters in Ovariectomized Female Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anikó Pósa ◽  
Renáta Szabó ◽  
Krisztina Kupai ◽  
Anett Csonka ◽  
Zita Szalai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The estrogen deficiency after menopause leads to overweight or obesity, and physical exercise is one of the important modulators of this body weight gain. Female Wistar rats underwent ovariectomy surgery (OVX) or sham operation (SO). OVX and SO groups were randomized into new groups based on the voluntary physical activity (with or without running) and the type of diet for 12 weeks. Rats were fed standard chow (CTRL), high triglyceride diet (HT), or restricted diet (CR). The metabolic syndrome was assessed by measuring the body weight gain, the glucose sensitivity, and the levels of insulin, triglyceride, leptin, and aspartate aminotransferase transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The exercise training combined with the CR resulted in improvements in the glucose tolerance and the insulin sensitivity. Plasma TG, AST, and ALT levels were significantly higher in OVX rats fed with HT but these high values were suppressed by exercise and CR. Compared to SO animals, estrogen deprivation with HT caused a significant increase in leptin level. Our data provide evidence that CR combined with voluntary physical exercise can be a very effective strategy to prevent the development of a metabolic syndrome induced by high calorie diet.

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN RAMI (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN RAMI UNTUK PENGGEMUKKAN DOMBA WONOSOBO

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Pita Sudrajad ◽  
Amrih Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The Given

The aim of the study was to determine the development of ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) and the effect of using ramie leaves on feed on the body weight gain of Wonosobo Sheep (Dombos). Research on the development of ramie plants using survey methods in the area of ramie plant development in Wonosobo Regency. While the research on the use of ramie leaves for fattening was carried out in Butuh Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency in 2018. 21 male Dombos were divided into 3 feed treatments with forage proportions of 70%, 50% and 30 ramie leaves respectively. %. The results showed that currently ramie plants were being developed in Wonosobo Regency by CV. Ramindo Berkah Persada Sejahtera in Gandok Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Until now the area of the crop has reached 13 ha. Of this area will produce ramie leaves 195,000 kg / year. If one sheep needs 4 kg of ramie / tail / day leaves, then the potential capacity of sheep is 135 heads / year, if the given one is 50% then the Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Volume 16 202 Nomor 2 – Desember 2018potential capacity is 270 heads / year and if it is reduced again to 25% of ramie leaves then the potential capacity 440 heads / year. The use of ramie leaves as a feed for Wonosobo Sheep fattening can be given as much as 30% in fresh form.

Digestibility of Nutrients as Influenced by Supplementation of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes in Dry Non-pregnant Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M, Lunagariya ◽  
R. S. Gupta ◽  
S. V. Shah ◽  
Y. G. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The study was planned to evaluate the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) supplementation for 56 days @ 240 mg/kg total mixed ration (TMR) on digestibility of dry matter and nutrients in dairy cows. Six dry non-pregnant cows were assigned in each treatment with and without EFE. The digestibility trial of seven days was conducted after 49 days of feeding. Dry matter and nutrients intake of cows was not influenced by EFE. The supplementation of EFE had improved digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, cellulose (p less than 0.01), as well as digestibility of nitrogen-free extract and acid detergent fiber, was also higher (pless than 0.05). The body weight gain of cows was higher on the supplementation of EFE in TMR. The study concluded that feeding exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (240 mg/kg) supplemented TMR improved digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, which was reflected as higher body weight gain in dry non-pregnant Gir and crossbred dairy cows.

Psychosocial Consequences of Body Weight and Obesity

2018 ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr ◽  
Vera K. Tsenkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Adults And Children

The body weight of U.S. adults and children has risen markedly over the past three decades. The physical health consequences of obesity are widely documented, and emerging research from the Midlife in the United States study and other large-scale surveys reveals the harmful impact of obesity on adults’ psychosocial and interpersonal well-being. This chapter synthesizes recent research on the psychosocial implications of body weight, with attention to explanatory mechanisms and subgroup differences in these patterns. A brief statistical portrait of body weight is provided, documenting rates and correlates of obesity, with a focus on race, gender, and socioeconomic status disparities. The consequences of body weight for three main outcomes are described: institutional and everyday discrimination, interpersonal relationships, and psychological well-being. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways that recent integrative health research on the psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity inform our understanding of population health.

scholarly journals Melatonin and diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats: impact on the hypophysial-testicular axis

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Scacchi Bernasconi ◽  
Nancy P. Cardoso ◽  
Roxana Reynoso ◽  
Pablo Scacchi ◽  
Daniel P. Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Diet Manipulation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCombinations of fructose- and fat-rich diets in experimental animals can model the human metabolic syndrome (MS). In rats, the increase in blood pressure (BP) after diet manipulation is sex related and highly dependent on testosterone secretion. However, the extent of the impact of diet on rodent hypophysial-testicular axis remains undefined. In the present study, rats drinking a 10% fructose solution or fed a high-fat (35%) diet for 10 weeks had higher plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and lower plasma levels of testosterone, without significant changes in circulating follicle-stimulating hormone or the weight of most reproductive organs. Diet manipulation brought about a significant increase in body weight, systolic BP, area under the curve (AUC) of glycemia after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid levels. The concomitant administration of melatonin (25 μg/mL of drinking water) normalized the abnormally high LH levels but did not affect the inhibited testosterone secretion found in fructose- or high-fat-fed rats. Rather, melatonin per se inhibited testosterone secretion. Melatonin significantly blunted the body weight and systolic BP increase, the increase in the AUC of glycemia after an IPGTT, and the changes in circulating lipid profile and uric acid found in both MS models. The results are compatible with a primary inhibition of testicular function in diet-induced MS in rats and with the partial effectiveness of melatonin to counteract the metabolic but not the testicular sequelae of rodent MS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document