Evaluation on the Pharmacological Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine SiJunZiTang on Stress-Induced Peptic Ulcers

Purpose. To explore the effects of SiJunZiTang (SJZT) on central neurotransmitters and the inhibition of HCl hypersecretion, along with the role of the vagus nerve. From this, the effects of SJZT and its constituent ingredients on inhibiting stress-induced peptic ulcers will be determined.Methods. Methods used to determine SJZT's effectiveness included (1) measuring the antipeptic ulcer effects of varying combinations of the constituents of SJZT; (2) evaluations of monoamine (MA) level in the brain; and (3) measuring the effects of longer-term SJZT treatment.Results. Comparing the control and experimental groups where the rats’ vagus nerves were not cut after taking SJZT orally (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg), the volume of enterogastric juice, free HCl and total acidity all reduce dose-dependently. The group administered SJZT at 1000 mg/kg showed significant reductions (P<0.05). For the experimental groups where the vagus nerves were cut, a comparison with the control group suggests that the group receiving SJZT (500 mg/kg) orally for 21 days demonstrated a cure rate of 34.53%.Conclusion. The results display a correlation between the therapeutic effects of SJZT on stress-induced peptic ulcers and central neurotransmitter levels. Further to this, SJZT can inhibit the hypersecretion of HCl in the stomach, thus inhibiting stress-induced peptic ulcers.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Repairing the Neurovascular Unit after Ischemic Stroke

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10040767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 767

Author(s):

Courtney Davis ◽

Sean I. Savitz ◽

Nikunj Satani

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Neurovascular Unit ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Stroke Treatment ◽

Inflammatory Molecules ◽

The Brain

Ischemic stroke is a debilitating disease and one of the leading causes of long-term disability. During the early phase after ischemic stroke, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) exhibits increased permeability and disruption, leading to an influx of immune cells and inflammatory molecules that exacerbate the damage to the brain tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells have been investigated as a promising therapy to improve the recovery after ischemic stroke. The therapeutic effects imparted by MSCs are mostly paracrine. Recently, the role of extracellular vesicles released by these MSCs have been studied as possible carriers of information to the brain. This review focuses on the potential of MSC derived EVs to repair the components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) controlling the BBB, in order to promote overall recovery from stroke. Here, we review the techniques for increasing the effectiveness of MSC-based therapeutics, such as improved homing capabilities, bioengineering protein expression, modified culture conditions, and customizing the contents of EVs. Combining multiple techniques targeting NVU repair may provide the basis for improved future stroke treatment paradigms.

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Comparative study on the antituberculous effect and mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicines NiuBeiXiaoHe extract and JieHeWan

Military Medical Research ◽

10.1186/s40779-021-00324-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Li-Yao Duan ◽

Yan Liang ◽

Wen-Ping Gong ◽

Yong Xue ◽

Jie Mi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Model Group ◽

Lung Histopathology ◽

Th17 Cytokines

Abstract Background The traditional Chinese medicine NiuBeiXiaoHe (NBXH) extract and Chinese medicine preparation JieHeWan (JHW) exhibit anti-tuberculosis effects. The anti- tuberculosis effect of NBXH was compared with that of JHW to elucidate the mechanism of action of NBXH. Methods BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into a normal control group, Tuberculosis (TB) model group, JHW treatment group, and NBXH treatment group. After 3 and 13 weeks of treatment, the therapeutic effect in each group was evaluated by comparing lung histopathology, lung and liver colony counts, the number of spots representing effector T cells secreting IFN-γ in an ELISPOT, and the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines, which were measured by a cytometric bead array (CBA). Mouse RNA samples were subjected to transcriptome sequencing. Results After 13 weeks of treatment, the mean histopathological lesion area of the NBXH group was significantly smaller than that of the TB model group (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the TB model group, the lung colony counts in the JHW and NBXH groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the IL-2 and IL-4 levels in the NBXH group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). NBXH partly restored significant changes in gene expression caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. According to GO and KEGG analyses, the changes in biological process (BP), cell composition (CC) and molecular function (MF) terms and in signaling pathways caused by NBXH and JHW treatment were not completely consistent, but they were mainly related to the immune response and inflammatory response in the mouse TB model. Conclusions NBXH had therapeutic effects similar to those of JHW in improving lung histopathology, reducing lung colony counts, and regulating the levels of cytokines. NBXH restored significant changes in gene expression and repaired cell damage caused by M. tuberculosis infection by regulating immune-related pathways, which clarified the mechanism of action of NBXH.

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Role of Nitric Oxide in Regulation of Brain Stem Circulation during Hypotension

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1097/00004647-199710000-00011 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 1089-1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Kazunori Toyoda ◽

Kenichiro Fujii ◽

Setsuro Ibayashi ◽

Tetsuhiko Nagao ◽

Takanari Kitazono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Brain Stem ◽

Topical Application ◽

Basilar Artery ◽

Group Versus ◽

Control Group ◽

Cranial Window ◽

Severe Hypotension ◽

The Brain

We tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in CBF autoregulation in the brain stem during hypotension. In anesthetized rats, local CBF to the brain stem was determined with laser-Doppler flowmetry, and diameters of the basilar artery and its branches were measured through an open cranial window during stepwise hemorrhagic hypotension. During topical application of 10−5 mol/L and 10−4 mol/L Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a nonselective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), CBF started to decrease at higher steps of mean arterial blood pressure in proportion to the concentration of L-NNA in stepwise hypotension (45 to 60 mm Hg in the 10−5 mol/L and 60 to 75 mm Hg in the 10−4 mol/L L-NNA group versus 30 to 45 mm Hg in the control group). Dilator response of the basilar artery to severe hypotension was significantly attenuated by topical application of L-NNA (maximum dilatation at 30 mm Hg: 16 ± 8% in the 10−5 mol/L and 12 ± 5% in the 10−4 mol/L L-NNA group versus 34 ± 4% in the control group), but that of the branches was similar between the control and L-NNA groups. Topical application of 10−5 mol/L 7-nitro indazole, a selective inhibitor of neuronal NOS, did not affect changes in CBF or vessel diameter through the entire pressure range. Thus, endothelial but not neuronal NO seems to take part in the regulation of CBF to the the brain stem during hypotension around the lower limits of CBF autoregulation. The role of NO in mediating dilatation in response to hypotension appears to be greater in large arteries than in small ones.

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The Effects of Chinese Medicine QRD, Antibiotics, and Probiotics on Therapy and Gut Microbiota in Septic Rats

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.712028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Huiling Cao ◽

Chunhui Zong ◽

Wenkui Dai ◽

Qiaoying Gao ◽

Donghua Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Medical Emergency ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Sham Operation ◽

Therapeutic Effects

Sepsis is a common and often treacherous medical emergency with a high mortality and long-term complications in survivors. Though antibiotic therapy can reduce death rate of sepsis significantly, it impairs gut microbiota (GM), which play imperative roles in human health. In this study, we compared the therapeutic effects of antibiotics, probiotics, and Chinese medicine QRD on the survival rates of septic model and observed the GM characteristics of experimental rats via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The 72 h survival rates of septic rat demonstrated the significant therapeutic effects in the three groups treated with antibiotics (AT), Chinses medicine QRD (QT), and probiotics (PT), which were elevated from the survival rate of 26.67% for the sepsis control group (ST) to 100.0% for AT, 88.24% for QT, and 58.33% for PT. The original characteristics of GM identified in the sham operation controls (SC) were relatively similar to those in PT and QT; nevertheless, the AT rats were shown dramatically decreased in the GM diversity. In addition, the septic rats in AT were revealed the higher abundances of Escherichia Shigella, Proteus, Morganella, Enterococcus, and Lysinibacillus, but the lower those of Parabacteroides, Alistipes, Desulfovibrio, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Mucispirillum, Oscillibacter, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminiclostridium 9, when compared to the PT and QT rats. By contrast, the GM of PT and QT rats shared similar diversity and structure. Our findings indicated that QRD increased the survival rates without impairment of the GM characteristics, which provides novel insights into the role of Chinese medicine in therapy and long-term recovery of sepsis.

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Electro-acupuncture Alleviates METH Withdrawal-induced Spatial Memory Deficits by Restoring Astrocyte-drived Glutamate Uptake in dCA1

10.1101/2020.05.20.106153 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pengbo Shi ◽

Zhaosu Li ◽

Xing Xu ◽

Jiaxun Nie ◽

Dekang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Memory ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Glutamate Uptake ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Memory Deficits ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Non Invasive ◽

The Brain

ABSTRACTMethamphetamine (METH) is frequently abused drug and produces cognitive deficits. METH could induce hyper-glutamatergic state in the brain, which could partially explain METH-related cognitive deficits, but the synaptic etiology remains incompletely understood. To address this issue, we explored the role of dCA1 tripartite synapses and the potential therapeutic effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) in the development of METH withdrawal-induced spatial memory deficits in mice. We found that METH withdrawal weakened astrocytic capacity of glutamate (Glu) uptake, but failed to change Glu release from dCA3, which lead to hyper-glutamatergic excitotoxicity at dCA1 tripartite synapses. By restoring the astrocytic capacity of Glu uptake, EA treatments suppressed the hyper-glutamatergic state and normalized the excitability of postsynaptic neuron in dCA1, finally alleviated spatial memory deficits in METH withdrawal mice. These findings indicate that astrocyte at tripartite synapses might be a key target for developing therapeutic interventions against METH-associated cognitive disorders, and EA represent a promising non-invasive therapeutic strategy for the management of drugs-caused neurotoxicity.

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Expression of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) in the Eyes of Mice with Disseminated Acanthamoebiasis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/1401894 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karolina Kot ◽

Danuta Kosik-Bogacka ◽

Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk ◽

Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera ◽

Agnieszka Kolasa-Wołosiuk

Keyword(s):

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Control Group ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

Atypical Symptoms ◽

Immunological Status ◽

Bronchial Aspirate ◽

Immunocompetent Mice ◽

The Brain ◽

Immunosuppressed Mice

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the innate immune response to numerous pathogens, including Acanthamoeba spp. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the eyes of mice following intranasal infection with Acanthamoeba spp. in relation to the host’s immunological status. Amoebae used in this study were isolated from the bronchial aspirate of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and atypical symptoms of pneumonia. We found statistically significant differences in the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the eye of immunocompetent mice at 8, 16, and 24 days after Acanthamoeba spp. infection (dpi) compared to control group. Immunosuppressed mice showed significant differences in the expression of TLR2 at 16 and 24 dpi compared to uninfected animals. Our results indicate that TLR2 and TLR4 are upregulated in the eyes of mice in response to Acanthamoeba spp. We suggest that it is possible for trophozoites to migrate through the optic nerve from the brain to the eyes. The course of disseminated acanthamoebiasis may be influenced by the host’s immunological status, and the observed changes in expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the host’s organs may indicate the role of these receptors in the pathomechanism of acanthamoebiasis.

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THE EFFECT OF OLIVE OIL SUPPLEMENTATION IN ADOLESENCE

IJCNP (INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION PHYSICIAN) ◽

10.54773/ijcnp.v4i1.67 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

Andi Faradilah ◽

Darmawansyih ◽

Burhanuddin Darwis

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Boarding School ◽

Control Group ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

The Brain ◽

Adolescent Period

Background Olive oil has been shown to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilator effects. Olive oil contains polyphenols against the reaction of Reactive Oxygen Species. In Al Quran, Surah Al Mu'minin verse 20, it is stated that olive oil can be helpful as an appetite enhancer. This effect can occur through the role of MUFA as olive oil composition in the mechanism of the gut-brain axis where the hormone ghrelin produced by the intestine will enter the brain to induce appetite. The Adolescent period is a significant concern because this is a period of growth and development that requires adequate nutritional intake. The sustainability of appetite in adolescents is a good sign for fulfilling nutritional needs to support optimal growth and development. Objective This study aims to examine the effect of olive oil supplementation on the appetite score in adolescents. Methods The study was conducted at the Tahfizh Al Quran Zam-Zam Islamic Boarding School with 30 subjects divided into two groups: the treatment group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15) who met the inclusion criteria. The study revealed that no difference was showed in the proportion of appetite scores in the two groups. Conclusion There is no difference of the appetite scores on the administration of olive oil in adolescents. Key words: Olive oil, food intake, appetite score, adolescents.

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The multipotent role of metallothionein in the nervous system

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011319 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

G. А. Ushakova ◽

Y. P. Kovalchuk

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Postoperative Pain ◽

Physiological Activity ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Exploratory Activity ◽

Cysteine Residues ◽

Control Group ◽

The Family ◽

The Brain

We provide a commentary on current experimental and theoretical advances and frame our consideration in terms of the possible functions of MT I+II in the nervous system. Metallothioneins (MT) are a family of small cysteine rich proteins, which since their discovery in 1957 have been implicated in a range of roles including toxic metal detoxification, protection against oxidative stress, and as a metallochaperone involved in the homeostasis of both zinc and copper. The most well studied member of the family is the mammalian metallothionein, which consists of two domains: a β-domain with 9 cysteine residues and an α-domain with 11 cysteine residues. Despite over half a century of research, the exact functions of MT in the nervous system are still unknown. Our studies have shown that the distribution of MT-I+II in the brain after prolonged intoxication, inhalation of 0.1% CdCl2 for 1 hour twice a week over 19 weeks, is dependent on the part of the brain. The metallothionein level declines more than 4 times in the hippocampus 3 weeks after continuous intoxication of 0.1% CdCl2. The level of MT-I+II in the cerebral cortex decreased by 1.5 times compared with the control group and did not change significantly in the cerebellum and thalamus/hypothalamus. The results of an experimental model of postoperative pain indicated that injection with MT-II prevents the development of postoperative hyperalgesia in response to mild alteration of physiological activity. Activation of locomotory and exploratory activity, and decrease of anxiety in rats under MT-II treatment at 100 µg/rat manifests itself on the 4th day after surgery. Our experimental data indicate the multipotent function of MT I+II in the rat brain both as a metal detoxifier and as an inhibitor of postoperative pain.

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The role of acupuncture during the COVID-19 pandemic: From the historical perspective to practical application

Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine ◽

10.1142/s2575900020200013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

pp. 27-35

Author(s):

Yemeng Chen

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Symptom Management ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Practical Application ◽

Ancient Literature ◽

Body Resistance ◽

Practical Experiences

Acupuncture has valuable therapeutic effects on combating pestilence based on ancient literature and practical experiences acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Inner Classic of Nei Jing had laid out the principles and therapeutic methods for acupuncture applied to treat febrile diseases and special preventive treatment for pestilence as well, which was an idle sample of Cosmo-Human Correspondence doctrine of Chinese medicine. The author developed a practical protocol for acupuncture in body-resistance enhancement, symptom management, and post-pandemic care during COVID-19 outbreak. The protocol is more suitable for practicing in the western countries. Special precautions of practice during the pandemic and reopening clinic issues aftermath are also introduced.

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Aldosterone in panhypopitutarism: dynamic studies and therapeutic effects in Sheehan's syndrome

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1120329 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 112 (3) ◽

pp. 329-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fawzi Bakiri ◽

Anne M. Riondel ◽

Moulai Benmiloud ◽

Michel B. Vallotton

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Control Group ◽

Minor Role ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Aldosterone Secretion ◽

Before And After ◽

Basal Plasma ◽

Stimulation Tests ◽

A Minor

Abstract. To appreciate the aldosterone secretion status in panhypopituitarism, the steroid response to stimulation was studied in a homogeneous group of 20 female patients presenting with global hypopituitarism. Specific effects of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone deficiencies were also assessed by studying the same patients before and after cortisol (F) and cortisol plus thyroid hormone (F + T) substitution. The patients were submitted to two stimulation tests before and after each treatment: the orthostasis test (O-T) and the furosemide test (Furo-T). The results obtained in the 3 situations were compared, each patient serving as her own control. Comparison was also established with the results obtained in healthy women serving as control group. Basal plasma aldosterone levels in the untreated patients were not significantly different from those of the control group (5.43 ± 0.51 vs 7.16 ±0.80 ng/100 ml, mean ± sem). They were significantly lower after F (3.91 ± 0.42) and F + T substitution (3.31 ± 0.23) than those of untreated patients and controls. Response to both stimulations was blunted in the untreated patients (O-T: 14.10 ± 2.81; Furo-T: 9.78 ± 1.35) as compared to the control group (O-T: 26.46 ± 4.67; Furo-T: 23.96 ± 3.30). F treatment did not improve the response to either tests, (O-T: 11.42 ± 2.55; Furo-T: 10.32 ± 1.23). F + T treatment normalized the orthostasis response (20.83 ± 3.59) and increased the response to furosemide which remained, however, lower (15.28 ± 1.83) than in the control group. These results are in favour of a minor role of the pituitary in the regulation of aldosterone secretion. They emphasize the role of thyroid hormones which may act partly directly, partly through their effect on renin secretion.

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