Retinol and Retinyl Palmitate in Foetal Lung Mice: Sexual Dimorphism

In this work, we evaluate the lung retinoids content to study the possible difference between male and female mice during prenatal development and to comprehend if the vitamin A metabolism is similar in both genders. The study occurred between developmental days E15 and E19, and the retinol and retinyl palmitate lung contents were determined by HPLC analysis. We established two main groups: the control, consisting of foetuses obtained from pregnant females without any manipulation, and vitamin A, composed of foetuses from pregnant females submitted to vitamin A administration on developmental day E14. Each of these groups was subdivided by gender, establishing the four final groups. In the lung of control group, retinol was undetected in both genders and retinyl palmitate levels exhibited a sexual dimorphism. In the vitamin A group, we detected retinol and retinyl palmitate in both genders, and we observed a more evident sexual dimorphism for both retinoids. Our study also indicates that, from developmental day E15 to E19, there is an increase in the retinoids content in foetal lung and a gender difference in the retinoids metabolism. In conclusion, there is a sexual dimorphism in the lung retinoids content and in its metabolism during mice development.

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Effect of supplemental β-carotene compared to retinyl palmitate on fatty acid profile and expression of mRNA from genes involved in vitamin A metabolism in beef feedlot cattle

Animal Science Journal ◽

10.1111/asj.12794 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 (9) ◽

pp. 1380-1387 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kaitlin N. Condron ◽

Jolena N. Waddell ◽

Matt C. Claeys ◽

Ronald P. Lemenager ◽

Jon P. Schoonmaker

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Retinyl Palmitate ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Vitamin A Metabolism ◽

Β Carotene

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Vitamin A metabolism: α-Tocopherol modulates tissue retinol levels in vivo, and retinyl palmitate hydrolysis in vitro

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics ◽

10.1016/0003-9861(84)90100-0 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 230 (1) ◽

pp. 194-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Joseph L. Napoli ◽

Anne M. McCormick ◽

Brian O'Meara ◽

Edward A. Dratz

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Retinyl Palmitate ◽

Vitamin A Metabolism

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Effect of Citric Pectin on beta-Carotene Bioavailability in Rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.72.4.199 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 199-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Márcia Zanutto ◽

Alceu Jordão Júnior ◽

Mônica Meirelles ◽

Rosa Fávaro ◽

Hélio Vannucchi

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Vitamin A ◽

High Performance ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Retinyl Palmitate ◽

Control Group ◽

Plasma Retinol ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Retinol Concentration

The effect of citric pectin on the bioavailability of synthetic beta-carotene was studied. Thirty Wistar rats were used, ten animals were sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment and remaining animals were divided into two groups and received the following diets for 30 days: control group (CG) – 24 mg beta-carotene/g diet + 0% citric pectin; experimental group (EG) – 24 mugbeta-carotene/g diet + 7% citric pectin. Plasma and liver beta-carotene, vitamin A, and retinyl palmitate concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma retinol concentration was 1.42 ± 0.36 mumol/L for CG and 1.10 ± 0.24 mumol/L for EG (p = 0.1), and plasma beta-carotene concentration was 0.20 ± 2.51 mumol/L for CG and 0.07 ± 0.04 µumol/L for EG (p = 0.01). Only traces of retinyl palmitate were detected in CG and none in EG. Retinol did not differ significantly between groups CG and EG, while a significantly higher beta-carotene concentration was observed for CG. Liver concentrations of retinol (CG: 4.90 ± 2.51 µug/g; EG: 2.68 ± 1.12 µug/g), beta-carotene (CG: 0.98 ± 0.28 µug/g; EG: 0.11 ± 0.06 µug/g), and retinyl palmitate (CG: 95.47 ± 45.13 µug/g, EG: 37.01 ± 17.20 µug/g) differed significantly between groups (p < 0.05), with a lower concentration being observed for EG. We conclude that 7% citric pectin in the rat diet decreases the bioavailability of synthetic beta-carotene, reducing the liver reserves of vitamin A and beta-carotene.

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Farnesoid X receptor and bile acids regulate vitamin A storage

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55988-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali Saeed ◽

Jing Yang ◽

Janette Heegsma ◽

Albert K. Groen ◽

Saskia W. C. van Mil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Mouse Liver ◽

Retinyl Palmitate ◽

Farnesoid X Receptor ◽

Immune Control ◽

Obeticholic Acid ◽

Vitamin A Metabolism ◽

Protein Levels ◽

And Storage

AbstractThe nuclear receptor Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is activated by bile acids and controls multiple metabolic processes, including bile acid, lipid, carbohydrate, amino acid and energy metabolism. Vitamin A is needed for proper metabolic and immune control and requires bile acids for efficient intestinal absorption and storage in the liver. Here, we analyzed whether FXR regulates vitamin A metabolism. Compared to control animals, FXR-null mice showed strongly reduced (>90%) hepatic levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate and a significant reduction in lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), the enzyme responsible for hepatic vitamin A storage. Hepatic reintroduction of FXR in FXR-null mice induced vitamin A storage in the liver. Hepatic vitamin A levels were normal in intestine-specific FXR-null mice. Obeticholic acid (OCA, 3 weeks) treatment rapidly reduced (>60%) hepatic retinyl palmitate levels in mice, concurrent with strongly increased retinol levels (>5-fold). Similar, but milder effects were observed in cholic acid (12 weeks)-treated mice. OCA did not change hepatic LRAT protein levels, but strongly reduced all enzymes involved in hepatic retinyl ester hydrolysis, involving mostly post-transcriptional mechanisms. In conclusion, vitamin A metabolism in the mouse liver heavily depends on the FXR and FXR-targeted therapies may be prone to cause vitamin A-related pathologies.

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Comparative assessment of average clinical smile parameters in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion

Periodontology ◽

10.33925/1683-3759-2020-25-2-121-126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 121-126

Author(s):

V. G. Galonsky ◽

N. V. Tarasova ◽

V. V. Aliamovskii ◽

I. S. Leonovich

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Male And Female ◽

Young Males ◽

Young Females ◽

Female Patients ◽

Evaluation Of Parameters ◽

Distinguishing Features ◽

Vertical Size ◽

Relative Concept ◽

The Ideal

Relevance. Separate issues in anthropomorphic sizes of relative norm of the ideal smile, its qualitative and qualitative parameters have not been addressed to sufficiently and are not properly reflected in scientific literature.Purpose. To determine distinguishing features in average smile parameters of the smile in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion.Materials and methods. A clinical and anthropometric evaluation of parameters in main smile types was carried out for 150 young males and 150 young females aged 19-24 who had identical physiological development parameters.Results. It has been revealed that occurrence frequency of main smile types in patients with orthognathic occlusion has pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism which in over one half of the cases lies in predominance of the incisal smile type in males (52.7%) and the fascial type in females (55.3%). Occurence frequency of the cervical smile type totaled 25% among the studied patients of both genders. Average vertical size parameters in the incisal smile lies within the diapason of 3.91-4.91mm with surpassing by 1mm in males. Analogical data for the fascial smile type form the diapason of 6.21-6.73mm with surpassing by 0.52mm in females. The cervical smile type is characterised by larger vertical size forming the diapason of 7.94-8.91mm with surpassing by 0.97mm in males.Conclusion. The results of the study have shown that the “beautiful and ideal smile” is a relative concept having varied anthropometric characteristics and pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism lying in a broad spectrum of the dentofacial system norm notion with specific vectors for individual morphological deviations.

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Retinol, α-Tocopherol and Vitamin D3 in White MuscleDisease

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.6029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 6029-2018

Author(s):

HANDAN MERT ◽

SERKAN YİLDİRİM ◽

IBRAHİM HAKKİ YORUK ◽

KİVANC IRAK ◽

BAHAT COMBA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

White Muscle ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Early Stage ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Muscle Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

White Muscle Disease ◽

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins are essential for the health of all living organisms. Vitamins E, A, D and K are known as fat-soluble vitamins, and deprivation of vitamin E causes various disorders, especially in the reproduction and cardiovascular systems and in muscle functions. Vitamin A, on the other hand, has roles in various biological functions – like eyesight – and the growth, reproduction and differentiation of epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency leads to the keratinization of the epithelium, and disorders related to the metaplasies of the genital and genitourinary systems. Conversely, vitamin D is defined as a pro-hormone and is responsible for Cahomeostasis, and thus indirectly affects the bone metabolism, bone structure, and cellular and neural functions of Ca. White muscle disease (WMD) can occur in newborn lambs, but is more commonly seen in lambs of up to 3 months of age. In this study, 30 lambs of 3 to 50-days-old from different flocks diagnosed with White Muscle Disease (WMD) were selected as research material, while the control group consisted of 8 healthy lambs. With the aim of clarifying the cause of WMD, serum fat-soluble vitamins, retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 levels were determined in 16 lambs. Gluteal and heart musclet issue samples also were taken from 30 lambs with WMD. The vitamin levels of the samples were analysed by HPLC. The levels of serum α-tocopherol, retinols, and vitamin D3 were foundto be low in the diseased animals, but only retinol (p<0.001) and α-tocopherol (p<0.0011) level differences were statistically relevant. Macroscopically, Zenker’s necrosis was determined in the heart muscles of 17 lambs, and in the gluteal and chest muscles of 6 lambs. 7 lambs displayed necrosis in both their heart and in gluteal muscles. The samples were analyzed microscopically to reach similar findings: swollen homogeneous pink muscles, pycnotic nuclei, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic blood vessels in gluteal, chest and heart muscles. Hyaline degeneration and Zenker's necrosis, dystrophic regions in necrotic areas, cc was detected as a severe disease in lambs at an early stage of life with advanced degeneration in different muscle tissues. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins was also detected in the sick animals. Control group lambs had higher levels of α tocopherol and retinol (p<0.001) compared to the sick lambs. .

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Vitamin A Metabolism in Infection

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/57.2.277 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 277-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. M. Kagan ◽

Elizabeth Kaiser

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin A Metabolism

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Impact of Maternal Daily Oral Low-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation on the Mother–Infant Pair: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial in China

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2370

Author(s):

Ye Ding ◽

Ping Hu ◽

Yue Yang ◽

Fangping Xu ◽

Fang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Low Dose ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Control Group ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin A Status ◽

Lactating Mothers

Background: The nutritional status of vitamin A in lactating mothers and infants is still not optimistic. Due to the dietary habits and dietary restrictions of postpartum customs in China, vitamin A supplementation has been advocated as a potential strategy to improve vitamin A status of lactating mothers with inadequate dietary vitamin A intake. Existing clinical trials are limited to single or double high-dose maternal administrations. However, in China, vitamin A supplements are readily available in the form of daily oral low-dose supplements, and the effect of these is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation on the retinol levels in the serum and breast milk of lactating mothers and the health status of infants in China. Methods: Lactating mothers who met the inclusion criteria and planned to continue exclusive breastfeeding were randomly assigned to receive either daily oral vitamin A and D drops (one soft capsule of 1800 IU vitamin A and 600 IU vitamin D2), or a matching placebo for 2 months. Before and after the intervention, dietary intake was investigated by instant photography, and the retinol concentration in maternal serum and breast milk was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. During the trial, the health status of infants was diagnosed by a paediatrician or reported by lactating mothers. A total of 245 participants completed the study, with 117 in the supplementation group and 128 in the control group. Results: After the 2-month intervention, maternal serum retinol concentrations increased in the supplementation group with no change in the control group. Although breast milk retinol concentrations decreased significantly in both groups, the decrease in the supplementation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, maternal vitamin A supplementation was not associated with a lower risk of infant febrile illness, respiratory tract infection, diarrhoea, and eczema. Conclusions: Daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation is helpful in improving maternal vitamin A status, despite having no effect on infant health status through breast milk.

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Sex-dependent dynamics of metabolism in primary mouse hepatocytes

Archives of Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00204-021-03118-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luise Hochmuth ◽

Christiane Körner ◽

Fritzi Ott ◽

Daniela Volke ◽

Kaja Blagotinšek Cokan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

New Drugs ◽

Model Systems ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Primary Hepatocytes ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Male And Female ◽

Primary Mouse

AbstractThe liver is one of the most sexually dimorphic organs. The hepatic metabolic pathways that are subject to sexual dimorphism include xenobiotic, amino acid and lipid metabolism. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma are among diseases with sex-dependent prevalence, progression and outcome. Although male and female livers differ in their abilities to metabolize foreign compounds, including drugs, sex-dependent treatment and pharmacological dynamics are rarely applied in all relevant cases. Therefore, it is important to consider hepatic sexual dimorphism when developing new treatment strategies and to understand the underlying mechanisms in model systems. We isolated primary hepatocytes from male and female C57BL6/N mice and examined the sex-dependent transcriptome, proteome and extracellular metabolome parameters in the course of culturing them for 96 h. The sex-specific gene expression of the general xenobiotic pathway altered and the female-specific expression of Cyp2b13 and Cyp2b9 was significantly reduced during culture. Sex-dependent differences of several signaling pathways increased, including genes related to serotonin and melatonin degradation. Furthermore, the ratios of male and female gene expression were inversed for other pathways, such as amino acid degradation, beta-oxidation, androgen signaling and hepatic steatosis. Because the primary hepatocytes were cultivated without the influence of known regulators of sexual dimorphism, these results suggest currently unknown modulatory mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in vitro. The large sex-dependent differences in the regulation and dynamics of drug metabolism observed during cultivation can have an immense influence on the evaluation of pharmacodynamic processes when conducting initial preclinical trials to investigate potential new drugs.

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