Perfusion-contraction mismatch with coronary microvascular obstruction: role of inflammation

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. H2587-H2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilmar Dörge ◽  
Till Neumann ◽  
Matthias Behrends ◽  
Andreas Skyschally ◽  
Rainer Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microvascular Obstruction ◽  
Regional Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Area At Risk ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A close relationship exists between regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and function during acute coronary inflow restriction (perfusion-contraction matching). However, the relationship of flow and function during coronary microvascular obstruction is unknown. In 12 anesthetized dogs, the left circumflex coronary artery was perfused from an extracorporeal circuit. After control measurements, 3,000 microspheres (42 μm diameter) per milliliter per minute inflow were injected to cause a microembolism (ME, n = 6). With unchanged systemic hemodynamics and RMBF, posterior systolic wall thickening (PWT) decreased from 19.8 ± 1.9% SD at control to 13.3 ± 4.0, 10.3 ± 3.8, and 6.9 ± 4.7% ( P < 0.05 vs. control) at 1, 4, and 8 h, respectively. For comparison, inflow was progressively reduced to match PWT to that of the ME group at 1, 4, and 8 h (stenosis, STE, n = 6). RMBF in the STE group was reduced in proportion to PWT. Infarct size was not different among groups (6.5 ± 4.5 vs. 3.4 ± 3.2%). However, the number of leukocytes infiltrating the area at risk was significantly greater in the ME group than in the STE group. Coronary microembolization results in perfusion-contraction mismatch and is associated with an inflammatory response.

1. Everything has structure

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blockley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Fitness For Purpose ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

‘Everything has structure’ considers the fundamental nature and role of structure and the relationship of structural engineering with other engineering disciplines and with architecture. Decision making is driven by the purpose of a man-made structure and how ‘fitness for purpose’ is realised. There is a need to understand how forces flow through a structure in order to ensure it meets its primary purpose of being strong and safe whilst at the same time meeting many other needs such as affordability, aesthetic, and regulatory and environmental criteria. The best structures are a harmony of architecture and engineering—where form and function are one and the flow of forces is logical.

Heart rate reduction improves myocardial ischemia in swine: role of interventricular blood flow redistribution

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. H910-H917 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Indolfi ◽  
B. D. Guth ◽  
S. Miyazaki ◽  
T. Miura ◽  
R. Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Regional Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Regional Dysfunction ◽  
Electrical Pacing ◽  
And Function

Regional myocardial blood flow (MBF) distribution and function upon slowing the heart rate (HR) during ischemia were studied in anesthetized swine, a species without coronary collaterals. Perfusion of the left anterior descending artery by a pump allowed controlled production of regional ischemia. Slowing tachycardia by electrical pacing (127 to 87 beats/min) caused marked improvement of regional dysfunction [% wall thickening (WTh) from 9 to 27%] and increased subendocardial MBF [from 0.31 to 0.55 ml.min-1.g-1 (P less than 0.001)] without change of subepicardial MBF. Total left ventricular (LV) MBF increased, whereas right ventricular (RV) MBF fell by 18% (P less than 0.02). The mechanism of MBF changes during slowed HR was assessed by surgically excluding the RV and comparing findings with previous experiments with RV intact when HR was slowed from 96 to 60 beats/min. A similar improvement of regional LV function occurred (8% vs. 30% WTh) with the RV excluded, but without a change in total flow to the LV bed, whereas subendocardial MBF increased and subepicardial MBF fell, indicating transmural redistribution only. These findings show that the RV vascular bed can contribute to LV perfusion in swine during ischemia, and they document the potential for “reverse RV steal” during slowed heart rate in this setting.

scholarly journals Metabolic Reprogramming and Renal Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhu ◽  
Lili Jiang ◽  
Mengtuan Long ◽  
Xuejiao Wei ◽  
Yue Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

There are several causes of chronic kidney disease, but all of these patients have renal fibrosis. Although many studies have examined the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, there are still no effective treatments. A healthy and balanced metabolism is necessary for normal cell growth, proliferation, and function, but metabolic abnormalities can lead to pathological changes. Normal energy metabolism is particularly important for maintaining the structure and function of the kidneys because they consume large amounts of energy. We describe the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during renal fibrosis, which includes changes in fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism, and the relationship of these changes with renal fibrosis. We also describe the potential role of novel drugs that disrupt this metabolic reprogramming and the development of fibrosis, and current and future challenges in the treatment of fibrosis.

Part V Fairness and Expeditiousness of ICC Proceedings, 38 The Role of the Appeals Chamber

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerlich Volker
Keyword(s):  
Trial Chamber ◽  
System P ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Role And Function ◽  
Meaningful Role

This chapter analyses the role and function of the Appeals Chamber of the ICC. The right to appeal under the Statute goes beyond what is mandated by human rights law. This contribution analyses the specificities of appeals in the ICC system, including the relationship of the Appeals Chamber to other Chambers, its jurisdiction over different types of appeal under Articles 81 and 82 (e.g. interlocutory appeal, and appeal against final decisions of the Trial Chamber), review and revision of sentences, and the relevant standards of review. The chapter contrasts approaches of the ICC with the practice of the Appeals Chambers of the ICTY and ICTR, which have used their first cases to clarify and develop the law. It shows that the ICC has taken an approach of judicial restraint. It argues that development of the law in small steps may be the most effective approach to building a lasting and meaningful role of the Appeals Chamber in the ICC system.

Perceived Harm, Age, and Drug Use: Perceptual and Motivational Dispositions Affecting Drug Use

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorand B. Szalay ◽  
Andres Inn ◽  
Jean B. Strohl ◽  
Lita C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Behavioral Validation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceived Harm

Free associations reveal a close relationship between drug use and such psychological dispositions as dominant perceptions, attitudes, and systems of mental representations. The investigations reported here address the relationship of perceived harm or appeal of drugs, age, and reported drug use through analysis of the free associations of students from elementary to graduate school. Subsamples of drug users and non-users are also included. Comparisons across the range of years studied (10 to 29) showed how subjective meanings and the system of mental representation, including those characteristic of drug users and non-users, evolve as a function of age. Based on the domains studied, the distance measured between user/non-user groups and between age groups showed systematic and predictable increases reflecting on construct validity. The perceptual and motivational dispositions identified were significantly correlated with drug use (behavioral validation). The results offer new insights into the role of such variables as perceived harm and subjective appeal.

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

SECTANITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MANIFESTATIONS OF MODERN RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Agapov ◽  
Kirill Stepkin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article considers the general theoretical foundations of the relationship of sectarianism and religious extremism in the Russian Federation. Practical examples of the role of destructive sects in modern religious extremism in the Russian Federation are given.

The Meaning of the Concept of “Spiritual Energy” in the Philosophy of William James and Henry Bergson

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Maria M. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Development ◽  
William James ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Creative Evolution ◽  
Spiritual Energy ◽  
Spiritual Reality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the philosophy of Henri Bergson and William James as independent doctrines aimed at rational comprehension of spiritual reality. The doctrines imply the paramount importance of consciousness, the need for continuous spiritual development, the expansion of experience and perception. The study highlights the fundamental role of spiritual energy for individual and universal evolution, which likens these doctrines to the ancient Eastern teaching as well as to Platonism in Western philosophy. The term “spiritual energy” is used by Bergson and James all the way through their creative career, and therefore this concept should considered in the examination of their solution to the most important philosophical and scientific issues, such as the relationship of matter and spirit, consciousness and brain, cognition, free will, etc. The “radical empiricism” of William James and the “creative evolution” of Henry Bergson should be viewed as conceptions that based on peacemaking goals, because they are aimed at reconciling faith and facts, science and religion through the organic synthesis of sensory and spiritual levels of experience. Although there is a number of modern scientific discoveries that were foreseen by philosophical ideas of Bergson and James, both philosophers advocate for the artificial limitation of the sphere of experimental methods in science. They call not to limit ourselves to the usual intellectual schemes of reality comprehension, but attempt to touch the “living” reality, which presupposes an increase in the intensity of attention and will, but finally brings us closer to freedom.

The role and relationship of mindreading and social attunement in HRI – position statements of interdisciplinary researchers. Workshop HRI'20

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wykowska ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Stefan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This booklet is a collection of the position statements accepted for the HRI’20 conference workshop “Social Cognition for HRI: Exploring the relationship between mindreading and social attunement in human-robot interaction” (Wykowska, Perez-Osorio &amp; Kopp, 2020). Unfortunately, due to the rapid unfolding of the novel coronavirus at the beginning of the present year, the conference and consequently our workshop, were canceled. On the light of these events, we decided to put together the positions statements accepted for the workshop. The contributions collected in these pages highlight the role of attribution of mental states to artificial agents in human-robot interaction, and precisely the quality and presence of social attunement mechanisms that are known to make human interaction smooth, efficient, and robust. These papers also accentuate the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to advance the understanding of the factors and the consequences of social interactions with artificial agents.

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