Protein appetite is increased after central leptin-induced fat depletion

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. R1468-R1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Wiater ◽  
Bryan D. Hudson ◽  
Yvette Virgin ◽  
Sue Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Macronutrient Selection ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Nadir Point ◽  
And Control

Leptin reduces body fat selectively, sparing body protein. Accordingly, during chronic leptin administration, food intake is suppressed, and body weight is reduced until body fat is depleted. Body weight then stabilizes at this fat-depleted nadir, while food intake returns to normal caloric levels, presumably in defense of energy and nutritional homeostasis. This model of leptin treatment offers the opportunity to examine controls of food intake that are independent of leptin's actions, and provides a window for examining the nature of feeding controls in a “fatless” animal. Here we evaluate macronutrient selection during this fat-depleted phase of leptin treatment. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on standard pelleted rodent chow and given daily lateral ventricular injections of leptin or vehicle solution until body weight reached the nadir point and food intake returned to normal levels. Injections were then continued for 8 days, during which rats self-selected their daily diet from separate sources of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Macronutrient choice differed profoundly in leptin and control rats. Leptin rats exhibited a dramatic increase in protein intake, whereas controls exhibited a strong carbohydrate preference. Fat intake did not differ between groups at any time during the 8-day test. Despite these dramatic differences in macronutrient selection, total daily caloric intake did not differ between groups except on day 2. Thus controls of food intake related to ongoing metabolic and nutritional requirements may supersede the negative feedback signals related to body fat stores.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonists reduce caloric intake by decreasing palatable diet selection in a novel dessert protocol in female rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. R67-R75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M. Mathes ◽  
Marco Ferrara ◽  
Neil E. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cb1 Receptor Antagonists

Although many feeding protocols induce obesity, few use multiple foods to analyze diet selection within a single group of animals. To this end, we describe a protocol using time-limited access to a dessert that induces hyperphagia and body weight gain while allowing simple analysis of diet selection. Female retired breeder Sprague-Dawley rats were provided with ad libitum access to standard moist chow (1.67 kcal/g) and daily 8-h nocturnal access to either a sugar gel (SG; 0.31 kcal/g) or sugar fat whip (SFW; 7.35 kcal/g) for 15 days, and food intake and body weight were measured daily. Rats given SFW reduced moist chow intake but not enough to compensate for the large amount of calories consumed from SFW, and thus gained weight. We use this SFW overconsumption protocol to investigate the hypothesis that cannabinoid (CB)1 receptor antagonists reduce caloric intake by selectively decreasing consumption of palatable foods. In two experiments, female retired breeder Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either Rimonabant (1 mg/kg ip) or vehicle (equal parts polyethylene glycol and saline, 1 ml/kg ip) for 7 days, or one of three doses of AM251 (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg ip), or vehicle for 15 days; food intake and body weight were measured daily. Both Rimonabant and AM251 decreased 24-h caloric intake, but the reduction was specific to a decrease in SFW consumption. This supports the hypothesis that these CB1 receptor antagonists impact feeding by modulating the perception of palatability.

scholarly journals Antiobesity Activity of Elateriospermum tapos Shell Extract in Obesity-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Kokila Vani Perumal ◽  
Nor Liyana Ja’afar ◽  
Che Norma Mat Taib ◽  
Nurul Husna Shafie ◽  
Hasnah Bahari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Effective Result ◽  
Lipid Lowering Effect

Obesity is one of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, abnormal liver function, diabetes, and cancers. Orlistat is currently available to treat obesity, but it is associated with adverse side effects. Natural resources are widely used for obesity treatment. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity activity of Elateriospermum tapos (E. tapos) shell extract in obesity induced Sprague Dawley rats. The rats’ obesity was induced by a high-fat (HF) diet made up of 50% standard rat pellet, 20% milk powder, 6% corn starch, and 24% ghee and a cafeteria (CAF) diet such as chicken rolls, salty biscuits, cakes, and cheese snacks. A hot aqueous method for the extraction of E. tapos shells was applied by using 500 mL of distilled water for about 24 h. Various dosages of E. tapos shell extract (10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) were used. At the end of the study, body weight, caloric intake, organ weight, lipid profile, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and histopathology analysis were carried out. E. tapos shell extract treated groups showed a reduction in body weight, positive lipid-lowering effect, decrements in triglyceride accumulation and LPL activity, and positive improvement in histopathology analysis. A dose of 200 mg/kg showed the most effective result compared to 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg doses.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTI-OBESITY EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MUCUNA PRURIENS SEEDS ON RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Javid Mansuri ◽  
Archana Paranjape
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Brain Dopamine ◽  
Standard Drug

Objective: Evaluation of the anti-obesity effect of aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds on rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk. L-DOPA (12.5 mg/kg, p. o.) as standard drug and aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens (AEMP) seeds (200 mg/kg, p. o. and 400 mg/kg, p. o.) as test drugs were administered in last 4 wk along with HFD. Body weight, food intake, body mass index (BMI), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured at the end of fourth, eighth and twelfth wk, while white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and brain dopamine levels were measured at the end of the twelfth wk.Results: AEMP (200 mg/kg, p. o.) and (400 mg/kg, p. o.) treated groups showed a significant decrease in food intake and weight gain without altering BMI. Moreover, TG levels were lower in treated groups as compared to the HFD group, but no significant changes were observed in TC and HDL levels. L-DOPA-treated group showed a significant decrease in body weight, food intake, BMI and WAT. Both AEMP and L-DOPA-treated groups showed an increase in brain dopamine levels as compared to disease control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: L-DOPA and AEMP showed anti-obesity activity by reducing body weight gains, food intake and WAT weights; modulating TG with increased brain dopamine level which correlates to the inhibitory action of dopamine on reward mechanism. 

Influence of Dietary Fat and Carbohydrate on Food Intake, Body Weight and Body Fat of Adult Dogs

1978 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Romsos ◽  
M. J. Hornshuh ◽  
G. A. Leveille
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Fat

Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on development of obesity in the Zucker obese rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. E72-E78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Greenwood ◽  
M. P. Cleary ◽  
R. Gruen ◽  
D. Blase ◽  
J. S. Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Fat Cell Size ◽  
Obese Rats

Young Zucker lean (Fa/-) and obese (fa/fa) female rats were fed the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor (-)-hydroxy-citrate as a dietary admixture for 39 days. In the lean rats, (-)-hydroxycitrate treatment decreased body weight, food intake, percent of body fat, and fat cell size. In the obese rat, food intake and body weight were reduced but the percent of body fat remained unchanged. Throughout the treatment period, obese rats maintained a fat cell size equivalent to their obese controls. Although a reduction in fat cell number in the obese rats occurred during the treatment period, marked hyperplasia was observed during the posttreatment period. The results of this study indicate that the obese rat, despite a substantial reduction in body weight produced by (-)-hydroxycitrate, still defends its obese body composition.

scholarly journals Effect of fish paste products, fish balls ‘tsumire’, intake in Sprague–Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Kadokura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tomita ◽  
Kohei Suruga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract The fish paste product, fish balls ‘tsumire’, is a traditional type of Japanese food made from minced fish as well as imitation crab, kamaboko and hanpen. Although tsumire is known as a high-protein and low-fat food, there is a lack of scientific evidence on its health benefits. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of tsumire intake on organ weight and biomarker levels in Sprague–Dawley rats for 84 d as a preliminary study. Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: group I, fed normal diets, and group II, fed normal diets with 5 % dried tsumire. Throughout the administration period, we monitored their body weight and food intake; at the end of this period, we measured their organ weight and analysed their blood biochemistry. No significant differences were observed with respect to body weight, food intake, organ weight and many biochemical parameters between the two groups. It was found that inorganic phosphorus and glucose levels were higher in group II rats than in group I rats. On the other hand, sodium, calcium, amylase and cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in group II than in group I. Interestingly, we found that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase in group II were significantly lower than in group I, and that other liver function parameters of group II tended to be lower than in group I. In conclusion, we consider that the Japanese traditional food, ‘tsumire,’ may be effective as a functional food for human health management worldwide.

Bimatoprost promotes satiety and attenuates body weight in rats fed standard or obesity-promoting diets.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Spada ◽  
Chau Vu ◽  
Iona Raymond ◽  
Warren Tong ◽  
Chia-Lin Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Gut Hormone

Abstract Background Bimatoprost negatively regulates adipogenesis in vitro and likely participates in a negative feedback loop on anandamide-induced adipogenesis. Here, we investigate the broader metabolic effects of bimatoprost action in vivo in rats under both normal state and obesity-inducing conditions. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were a fed standard chow (SC) diet in conjunction with dermally applied bimatoprost treatment for a period of 9–10 weeks. Body weight gain, energy expenditure, food intake, and hormones associated with satiety were measured. Gastric emptying was also separately evaluated. In obesity-promoting diet studies, rats were fed a cafeteria diet (CAF) and gross weight, fat accumulation in SQ, visceral fat and liver was evaluated together with standard serum chemistry. Results Chronic bimatoprost administration attenuated weight gain in rats fed either standard or obesity-promoting diets over a 9–10 weeks. Bimatoprost increased satiety as measured by decreased food intake, gastric emptying and circulating gut hormone levels. Additionally, SQ and visceral fat mass was distinctly affected by treatment. Bimatoprost increased satiety as measured by decreased food intake, gastric emptying and circulating gut hormone levels. Conclusions These findings suggest that bimatoprost (and possibly prostamide F2α) regulates energy homeostasis through actions on dietary intake. These actions likely counteract the metabolic actions of anandamide through the endocannabinoid system potentially revealing a new pathway that could be exploited for therapeutic development.

scholarly journals 349 Empty body composition and retained energy of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Kaitlyn Wesley ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body

Abstract This experiment was designed to quantify the empty body composition of Jersey steers administered an aggressive implant strategy. Jersey steers {n = 30; initial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg} were randomly assigned to one of two implant strategies: negative control (CON), or implanted with Revalor 200 (200 mg trenbalone acetate / 20 mg estradiol 17-β; (REV) every 70 d (d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) during a 420 d feeding period. Steers were harvested on d 421; 6 CON and 6 REV steers were randomly selected for collection of blood, hide, ground viscera, bone, and ground lean and fat to determine empty body composition. Proximate analysis was completed for each sample to determine total body percentages of moisture, crude protein, fat, and ash. Data were analyzed via independent t-test. Percentage empty body moisture (46.48% CON vs 49.69% REV) and empty body protein (15.32% CON vs 17.58% REV) were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in REV cattle. In contrast empty body fat (33.51% CON vs 26.93% REV) was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for CON cattle. Empty body ash did not differ (P &gt; 0.10; 4.69% CON vs 5.80% REV) between treatments. Negative control steers contained a total empty body protein to total empty body fat ratio of 0.44:1 compared to 0.62:1 for REV steers. These data suggest that an aggressive implant strategy alters composition of gain during the finishing of Jersey steers toward increased protein and decreased fat.

scholarly journals Role of SOCS3 in POMC neurons in metabolic and cardiovascular regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (4) ◽  
pp. R338-R351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jussara M. do Carmo ◽  
Alexandre A. da Silva ◽  
Kandice C. Bailey ◽  
Nicola Aberdein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
And Control

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of leptin signaling. We previously showed that the chronic effects of leptin on blood pressure (BP) and glucose regulation are mediated by stimulation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. In this study we examined the importance of endogenous SOCS3 in POMC neurons in control of metabolic and cardiovascular function and potential sex differences. Male and female SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre mice in which SOCS3 was selectively deleted in POMC neurons and control SOCS3flox/flox mice were studied during a control diet (CD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and during chronic leptin infusion. Body weight was lower in male and female SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre than control mice fed the CD, despite similar food intake. Male SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre mice exhibited increased energy expenditure. BP and heart rate were similar in male and female SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre and control mice fed the CD. HFD-fed male and female SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre mice showed attenuated weight gain. HFD-induced elevations in baseline BP and BP responses to an air-jet stress test were greater in female SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre than control mice. Chronic leptin infusion produced similar responses for food intake, body weight, oxygen consumption, blood glucose, BP, and heart rate in all groups. Thus SOCS3 deficiency in POMC neurons influences body weight regulation in the setting of CD and HFD and differentially affects BP and energy balance in a sex-specific manner but does not amplify the dietary, glycemic, or cardiovascular effects of leptin.

scholarly journals Detoxification of a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments, and preliminary nutritional evaluation with rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Aregheore ◽  
K. Becker ◽  
H.P.S. Makkar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Diet Control

Seeds from a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas (Capo Verde, Nicaragua) were processed, defatted and ground to obtain the meal. The meal was subjected to heat and 14 different chemical treatments to detoxify the meal of lectin and phorbolesters. Heat treatment inactivated lectin, but not phorbolester. One of the treatments reduced phorbolesters to a tolerable level of 0.09 mg/g. The treated meals with other ingredients were used in diets to assess acceptance and nutritive value of detoxified Jatropha curcas meal in two experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 had twelve (12) male weanling rats each, Sprague Dawley strain, 28-30 days old, pre-experimental average body weights of 8379±7.2 and 84.6±6.4 g, respectively. They were divided into three groups according to body weight and fed casein diet (control) and two diets in which Jatropha curcas was the protein source. In experiment 1, the rats accepted diet 1, but did not fully accept diet 2. Food intake, growth rate, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and food transformation index (T1) were significantly better (P<0.05) in diet 1 than in the casein and diet 2. In experiment 2, casein diet was better (P<0.05) in food intake, growth rate, PER and TI than diets 1 and 2. Food intake with Jatropha meal was significantly reduced and the rats had drastic body weight loss (P<0.05) and this might be due to the presence of phorbolesters in the diets. Generally, the presence of phorbolesters in food has significant effect on its acceptance. Jatropha meal obtained from treatment 3 had a crude protein (CP) content of 68%, far higher than the CP content of most oilseed meals (soyabean). This treatment seems a better method of detoxifying Jatropha curcas meal for livestock but in economic terms it is expensive to produce a meal from it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document