Endotoxemia and hepatic injury in a rodent model of hindlimb unloading

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1656-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Rivera ◽  
M. H. Tcharmtchi ◽  
L. Mendoza ◽  
C. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Organ Systems

Hindlimb unloading (HU) is known to induce physiological alterations in various organ systems that mimic some responses observed after exposure to microgravity. In the present study, the effects of up to 4 wk of HU on the liver were assessed in male Wistar rats and two mouse strains: endotoxin-sensitive C57BL/6 mice and endotoxin-resistant C3H/HEJ mice. Plasma levels of endotoxin, a known stimulator of hepatic injury, were measured in portal and systemic blood samples. Endotoxin was elevated by ∼50% in portal blood samples of mice and rats but was not detectable in systemic blood. This low-grade portal endotoxemia was associated with hepatic injury in rats and C57BL/6 mice as indicated by inflammation and elevated serum transaminase activities. Blood levels of the cytokine TNF-α were increased by ∼50% in C57BL/6 mice; no significant elevation of this cytokine was detected in rats. Messenger RNA levels of the acute-phase proteins serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein were significantly enhanced after 3 wk of HU in endotoxin-sensitive rodents. In contrast, no histological changes or significant increases in serum enzyme activity were detected after HU in C3H/HEJ mice despite portal endotoxin levels of 222 ± 83.4 pg/ml. At the 3-wk time point, expression of acute-phase proteins was not elevated in C3H/HEJ mice; however, expression after 4 wk of HU was similar to endotoxin-sensitive rodents. In conclusion, these findings indicate that HU induced mild portal endotoxemia, which contributed to the observed hepatic injury in endotoxin-sensitive rodents.

scholarly journals Sustained Low-Grade Pro-inflammatory State in Unmedicated, Remitted Women with Major Depressive Disorder as Evidenced by Elevated Serum Levels of the Acute Phase Proteins C-reactive Protein and Serum Amyloid A

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchel A. Kling ◽  
Salvatore Alesci ◽  
Gyorgy Csako ◽  
Rene Costello ◽  
David A. Luckenbaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Inflammatory State

scholarly journals Acute phase proteins and biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in Hypoderma spp. infested cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. MERHAN ◽  
K. BOZUKLUHAN ◽  
H. I. GOKCE
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of the present study was to determine concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP), oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in naturally infested cattle with Hypoderma spp. For this purpose, 10 clinically healthy cattle as controls and 25 Brown Swiss cattle with Hypoderma spp. were used. Blood samples were collectedto tubes from jugular vein. Parts of blood samples were stored without any process as a whole blood. The serum was separated from the remaining blood samples. The reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole blood and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin, serum amyloid A (SAA), AST, GGT, ALP, CK, albumin, urea and total protein levels in serum were colorimetrically determined. The present study indicated that the concentrations of Hp, SAA, ceruloplasmin, AST, GGT, ALP, CK, and MDA were significantly increased, and albumin, total protein, GSH concentrations were significantly decreased in the Hypoderma spp. infested group compared to the control group. Additionally, the increase in serum Hp levels was proportional to the number of Hypoderma spp. and it was statistically significant. In conclusion, the production of APP increased in a response to acute phase response in animals with subcutaneous warbles. Furthermore, liver functions were also shown to be impaired and oxidative stress developed as a result of metabolic products of the parasite in Hypoderma spp. infested cattle.

scholarly journals Determination of selected acute phase proteins during the treatment of limb diseases in dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jawor ◽  
S. Steiner ◽  
T. Stefaniak ◽  
W. Baumgartner ◽  
A. Rzasa
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Phase Protein

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A determination in the monitoring of the treatment of limb diseases in dairy cows. Fourteen lame cows were examined, while 10 clinically healthy cows constituted the control group. Blood samples from the ill animals were collected on three occasions: (1) upon arrival at the clinic, (2) between the third and sixth day after arriving, and (3) upon return to the owner. Blood samples from the control cows were collected once. Plasma levels of fibrinogen, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and total serum protein and its fractions (albumin, &alpha;-, &beta;-, &gamma;-globulins) were measured. Significantly higher fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A levels were observed in the affected cows upon arrival at the clinic than in the control cows. Based on the changes in fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A concentrations, the cows were divided into those with a systematic decrease in acute-phase protein levels during treatment (Group I, <I>n</I> = 6) and those which showed an increase in one or more acute-phase proteins despite treatment (Group II, <I>n</I> = 8). A stepwise decrease in the examined acute-phase proteins was observed in the first group and indicated an uncomplicated course of treatment; however, treatment of the second group did not appear to be wholly successful. A majority of the cows under treatment (<I>n</I> = 13) exhibited abnormal levels of the examined acute-phase proteins upon return to the owner. This indicates that these patients did not recover completely. The monitoring of plasma acute-phase protein concentrations can be a valuable complement to the clinical assessment of the treatment course and in the early detection of disease complications.

scholarly journals Comparison of host endothelial, epithelial and inflammatory response in ICU patients with and without COVID-19: a prospective observational cohort study

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan K. Bhatraju ◽  
Eric D. Morrell ◽  
Leila Zelnick ◽  
Neha A. Sathe ◽  
Xin-Ya Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Epithelial Cell Injury

Abstract Background Analyses of blood biomarkers involved in the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection can reveal distinct biological pathways and inform development and testing of therapeutics for COVID-19. Our objective was to evaluate host endothelial, epithelial and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19. Methods We prospectively enrolled 171 ICU patients, including 78 (46%) patients positive and 93 (54%) negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection from April to September, 2020. We compared 22 plasma biomarkers in blood collected within 24 h and 3 days after ICU admission. Results In critically ill COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, the most common ICU admission diagnoses were respiratory failure or pneumonia, followed by sepsis and other diagnoses. Similar proportions of patients in both groups received invasive mechanical ventilation at the time of study enrollment. COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients had similar rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe acute kidney injury, and in-hospital mortality. While concentrations of interleukin 6 and 8 were not different between groups, markers of epithelial cell injury (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, sRAGE) and acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A, SAA) were significantly higher in COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19, adjusting for demographics and APACHE III scores. In contrast, angiopoietin 2:1 (Ang-2:1 ratio) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR-1), markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, were significantly lower in COVID-19 (p < 0.002). Ang-2:1 ratio and SAA were associated with mortality only in non-COVID-19 patients. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that, unlike other well-studied causes of critical illness, endothelial dysfunction may not be characteristic of severe COVID-19 early after ICU admission. Pathways resulting in elaboration of acute phase proteins and inducing epithelial cell injury may be promising targets for therapeutics in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Effects of Stocking and Transport Conditions on Physicochemical Properties of Meat and Acute-Phase Proteins in Cattle

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Abubakar ◽  
Idrus Zulkifli ◽  
Yong M. Goh ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
Azad B. Sabow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Water Holding

This study’s objective was to evaluate the effects of distance and stocking density on physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of meat and acute-phase proteins in Brahman crossbred cattle transported by road under hot and humid tropical conditions. Sixty Brahman crossbred heifers were subjected to road transport from a cattle feedlot farm located in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, to a commercial ruminant abattoir in Shah Alam, Selangor. Animals were assigned to long and short distances and high, medium, and low stocking densities. The results revealed that the intensity of response significantly increased in meat samples from animals subjected to long-distance transportation and higher stocking density. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and serum amyloid-A values increased considerably and were different from the baseline values recorded at preload. In conclusion, the current results revealed that the color, pH, shear force values, water holding capacity (WHC), glycogen level, and malondilaldehyde assay (MDA) concentrations in meat and acute-phase proteins (APP) were affected by both distances and stocking densities, as evidenced by the significant changes recorded from the parameters above.

scholarly journals Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice—Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes?

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Alain Menzel ◽  
Hanen Samouda ◽  
Francois Dohet ◽  
Suva Loap ◽  
Mohammed S. Ellulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS—being ubiquitous—and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also –omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.

Variations in the levels of acute-phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk during bovine subclinical mastitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aarsha Raj ◽  
Vinodkumar Kulangara ◽  
Tresamol P. Vareed ◽  
Deepa P. Melepat ◽  
Latha Chattothayil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Bacterial Organism

Abstract Variations in the levels of acute phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are described in this research paper. Milking animals from two organized dairy farms in Kerala, India, were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT), Electrical Conductivity test (EC) and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) test to identify animals affected with sub clinical mastitis (SCM). The concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) Haptoglobin (Hp), C- reactive protein (CRP), Albumin, Lactoferrin (Lf) and α- 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) in milk and Hp, Albumin, Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and CRP in the serum of 40 normal cows and 40 cows affected with sub clinical mastitis were assessed. Solid phase ELISA was employed for assessment of all parameters except the albumin levels, for which spectrophotometry was used. The values of Hp in milk; and SAA, AGP and Lf in serum, were significantly elevated in the group with sub clinical mastitis. Such variations were found to be independent of the specific bacterial organism causing the disease. These results show that significant variations exist in the levels of acute phase proteins Hp, AGP and Lf in milk, and SAA in serum of animals affected with subclinical bovine mastitis that are not affected by specific bacterial etiology.

scholarly journals Immunization with Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Serotype 3 and Lipopolysaccharide Modulates Lung and Liver Inflammation during a Virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection in Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Restori ◽  
Mary J. Kennett ◽  
A. Catharine Ross
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pneumonia Severity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Amyloid A

ABSTRACTVaccination reduces morbidity and mortality from pneumonia, but its effect on the tissue-level response to infection is still poorly understood. We evaluated pneumonia disease progression, acute-phase response, and lung gene expression profiles in mice inoculated intranasally with virulent Gram-positiveStreptococcus pneumoniaeserotype 3 (ST 3) with and without prior immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide ST 3 (PPS3) or after coimmunization with PPS3 and a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (PPS3+LPS). Pneumonia severity was assessed in the acute phase at 5, 12, 24 and 48 h postinoculation (p.i.) and in the resolution phase at 7 days p.i. Primary PPS3-specific antibody production was upregulated, and IgM binding to pneumococci increased in PPS3-immunized mice. Immunizations with PPS3 or PPS3+LPS decreased bacterial recovery in the lung and blood at 24 and 48 h and increased survival. Microarray analysis of whole-lung RNA revealed significant changes in the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) levels between noninfected and infected mice, and these changes were attenuated by immunization. SAA transcripts were higher in the liver and lungs of infected controls, and SAA protein was elevated in serum but decreased in PPS3-immunized mice. Thus, during a virulent pneumonia infection, prior immunization with PPS3 in an IgM-dependent manner as well as immunization with PPS3+LPS attenuated pneumonia severity and promoted resolution of infection, concomitant with significant regulation of cytokine gene expression levels in the lungs and acute-phase proteins in the lungs, liver, and serum.

scholarly journals Pemeriksaan Laboratorium sebagai Indikator Sepsis dan Syok Septik

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Diana S. Purwanto ◽  
Dalima A.W. Astrawinata
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Tissue Hypoperfusion ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
Bacterial Products

Abstract: The complexity of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of sepsis involves almost all types of cells, tissues, and organ systems. Therefore, there are numbers of laboratory tests that can be used as biomarkers of sepsis and septic shock. Some widely used biomarkers are divided into groups of bacterial products, acute phase proteins, tissue hypoperfusion, coagulation mediators, cell surfaces, and cytokines.Keywords: sepsis, septic shock, biomarkersAbstrak: Kompleksnya patogenesis dan patofisiologi sepsis melibatkan hampir semua jenis sel, jaringan, dan sistem organ. Oleh karena itu, terdapat banyak parameter laboratorik yang dapat dijadikan biomarker sepsis dan syok septik. Berbagai biomarker yang banyak digunakan terbagi dalam kelompokan produk bakteri, protein fase akut, hipoperfusi jaringan, mediator koagulasi, permukaan sel, dan sitokin.Kata kunci: sepsis, syok septik, biomarker

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