Association between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) during checkpoint immunotherapy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 489-489
Author(s):  
Elie W. Akl ◽  
Pier Vitale Nuzzo ◽  
Elio Adib ◽  
Amin Nassar ◽  
Sarah Abou Alaiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
P Values ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Radiological Data ◽  
Tumor Mutational Burden ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
The Relationship

489 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has greatly improved clinical outcomes for pts with mUC and other cancers. ICI is associated with a class of AEs, deemed irAEs due to immune activation. Nonetheless, biomarkers associated with irAE are still lacking. We hypothesized that the immune response against neoantigens is partly responsible for irAEs and investigated the association between irAEs, TMB and response to ICI. Methods: We identified patients with mUC at Dana Farber Cancer Institute who were treated with ICI (monotherapy or combination) and had available tumor sequencing data through Oncopanel. TMB was calculated using the number of non-synonymous exonic mutations per megabase. The severity of irAEs was graded using CTCAE v.5.0. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to identify association between TMB, incidence and grade of irAEs. A cut-off of 10/mb was assigned for TMB. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the radiologic response between pts with and without irAEs and low vs. high TMB. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the relationship between TMB, irAEs and response. p-values were adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg method. Results: Of 101 pts with mUC who met the inclusion criteria, 32 (32%) reported irAEs. 6 (6%) were grade (G)1, 20 (20%) were G2, and 6 (6%) were G3. Median(m) time on therapy was 84 days for pts without irAEs and 88 days for pts with irAEs. Pts with irAEs had higher mTMB (15.4/mb) compared to pts with no irAEs (9.8) ( p = 0.01). In pts on monotherapy (93), those with irAEs (n=27) had a higher mTMB (15.13/mb) compared to pts with no irAEs (n=66) (mTMB = 10.20/mb) ( p = 0.01). Out of 94 pts with radiological data, response was achieved in 16 (50%) pts with irAE vs 10 (16%) pts with no irAE ( p < 0.001). When both irAE and response were included in a multivariable regression, the association between irAE and TMB was not significant ( p = 0.4). Pts with both irAE and high TMB had a response rate of 56% which was significantly higher than those with either irAE but low TMB (28.6%) or high TMB but no irAE (21.2 %) or low TMB and no irAE (10.3%) (Chi-square test p = 0.002; FDR corrected p-values for individual comparisons in Table). There was no association between TMB and irAE grade. Conclusions: Higher TMB was associated with higher incidence of irAEs in pts with mUC on ICIs. Moreover, pts with both high TMB and irAEs exhibited better response rates than those with only high TMB or irAEs, suggesting that they may provide complementary tumor and host characteristics. Further evaluation in mUC is needed to confirm this relationship between TMB, irAEs and response in a larger cohort and explore specific mutational signatures that may be associated with irAEs. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals A „kompromisszumos választás” szerepe a fogászati kezeléssel kapcsolatos döntések során. 676 magyar önkéntes részvételével végzett vizsgálat

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (38) ◽  
pp. 1503-1509
Author(s):  
Réka Szabó ◽  
Gergely Farkas ◽  
Mária Keszeg ◽  
Gabriella Eördegh ◽  
Norbert Buzás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Compromise Effect ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Patient Side ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Introduction: The compromise effect is a well-known phenomenon in the world of marketing, but it is rarely examined in medical settings. In dental setting, the patient often has to make treatment-related decisions with price as the only available and comprehensible information to help informed choice. Aim: We sought to determine if the compromise effect plays a role in dental treatment choices, and if yes, how the effect is modified by factors such as perceived quality, professional jargon in the explanations, or the importance of keeping one’s own teeth intact. Method: 676 volunteers participated in this questionnaire-based study. The questionnaires were filled in anonymously. Altogether 8 versions of the same questionnaire were generated, in which the following information was given in varying combinations: the names of five different dental treatments from cheap to expensive, their possible prices, and additional information about the treatment. Statistical analysis: The significance of the relationship between the relative frequency of responses and the available additional information was determined by chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The respondents did not approach dental treatment-related decisions on a heuristic basis by default, most probably because of their preconceptions and previous experiences in connection with dental treatments. Esthetics turned out to be of utmost importance and expectable lifespan was also information that significantly influenced the choices. Conclusion: Extra information can and does influence informed dental treatment choice on the patient side, provided it is offered in a clear, proper, and intelligible form, which points out the importance of professional communication. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(38): 1503–1509.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG IMUNISASI DENGAN KELENGKAPAN PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI DASAR PADA BAYI DI POSYANDU KELURAHAN PANIKI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS ONDONG KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SIAU TAGULANDANG BIARO

e-NERS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Revy Sarame ◽  
A. Y. Ismanto ◽  
Abram Babakal
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Immunization is the vaccine into the body in the form of weakened germs that cause the body to produce antibodies but not cause disease, even children become immune.  The research objective was to determine the relationship of maternal knowledge about immunization with complete basic immunization in infants at IHC Health Center Village Paniki working area Ondong Tagulandang Biaro Siau Islands District . The study design was cross sectional method and using Chi-Square test on the value of the Fisher Exact Test. The study was conducted on 32 mothers of infants aged 9-12 months. Sampling with a total sampling instrument in the form of a questionnaire study to determine the motherʾs knowledge and KMS (Card Towards Health) to determine the completeness of immunization. The analysis shows there is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge about immunization with complete basic immunization in infants (p = 0,000). Conclusion that mothers with a good knowledge of immunization will do complete basic immunization in children compared to mothers with less knowledge about immunization. Keywords: Knowledge mother, Completed Basic Immunization.   Abstrak: Imunisasi  adalah pemberian vaksin ke dalam tubuh berupa bibit penykit  yang  dilemahkan yang menyebabkan tubuh memproduksi antibodi tetapi tidak menimbulkan penyakit, bahkan anak menjadi kebal. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui  hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi dengan kelengkapan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada bayi di Posyandu Kelurahan Paniki wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ondong Kabupaten Kepulauan Siau Tagulandang Biaro. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode Cross Sectional dan menggunakan  uji Chi-Square pada nilai Fisher Exact Test. Penelitian dilakukan pada 32 ibu yang memiliki bayi berusia 9-12 bulan. Pengambilan sampel secara total sampling dengan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner untuk mengetahui pengetahuan ibu dan KMS (Kartu Menuju Sehat) untuk mengetahui kelengkapan imunisasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan  terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi dengan kelengkapan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada bayi (p=0.000). Kesimpulan yaitu ibu dengan pengetahuan tentang imunisasi yang baik akan melakukan pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap pada anaknya dibandingkan ibu dengan  pengetahuan tentang imunisasi yang kurang. Kata kunci: Pengetahuan ibu, Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar.

scholarly journals Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Karies pada Gigi Molar Pertama Bawah Permanen pada Anak Usia 6-8 Tahun di SDN 36 Manado

e-GIGI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avita Aulia ◽  
Paulina N. Gunawan ◽  
Shirley E. S. Kawengian
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Caries is the presence of a cavity on the tooth caused by the activity of microorganism on fermented carbohydrate. Nutritional status is resulting from food consumption, which is one of the factors that influence the occurence of dental caries. This study was aimed to obtain the relationship between nutritional status and caries in permanent lower first molar among students of SDN 36 (elementary school) Manado. This was an analytical study using a cross sectional design. There were 48 students at SDN 36 Manado aged 6-8 years in this study obtained by using total sampling technique. We used the nutritional status based on length-for-age and BMI-for-age using the z-scores WHO anthropometrical standards for children aged 5-18 years and examined the oral cavity whether there was caries in permanent lower first molars. The results showed that caries in permanent lower first molars was found in 77.1% of subjects. Nutritional status based on length-for-age showed normal category (83.3%) and short stature/stunted (16.7%). The nutritional status based on BMI-for-age showed obese category (22.9%), overweight (8.3%), normal (60.5%), wasted (8.3%), and severely wasted (0.0%). The Fisher’s Exact test and the Chi-Square test showed that the relationship between length-for-age and the occurence of caries had a p-value of 1,000 meanwhile the relationship between nutritional status based on BMI-for-age and the occurence of caries had a p-value of 0.024. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between nutritional status based on BMI-for-age and caries in the permanent lower first molars in children aged 6-8 years at SDN 36 Manado.Keywords: dental caries, permanent lower first molar, nutritional status Abstrak: Karies adalah adanya rongga pada yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas jasad renik terhadap karbohidrat yang dapat diragikan. Status gizi merupakan keadaan tubuh sebagai akibat konsumsi makanan, yang menjadi salah satu faktor yang dapat memengaruhi proses terjadinya karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dengan karies gigi molar pertama bawah permanen pada anak usia 6-8 tahun di SDN 36 Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling terhadap seluruh siswa di SDN 36 Manado berusia 6-8 tahun pada tahun 2019 yang berjumlah 48 orang. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran status gizi TB/U dan IMT/U berdasarkan SD dengan standar baku antropometri WHO untuk anak usia 5-18 tahun serta pemeriksaan rongga mulut untuk melihat ada tidaknya karies pada gigi molar pertama bawah permanen. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan terdapatnya karies pada gigi molar pertama bawah permanen sebesar 77,1% subyek. Status gizi berdasarkan TB/U didapatkan subyek kategori normal (83,3%) dan pendek/stunted (16,7%). Status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U didapatkan kategori obesitas (22,9%), gemuk (8,3%), normal (60,5%), kurus (8,3%), serta sangat kurus (0,0%). Hasil uji Fisher’s Exact dan uji Chi-Square menunjukkan untuk TB/U nilai p=1,000 sedangkan untuk IMT/U nilai p=0,024. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U dengan karies gigi molar pertama bawah permanen pada anak usia 6-8 tahun di SDN 36 Manado.Kata kunci: karies gigi, molar pertama bawah permanen, status gizi

scholarly journals The Relationship between Sleep Duration and Perceived Stress: Findings from the 2017 Community Health Survey in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwi Jun Kim ◽  
So Yeon Oh ◽  
Jae Hong Joo ◽  
Dong-Woo Choi ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
The Relationship

Sleep is exceedingly important for our physical, physiological, psychological, and social health. Currently, few Koreans get the recommended daily amount of sleep. Stress can also have a major impact on our physiological, neurological, and mental health. In this study, we explored the correlation between sleep duration and perceived stress. The study used data from the Community Health Survey (CHS), 2017, which included 133,444 responses from Koreans. Sleeping time and stress were measured by self-diagnosis. The relationship between sleeping time and stress was analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariable regression. Both men and women felt the most stress when they slept for an average of 6 h a day. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that even when they sleep for the same time, younger people felt more stressed than older people. In the group that slept for an average of 6 h a day, women were the most stressed. We observed a correlation between sleeping time and stress in Korean adults. We found that about 16.7% of Koreans were sleeping for less than 5 h. This is less than the 7–9 h of sleep recommended by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF). In addition, stress was found to increase when sleep was insufficient. In particular, it was also observed that young people who slept for less than 8 h felt stressed more easily.

scholarly journals Testing The Mean For Business Data: Should One Use The Z-Test, T-Test, F-Test, The Chi-Square Test, Or The P-Value Method?

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajuan Liang ◽  
William S. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
F Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
P Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Populations

In testing the mean of a population or comparing the means from two populations. There are several statistics available: the t-test, z-test, F-test and the chi-square test. Both the t-test and the z-test are usually used for continuous populations, and the chi-square test is used for categorical data. The F-test is used for comparing more than two means. In this paper we will discuss: 1) the conditions on using these tests; 2) the relationship among these test; and 3) illustration of the p-values of these tests by graphs. Some concluding remarks will be provided.

scholarly journals Investigation of Anti-Toxocaraand Anti-ToxoplasmaAntibodies in Patients with Schizophrenia Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Khademvatan ◽  
Niloufar Khajeddin ◽  
Sakineh Izadi ◽  
Elham Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship betweenToxoplasma gondiiandToxocaraspp. infections in patients with schizophrenia disorder.Method. A total of 100 patients with schizophrenia disorder and 95 healthy individuals participated in the study. Participants were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondiiand anti-Toxocaraspp. antibodies by ELISA and Western blotting. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher9s exact test.Results. There were no differences inT. gondiiIgG seroprevalence between patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals (P=0.1), but there were differences in seroprevalence between males and females with schizophrenia (P=0.009). In contrast,Toxocaraspp. IgG seroprevalence was greater in patients with schizophrenia disorder than in healthy individuals (P=0.02), but there were no differences in seroprevalence between men and women with schizophrenia (P=0.5). Finally, there were no differences in seroprevalence ofT. gondiiorToxocaraspp. IgG among different subtypes of schizophrenia, various age groups, residential area, or clinical course of treatment (P>0.05).Conclusion. The present study suggests that patients with schizophrenia disorder are at elevated risk ofToxocaraspp. infection. Moreover, contamination withT. gondiiis a risk factor for schizophrenia in women.

scholarly journals Overexpression of MAL2 Correlates with Immune Infiltration and Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yue Zhong ◽  
Zhenjie Zhuang ◽  
PeiJu Mo ◽  
Qi Shang ◽  
Mandi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Myelin and lymphocyte, T cell differentiation protein 2 (MAL2) is highly expressed in various cancers and associated with the development and prognosis of cancer. However, the relationship between MAL2 and breast cancer requires further investigation. This study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of MAL2 in breast cancer. Methods. MAL2 expression was initially assessed using the Oncomine database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to explore the association between clinical characteristics and MAL2 expression. The prognostic value of MAL2 in breast cancer was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify the biological pathways correlated with MAL2 expression in breast cancer. Besides, a single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) was used to assess the relationship between the level of immune infiltration and MAL2 in breast cancer. Results. Both bioinformatics and RT-qPCR results showed that MAL2 was expressed at high levels in breast cancer tissues compared with the adjacent tissues. The chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test indicated that MAL2 expression was related to stage, M classification, and vital status. Kaplan–Meier curves implicated that high MAL2 expression was significantly associated with the poor prognosis. Cox regression models showed that high MAL2 expression could be an independent risk factor for breast cancer. GSEA showed that 14 signaling pathways were enriched in the high-MAL2-expression group. Besides, the MAL2 expression level negatively correlated with infiltrating levels of eosinophils and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in breast cancer. Conclusion. Overexpression of MAL2 correlates with poor prognosis and lower immune infiltrating levels of eosinophils and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in breast cancer and may become a biomarker for breast cancer prognosis.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Shaming Treatment and Body Image in Adolescents in Depok

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Mila Evelianti ◽  
Nita Sukamti ◽  
Meila Kusuma Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
P Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Since March 2015 at the Asian level, the number of cases of bullying that has happened to students in schools has reached 70%. The impact of body shaming will lead to poor self-assessment. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between body shaming treatment on body image among adolescents in Depok. The design of this research is quantitative with cross sectional approach. The sample in this study is 81 students in Depok. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. Data are analyzed using Chi-Square test. The results showed that there is a relationship between body shaming treatment on body image among adolescents in the Depok area, aimed at p values of 0.017 (p

scholarly journals Characterization and clinical evaluation of microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity within tumor-related genes in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyun Huo ◽  
Dandan Feng ◽  
Shuangyue Zhang ◽  
Zhenkun Li ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Loss Of Heterozygosity ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Mucinous Carcinoma ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a biomarker for better outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, this conclusion is controversial. In addition, MSs can be a useful marker for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of genes, but this finding has not been well studied. Here, we aimed to clarify the predictive value of MSI/LOH within tumor-related genes in CRC. Methods We detected MSI/LOH of MSs in tumor-related genes and the Bethesda (B5) panel by STR scanning and cloning/sequencing. We further analyzed the relationship between MSI/LOH status and clinical features or outcomes by Pearson’s Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and the Kaplan–Meier method. Results The findings indicated that the MSI rates of B5 loci were all higher than those of loci in tumor-related genes. Interestingly, MSI/LOH of 2 loci in the B5 panel and 12 loci in tumor-related genes were associated with poorer outcomes, while MSI/LOH of the B5 panel failed to predict outcomes in CRC. MSI of BAT25, MSI/LOH of BAT26 and MSI of the B5 panel showed closer relationships with mucinous carcinoma. In addition, LOH-H of the B5 panel was associated with increased lymphatic metastasis. Conclusions In summary, MSI/LOH of certain loci or the whole panel of B5 is related to clinical features, and several loci within tumor-related genes showed prognostic value in the outcomes of CRC.

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