scholarly journals Beverage-Specific Alcohol Sale and Cardiovascular Mortality in Russia

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. E. Razvodovsky
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Distilled Spirits ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Female Rate ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Objective. Recent research evidence suggests that the consumption of different types of alcoholic beverage may have a differential effect on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality rates. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between the consumption of different beverage types and CVD mortality rates in Russia across the later-Soviet and post-Soviet periods.Method. Age-standardized male and female CVD mortality data for the period 1970–2005 and data on beverage-specific alcohol sales were obtained Russian State Statistical Committee (Rosstat). Time-series analytical modeling techniques (ARIMA) were used to examine the relation between the sales of different alcoholic beverages and CVD mortality rates.Results. Vodka consumption as measured by sales was significantly associated with both male and female CVD mortality rates: a 1 liter increase in vodka sales would result in a 5.3% increase in the male CVD mortality rate and a 3.7% increase in the female rate. The consumption of beer and wine were not associated with CVD mortality rates.Conclusions. The findings from this study suggest that public health efforts should focus on both reducing overall consumption and changing beverage preference away from distilled spirits in order to reduce cardiovascular mortality rates in Russia.

The effects of beverage type on suicide rates in Russia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1637-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.E. Razvodovsky
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Beverage Type ◽  
Distilled Spirits ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modelling Techniques

ObjectivePrevious research has suggested that the consumption of different types of alcoholic beverage may have a differential effect on suicide rates. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between the consumption of different beverage types and suicide rates in Russia across the later-Soviet and post-Soviet periods.MethodAge-standardised sex- and age-specific suicide rates for the period 1980–2005 and data on beverage-specific alcohol sales were obtained Russian State Statistical Committee (Rosstat). Time-series analytical modelling techniques (ARIMA) were used to examine the relation between the sale of different alcoholic beverages and suicide rates.ResultsVodka consumption as measured by sales was significantly associated with both male and female suicide rates. The consumption of beer and wine were not associated with suicide rates. The estimates of the age specific models for men were positive (except for the 75+ age group) and ranging from 0.069 (60–74 age group) to 0.123 (30–44 age group). The estimates for women were positive for the 15–29 age group (0.08), 30–44 age group (0.096) and 45–59 age group (0.057).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that public health efforts should focus on both reducing overall consumption and changing beverage preference away from distilled spirits in order to reduce suicide rates in Russia.

scholarly journals Serum Uric Acid Revealed a U-Shaped Relationship With All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality in High Atherosclerosis Risk Patients: The ASSURE Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Cang ◽  
Shaojie Xu ◽  
Jingyin Zhang ◽  
Jingyi Ju ◽  
Zijun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated an association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Framingham study confirmed that patients with high atherosclerotic risks (HARs) had worse prognoses. However, after adjusting for confounding factors, the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality remains unclear, especially for HAR patients.Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship of SUA with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in HAR patients.Methods: This multicenter cohort study enrolled 3,047 participants, and the follow-up was 68.85 ± 11.37 months. Factors related to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were tested by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Restricted cubic splines (RCSs) with knots were used to explore the shape of the dose–response relationship with SUA and the hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause and CVD mortality. SUA transformed by RCS was added to the Cox regression model as an independent variable, and all-cause and CVD mortality scores were calculated. Survival receiver operating characteristic curves were produced using a regression model predicting the score.Results: SUA demonstrated a “U-shaped” relationship with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. SUA predicted all-cause and CVD mortality, with cutoff values of values of >370.5 μmol/L for males and >327.65 μmol/L for females and <180.5 μmol/L for males and <165.7 μmol/L for females, respectively. The survival ROC curve indicated that SUA is able to predict all-cause and CVD mortality, with areas under the curve of 0.702 and 0.711, respectively. The HRs of all-cause mortality (male and female) with hyperuricemia and hypouricemia were 2.08 and 2.01 and 2.04 and 1.98, respectively, and the HRs of CVD mortality (male and female) were 2.09 and 1.79, and 2.02 and 1.89, respectively.Conclusion: Abnormal SUA levels were significant and independent risk factors for all-cause and CVD mortality. Hyperuricemia and hypouricemia increased mortality in both males and females. Routine SUA evaluation and intensive management are needed for HAR patients.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03616769.

Abstract P060: Reduction of Cardiovascular Mortality in the United States Population, 1988-2004: A Larger Contribution of Declining Exposures to Cadmium and Lead Compared to Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Ruiz-Hernandez ◽  
Ana Navas-Acien ◽  
Roberto Pastor-Barriuso ◽  
Josep Redon ◽  
Eliseo Guallar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
The Us ◽  
Urine Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Introduction: Lead and cadmium exposures have markedly declined in the US following the banning of lead in gasoline and the implementation of tobacco control, air pollution reduction, and hazardous waste remediation policies since the mid 1970s. While lead and cadmium have been proposed as cardiovascular disease risk factors, little is known about their potential contribution to the decline in cardiovascular mortality in US adults. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that lead and cadmium exposure reductions partly explain the decreasing trend in cardiovascular mortality that occurred in the US from 1988-1994 to 1999-2004, after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors including smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and dyslipidemia. Methods: Cohort study of 15,421 men and women ≥40 years old participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. We implemented a mediation approach with additive hazard models to estimate the reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates over time explained through changes in urine cadmium and blood lead concentrations. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, race and smoking, urine cadmium and blood lead concentrations decreased by 20.4 and 38.2%, respectively, between 1988-1934 and 1999-2004. Age-adjusted CVD mortality rates in the US decreased from 712.0 to 356.8 /100.000 person-years comparing 1988-1994 to 1999-2004. Changes in traditional CVD risk factors explained 16% of this decline. The observed reductions in urine cadmium and blood lead levels explained an additional 27.6% of this decline. Conclusions: The net impact of declining cadmium and lead exposures on mortality changes in the US was larger compared to traditional risk factors. These findings support that reducing cadmium and lead exposures resulted in a major public health achievement. The general population, however, remains exposed to cadmium and lead at concentrations that have been associated to CVD in the US population. Preventive strategies to enable additional reductions in exposure to cadmium and lead are needed.

scholarly journals Contribution of Alcohol to Hypertension Mortality in Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. E. Razvodovsky
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Series Analysis

Background. Hypertension (HTN) is reported to be the leading contributor to premature death globally. Considerable research evidence suggests that excessive alcohol intake (binge drinking) is an independent risk factor for HTN. It was repeatedly emphasized that binge drinking is a major contributor to a high cardiovascular mortality rate in Russia.Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the aggregate-level relation between alcohol consumption and HTN mortality rates in Russia.Method. Age-standardized sex-specific male and female HTN mortality data for the period 1980–2005 and data on overall alcohol consumption were analyzed by means of ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) time-series analysis. The level of alcohol consumption per capita has been estimated using the indirect method based on alcohol psychoses incidence rate and employing ARIMA time-series analysis.Results. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with both male and female HTN mortality rates: a 1-liter increase in overall alcohol consumption would result in a 6.3% increase in the male HTN mortality rate and in a 4.9% increase in female HTN mortality rate. The results of the analysis suggest that 57.5% of all male HTN deaths and 48.6% of all female HTN deaths in Russia could be attributed to alcohol.Conclusions. The outcomes of this study provide support for the hypothesis that alcohol is an important contributor to the high HTN mortality rate in the Russian Federation. The findings from the present study have important implications with to regards HTN mortality prevention, indicating that a restrictive alcohol policy can be considered as an effective measure of prevention in countries with a higher rate of alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Maternal Stroke

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (7) ◽  
pp. 727-738
Author(s):  
Islam Y. Elgendy ◽  
Syed Bukhari ◽  
Amr F. Barakat ◽  
Carl J. Pepine ◽  
Kathryn J. Lindley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Significant Burden

Maternal mortality rates have been steadily increasing in the United States, and cardiovascular mortality is the leading cause of death among pregnant and postpartum women. Maternal stroke accounts for a significant burden of cardiovascular mortality. Data suggest that rates of maternal stroke have been increasing in recent years. Advancing maternal age at the time of birth and the increasing prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and other risk factors, as well, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, migraine, and infections, may contribute to increased rates of maternal stroke. In this article, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of maternal stroke, explore mechanisms that may explain increasing rates of stroke among pregnant women, and identify key knowledge gaps for future investigation in this area.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular mortality in a Western Asian country: results from the Iran Cohort Consortium

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e020303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noushin Fahimfar ◽  
Davood Khalili ◽  
Sadaf Ghajarieh Sepanlou ◽  
Reza Malekzadeh ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Cvd Mortality

ObjectivesCardiovascular mortality in Western Asia is high and still rising. However, most data documented on risk prediction has been derived from Western countries and few population-based cohort studies have been conducted in this region. The current study aimed to present the process of pooling data and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality incidences for four Iranian cohorts.MethodsFrom the Iran Cohort Consortium, the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS), Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS) and the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study (ShECS) were eligible for the current study since they had appropriate data and follow-up visits. Age-standardised CVD mortality rates were estimated for ages 40–80 and 40–65 years. Cox regression was used to compare mortalities among cohorts. Adjusted marginal rates were calculated using Poisson regression.ResultsOverall, 61 291 participants (34 880 women) aged 40–80 years, free of CVD at baseline, were included. During 504 606 person-years of follow-up, 1981 CVD deaths (885 women) occurred. Age-standardised/sex-standardised premature CVD mortality rates were estimated from 133 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 81 to 184) in ShECS to 366 (95% CI 342 to 389) in the GCS. Compared with urban women, rural women had higher CVD mortality in the GCS but not in the ICS. The GCS population had a higher risk of CVD mortality, compared with the others, adjusted for conventional CVD risk factors.ConclusionsThe incidence of CVD mortality is high with some differences between urban and rural cohorts in Iran as a Western Asian country. Pooling data facilitates the opportunity to globally evaluate risk prediction models.

scholarly journals Evaluation of selected locally brewed alcoholic beverages on the serum hormonal profile of albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 037-045
Author(s):  
Olusayo Moritiwon ◽  
Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko ◽  
David Oyebode ◽  
James Bitrus ◽  
Amos Paul Bassi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Toxicological Effect

Locally brewed alcoholic beverages have become part of the socio-economic life of the Nigerian and West African communities. The negative effect of the use of the beverages on both health, economic and social life is worth exploring amidst the increasing challenges of poverty, inadequate health facilities, lack of basic social amenities amongst many others. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of some selected locally brewed Nigerian alcoholic beverage on the hormonal profile of male and female albino rats. A total of 60 screened rats (spaque Dawley strain) of body weight 180-200g and comprising 30 males and females each were randomly divided into five groups of six animals of same sex per cage and administered with various doses of local alcoholic beverages - goskolo, burukutu, pito and ogogoro per oral for a period of 21 days. Serum hormonal assays were carried out with the use of the respective EIA Kit, ELISA microwells and microplate immunoassay. Results revealed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone) in all the male treated with these alcoholic beverages, while LH and FSH were not significantly affected. The toxicological evaluation of traditional alcoholic beverages pito, burukutu, ogogorogo and goskolo revealed significant decrease in the sex hormonal profile of male and female albino rats. This buttressed the toxicological effect by way of decrease in the activity of the sex hormones necessary for fertility and reproduction the rats.

scholarly journals Alcohol-related mortality in Czechia in a comparative view of European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kulhánová ◽  
L Kážmér ◽  
M Lustigová
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
European Standard Population ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption is an important risk factor of mortality. Czechia is a country with one of the highest alcohol intake in Europe. The severity of the alcohol-related consequences depends on the volume of alcohol consumption over time, the pattern of drinking and the quality of alcoholic beverages. The aim was to analyse the temporal changes of premature mortality related to alcohol in Czechia and compare these changes with other European countries. Methods Mortality data by sex, age and cause of death were obtained from the Czech Statistical Office and the WHO Mortality Database for the years 1999-2016. The main alcohol-related causes of death investigated in this study were alcoholic psychosis, dependence, and abuse, alcoholic liver cirrhosis, accidental poisoning by alcohol, and alcoholic cardiomyopathy. We calculated the age-standardized mortality rates (per 100,000) using the European Standard Population. The analysis was limited to the age group of 25-64 years. Results Relatively stable rates of premature mortality related to alcohol were observed in the last decade in Czechia. With respect to gender, mortality rates of alcohol-related causes were about three times higher among Czech males, as compared to Czech females. Alcoholic liver disease accounted for more than half of the alcohol-related mortality in both sexes. Conclusions Compared to other European countries, Czechia has high burden of alcohol-related mortality. However, it follows similar patterns as other central and eastern European countries. In order to reduce this burden, it is necessary to strengthen alcohol-related policies to decrease the alcohol consumption in Czechia. Key messages The high intake of alcohol in Czechia implies the high alcohol-related mortality. The alcohol-related mortality remained stable in Czechia over the observed period.

scholarly journals Joint modelling of male and female mortality rates using adaptive P-splines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Kai Hon Tang ◽  
Erengul Dodd ◽  
Jonathan J. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Joint Modelling ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Crude Mortality

Abstract Raw mortality data often exhibit irregular patterns due to randomness. Graduation refers to the act of smoothing crude mortality rates. In this paper, we propose a flexible and robust methodology for graduating mortality rates using adaptive P-splines. Since the observed data at high ages are often sparse and unreliable, we use an exponentially increasing penalty. We use mortality data of England and Wales and model male and female mortality rates jointly by means of penalties, achieving borrowing of information between the two sexes.

Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Maria Masocco ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

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